toe. He was also sent to the Emperor. The king, after being married twenty years to Queen Katharine, urged by his love for Anne, determined to have a divorce, and sent his agents all up and down Italy, endeavouring to purchase opinions in his favour from the different learned universities in that country. Nevertheless, he could not get the pope to consent. The pope, however, sent Cardinal Campeggio to preside with Wolsey at a court of justice held thereon. And on a set day the king attended, expecting to hear a decree in his favour. Much to his disappointment, Cardinal Campeggio referred the decision again to Rome, and this result occasioned the downfall of Wolsey.

King Henry's love letters to Anne were stolen from her lodgings and taken by the Cardinal to Rome, and are in the Vatican. It is a wonder that he succeeded in carrying them off, as the king had his baggage searched at Calais, the king alleging that Wolsey was sending treasure to Rome, intending to follow it himself, and thereby escape the king's wrath. In Shakespeare's Henry VIII. he narrates that Wolsey's letters were intercepted, wherein he urged the pope not to grant the divorce.

There was no love lost between the earl (now become so since his father's death in 1527) and the Cardinal, as, in addition to his interfering between him and Anne, he had used him harshly on several occasions, forbidding him to attend his own father's funeral at Beverley Minster, and treated him with many other indignities.* For instance, the Cardinal had required him to deliver up the Service Books in his father's chapel, as appears by the earl's letter (see notes). These various grudges and dislikes eventually led, we may suppose, by a species of poetical justice, to the employment of the earl's services in arresting the Cardinal, whereof we have a long account in Cavendish's 'Life of Wolsey.'

Afterwards the earl was appointed to sit as one of the judges at the trial of Mistress Anne, so that his whole life was a pitiable tragedy; and

• The fourth earl had a most costly funeral at Beverley Minster, costing £1,500, probably £12,000 of our money. A very magnificent monument was erected to his memory in Beverley Minster, some vestiges of which still remain; but that erected in the same church to his countess is still extant in the highest preservation, and is one of the most beautiful sepulchral monuments in this kingdom. These were erected by the father of our earl.

this was the result of the king's sin. For after being married twenty years to, and having children by, Queen Katharine, he fell in love with Mistress Anne, and, as we have seen, employed the Cardinal to put an end to the Lord Percy's understanding (if not engagement) with Mistress Anne, and thereby poisoned and destroyed his whole life. This was the result of the tyrant's conduct, which may be compared to Ahab's or David's. We give now the account of the Earl of Northumberland's arrest of Wolsey.

'My lord's accustomed enemies in the Court about the king having now my lord in more doubt than they had before his fall, considering the continued favour that the king bare him, thought that at length the king might call him home again. And if he so did, they supposed that he would rather imagine against them than to remit or forget their cruelty which they most unjustly imagined against him. Wherefore they compassed in their heads that they would either by some means despatch him by some sinister accusation of treason, or to bring him into the king's indignation by some other ways. This was their imagination and study, having as many spials and as many eyes to attend upon his doings as the poets feigned Argus to have. So that he could neither work nor do anything but that his enemies had knowledge thereof shortly after.

'Now at the last they espied a time wherein they caught an occasion to bring their purpose to pass, thinking thereby to have of him a great advantage, for the matter being once disclosed unto the king in such a vehemency as they purposed, they thought the king would be moved. against him with great displeasure. And that by them executed and done, the king upon their information thought it good that he should come up to stand to his trial, which they liked nothing at all, notwithstanding he was sent for after this sort.

'First they devised that he should come up upon arrest in ward, which they knew right well would so grieve him that he might be the weaker to come into the king's presence to make answer. Wherefore they sent Sir Walter Walshe, knight, one of the gentlemen of the king's Privy Chamber, down into the country with the Earl of Northumberland (who was brought up in my lord's house), and they twain being in

commission jointly to arrest my lord of hault treason. This conclusion fully resolved, they caused Master Walshe to prepare himself to this journey with this commission, and certain instructions annexed to the same, who made him ready to ride, and took his horse at the courtgate about one of the clock at noon upon Allhallown day, towards the north.

'Now am I come to the place where I will declare the thing that I promised you before of a certain token of my lord's trouble, which was this. My lord sitting at dinner upon Allhallown day in Cawood Castle, having at his board's end diverse of his most worthiest chaplains sitting at dinner to keep him company, for lack of strangers, ye shall understand, that my lord's great cross of silver accustomably stood in the corner at the table's end, leaning against the tappet or hanging of the chamber. And when the table's end was taken up, and a convenient time for them to arise, in arising from the table one Doctor Augustine, physician, being a Venetian born, having a boisterous gown of black velvet upon him, as he would have come out at the table's end, his gown overthrew the cross that stood there in the corner, and the cross trailing down along the tappet, it chanced to fall upon Doctor Bonner's head, who stood among others by the tappet making of curtsy to my lord, and with one of the points of the cross razed his head a little that the blood ran down.

'The company standing there were greatly astonied with the chance. My lord sitting in his chair looking upon them, perceiving the chance, demanded of me, being next him, what the matter meant of their sudden abashment. I showed him how the cross fell upon Doctor Bonner's head. "Hath it," quoth he, "drawn any blood ?" "Yea, forsooth, my lord," quoth I, "as it seemeth me." as it seemeth me." With that he cast down his head, looking very soberly upon me a good while without any word speaking; at the last quoth he (shaking of his head): "Malum omen,” and therewith said grace and rose from the table and went into his bedchamber, there lamenting, making his prayers.

'Now mark the signification, how my lord expounded this matter unto me afterward at Pomfret Abbey. First ye shall understand that the cross which belonged to the dignity of York he understood to be him