pute with the city of bloods; make known to it all its abominations, by the blood which thou hast shed, thou art made guilty, and by the idols which thou hast made, thou art polluted; behold the princes of Israel, every one according to his arm, have been in thee, and have shed blood; men of calumny have been in thee, to shed blood, and to the mountains they have devoured in thee," xxii. 2, 3, 4, 6, 9. And in Joel, "I will give prodi gies in the heaven and in the earth, blood, and fire, and a pillar of smoke; the sun shall be turned into thick darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and terrible day cometh," ii. 30, 31. And in the Apocalypse, "The sun became black as sackcloth of hair, and the whole moon became as blood,” vi. 12. Again, "The second angel sounded, and as it were a great mountain burning with fire was cast into the sea, and the third part of the sea became blood," viii. 8. And again, "The second angel poured out his vial into the sea, and it became blood as of one that is dead, whence every living soul died in the sea. The third angel poured out his vial into the rivers and into the fountains of waters, and they became blood," xvi. 3, 4. In these passages, by blood is not meant the blood of the bodily life of man which is shed, but the blood of spiritual life, which is Divine Truth, to which violence is offered by the false derived from evil. The like is meant by blood in Matthew, "Upon you shall come the just blood shed upon the earth, from the blood of just Abel, even to the blood of Zechariah, whom ye have slain between the temple and the altar," xxiii. 35; by which is signified, that the truths of the Word have been violated by the Jews from the first time even to the present, insomuch that they were not willing to acknowledge anything of internal and celestial truth, therefore neither did they acknowledge the Lord. Their shedding of His blood signified the plenary rejection of Divine Truth, for the Lord was Divine Truth Itself, which is the Word made flesh, John i. 1, 14. The plenary rejection of Divine Truth, which was from the Lord, and which was the Lord, is meant by these words in John, "Pilate washed his hands before the people, saying, I am innocent of the blood of this just one, ye have seen; and the whole people answered, His blood be on us and on our children," xxvii. 24, 25; on which account this is thus described in the same Evangelist, "One of the soldiers with a spear pierced His side, and immediately there came out blood and water; he who saw beareth witness, and the witness is true, and he knoweth that he saith truth, that ye may believe," xix. 34, 35; the reason why water also came out is, because by water is signified external Divine Truth, such as is the Word in the letter; that water denotes truth, see n. 2702, 3058, 3424, 4976, 5668, 8568. From these considerations it is also evident, what is signified by being purified by the blood of the Lord, that it denotes by

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the reception of the truth of faith from Him, n. 7918, 9089; so also it is evident what is signified by these words in the Apocalypse, "They overcame the dragon by the blood of the Lamb, and by the Word of His testimony," xii. 11; by the blood of the Lamb, is by the Divine Truth which is from the Lord, which also is the Word of testimony; the blood of the Lamb is innocent blood, for a lamb is innocence, n. 3994, 3519, 7840. Truth Divine proceeding from the Lord in heaven has innocence inmostly in it, for it affects no others than those who are in innocence, n. 2526, 2780, 3111, 3183, 3495, 3994, 4797, 6013, 6107, 6765, 7836, 7840, 7902, 7877.

9128. "If the sun be risen upon him"-that hereby is signified if he shall see it clearly from an interior principle, namely, the theft which is perpetrated, appears from the signification of the sun being risen, as denoting to be seen in light, or clearly, in this case that good and truth is taken away which is signified by the theft, n. 9125. The reason why the sun's being risen has this signification is, because by the thief caught in digging, treated of in the foregoing verse, is signified the taking away of good and truth in secret, thus when it is not seen, n. 9125; the reason why it is said to be seen from an interior principle is, because such a thing is seen by the internal man. The subject being of importance, it may be expedient to explain how the case is with sight from an interior principle. Man sees with himself whether a thing be good or evil, consequently whether it be true or false, which he thinks and wills, and which he thence speaks and does; this cannot in anywise be effected, unless man sees from an interior principle. To see from an interior principle, is from the sight of the internal man in the external; the case herein is as with the sight of the eye, for the eye cannot see the things which are in itself but which are out of itself; hence now it is, that man sees good and evil which are in himself. Nevertheless, one man sees this better than another, and some do not see this at all; they who see it, are those who have received the life of faith and charity from the Lord, for this life is internal life or the life of the internal man. Persons of this character, inasmuch as they are in truth by virtue of faith, and in good by virtue of charity, can see the evils and falses attendant upon themselves; for from good may be seen evil, and from truth the false, but not vice versa; the reason is, because good and truth is in heaven, and in the light thereof, whereas evil and the false is in hell, and in the darkness thereof. Hence it is evident, that they who are in evil and thence in the false, cannot see good and truth, and not even the evil and false which appertain to themselves; consequently, neither can these see from an interior principle. But it is to be noted, that to see from an interior principle is to see from the Lord; for the case in respect to sight is as in respect to every

thing existing, that nothing exists from itself, but from what is prior or superior to itself, thus at length from the first and supreme. The first and supreme is the Lord. He who comprehends this, may also comprehend that the all of life appertaining to man is from the Lord; and inasmuch as charity and faith constitute the veriest life of man, that the all of charity and the all of faith is from the Lord. He who excels in the faculty of thinking and perceiving, may also from hence comprehend that the Lord sees all and singular things, even to the most singular, which appertain to man. But evil and the false do not exist from what is superior to themselves, but from what is inferior; consequently, they do not exist from the Lord, but from the world, for the Lord is above, and the world is beneath; wherefore the internal man, appertaining to those who are in evil and thence in the false, is closed above and open beneath. Hence it is, that they see all things inverted, the world as everything, and heaven as nothing; on this account they appear also inverted before the angels, with the feet upwards and the head downwards; such are all in hell.

9129. "Bloods [shall be shed] for him"-that hereby is signified that he is guilty, appears from the signification of blood, as denoting violence offered to good and truth, thus to be guilty of that violence, see above, n. 9126.

9130. "Repaying he shall repay"-that hereby is signified the amendment and restitution of the truth and good taken away, appears from the signification of repaying as denoting amendment and restitution, see n. 9087, 9097.

9131. "If he hath nothing"-that hereby is signified if no overplus remains, viz. of the good and truth taken away, appears from the signification of him, namely, the thief, having nothing, as denoting that there is no overplus remaining of the truth and good taken away. That theft denotes a good and truth taken away, see n. 9125; and that the like is signified by a thief as by theft, see n. 9125, 9126.

9132. "He shall be sold for his theft"-that hereby is signified alienation, appears from the signification of being sold, as denoting alienation, see n. 4752, 4758, 5886, in this case, of the good and truth taken away, of which there is no overplus remaining, n. 9130; and from the signification of for the theft, as denoting amendment and restitution by another good or truth in the place of what was taken away, which is signified by repaying, n. 9129; for the thief was sold that the theft might be repaid. With what is contained in this verse the case is this; he who sees that a good or truth which appertains to himself, is taken away by the false derived from evil, is guilty of the violence offered to them, for it is done whilst he is conscious of it; for what is done from consciousness proceeds from the will and at the same time from the understanding, thus from the

whole man, for man is man from both; and what is done from both is done from the false which is derived from evil; from the false because from the understanding, and from evil because from the will; hence man has guilt. That that is appropriated to man, which comes from his understanding, and at the same time from his will, see n. 9009, 9069, 9071; and that man be. comes guilty, if he does not repress evil of the will principle by the intellectual, when he sees it, n. 9075.

9133. "If finding the theft shall be found in his hand"that hereby is signified if there be any overplus of truth and good by which it can be restored, appears from the signification of being found by finding, when relating to good or truth taken away, which is signified by theft, as denoting the overplus remaining; and from the signification of in his hand, as denoting in his power; that hand denotes power, see n. 878, 3387, 4931 to 4937, 5327, 5328, 5544, 6947, 7011, 7188, 7189, 7518, 7673, 8050, 8153, 8281; that in his hand also denotes what appertains to him, will be seen below: and from the sig nification of the theft, as denoting the good or truth taken away, see n. 9125. Hence it is evident that by the expression, "If finding the theft be found in his hand," is signified if there be any overplus of good and truth; the reason why it also denotes by which it can be restored is, because the subject treated of in this verse is concerning the restitution of good and truth taken away; the case herein is this; when the common affec tion of good remains, then there is always an overplus by which any particular good taken away may be restored, for particular goods and truths depend on common good, see n. 920, 1040, 1316, 4269, 4325, 4329, 4345, 4383, 5208, 6115, 7131. The reason why in his hand denotes whatsoever appertains to him is, because by hand is signified power, and whatsoever is of any one's power appertains to him; hence also by hand, especially by the right hand, is signified himself. From which considerations it may be manifest what is signified by sitting at the right hand of the Father, where it is said concerning the Lord, that it denotes to be everything appertaining to the Faher, thus to be Himself; which is the same thing with being in the Father and the Father in Him, and with all His being the Father's, and all the Father's His, which the Lord teaches in John, chap. xiv. 8 to 11; chap. xvii. 10, 11.

9134. "From an ox even to an ass"--that hereby is signified from good or truth exterior, appears from t e signification of an ox, as denoting the good of the natural principle, see n. 2180, 2566, 2781, 2830, 8912, 8937; and from the signification of an ass, as denoting the truth of the natural principle, see n. 2781, 5492, 5741. The good of the natural principle is exterior good, and the truth of the natural principle is exterior truth. 9135. “Even to a cattle-that hereby is signified if from

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truth and good interior, appears from the signification of cattle, as denoting spiritual truth and good, thus truth and good interior, see n. 6016, 6045, 6049. In the Word sometimes flocks are spoken of, sometimes cattle, and in the internal sense by flocks are signified interior goods and the truths thence derived; but by cattle are signified interior truths and the goods thence derived. But the difference between them cannot be known, unless it be known how the case is with the two states of man, the prior and posterior, during regeneration. The prior state is, when he is leading by the truths of faith to the good of charity; the posterior state is when he is in the good of charity, and thence in the truths of faith; by the prior state man is introduced into the church, that he may be made a church, and when he is made a church, then he is in the posterior state. The goods and truths appertaining to him in the posterior state are signified by flocks, but the truths and goods appertaining to him in the prior state are signified by cattle; hence it is, that in the latter case truths are mentioned in the first place, and good in the second. Concerning those two states appertaining to the man who is regenerating, or what is the same thing, who is made a church, see n. 7623, 7992, 8505, 8506, 8510, 8512, 8516, 8643, 8648, 8658, 8685, 8690, 8701, 8772, 8994, 9088, 9089. Goods and truths are called exterior, which are in the external or natural man, and those are called interior, which are in the internal or spiritual man. The reason why the latter are interior, and the former exterior is, because the internal man savors of heaven and the external of the world; for heaven is within man and the world without. It is said from an ox even to an ass, even to a cattle, that every exterior good and truth may be signified, and every interior truth and good; good also proceeds to truth in the external man, and from truth to good in the internal, according to Divine order in heaven.

9136. "Living"-that hereby is signified in which there is spiritual life, appears from the signification of living, as denoting spiritual life, which is the life of faith and charity, see n. 5407, 5890; hence the living are those in whom there is spiritual life.

9137. "He shall repay twofold"-that hereby is signified restitution to the full, appears from the signification of twofold, as denoting to the full, see n. 9103; and from the signification of repaying, as denoting restitution, see n. 9087.

9138 Verses 4, 5. When a man [vir] shall desolate a field or a vineyard, aud shall send in his beast of burden, and shall desolate in the field of another, of the best of his own field, and of the best of his own vineyard, he shall repay. When fire shall go forth, and shall catch hold of thorns, and a heap be consumed, or standing corn, or a field, he that kindled the kindling repay ing shall repay. When a man shall desolate a field or vineyard,