BANK.

To promote commerce and manufactures, and to forward every undertaking for the benefit of the states, a bank was incorporated by act of congress in 1791, by the style of president, directors, and company of the bank of the United States.-The amount of the capital stock is ten millions of dollars, one-fourth of which is in gold and silver; the other threefourths in that part of the public debt of the United States, which, at the time of payment, bears an accruing interest of six per cent.-Two millions of this capital stock is subscribed by the president in the name of the United States.*

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SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI.

Among the institutions to advance the prosperity of America, we ought to mention the society of CINCINNATI, formed by the American officers, at the close of the war with England, with a view of reconciling the minds of their military brethren to the private life to which they were then returning. -Their declared principles were these" An incessant attention to preserve inviolate the exalted rights and liberties of human nature, for "which they had fought and bled.-An unalterable determination to pro"mote and cherish union and national honour between the respective "states. To render cordial affection and the spirit of brotherly kindness permanent among the officers.-And to extend acts of beneficence "towards those officers and their families who may unfortunately be under "the necessity of receiving it.'

SCIENCES AND LETTERS.

Sciences and letters may be said to owe their foundation in America to doctor Benjamin Franklin.-He was bred a printer; was apprenticed to that art at Philadelphia, and in his earliest years he made every possible advantage of it to diffuse science and knowledge in all its branches among his

countrymen.-Natural and experimental philosophy were his favourite study: and America may be said to have produced her first-fruits of science in the discoveries which this celebrated philosopher made in electricity. --Under his auspices a philosophical society was formed, at Philadelphia in 1769, which was incorporated in 1780. The president's chair was, in 1794, very honourably filled by Mr. Rittenhouse."

With the same view of promoting knowledge, an academy of arts and sciences was incorporated by the state of Massachusets; which, whilst it directed its attention to philosophical objects in general, directed it more particularly to the exploring the antiquities and natural history of America, and discovering the uses to which its natural productions may be applied.

ARMY AND NAVY.

The American States, adhering to the pacific line of policy recommended by Washington and enforced by good sense and a regard to their essential interests, have cautiously avoided embarking in war, or entering into any engagements which may eventually lead to it. Availing themselves of their situation, remote from the seats of those wars which ambition and rivalship have occasioned among the European powers, and making economy the nurse of their infant state, they have avoided the expence of a regular naval force; relying on the resources which their maritime, commercial strength, with their own exertions, would afford them in case of need. They have, also, kept their military establishment very low.-In 1794 it consisted of only five thousand regular troops, enlisted for three years.An augmentation was about the time proposed, on account of the dangers which then threatened the states; but the house of representatives rejected the proposal; choosing rather to rest on their national militia than deviate from their original principles.

ARTICLE II.

GENEALOGY OF SOVEREIGN PRINCES.

THE connexion between the genealogy of sovereign princes and the history of the ages in which they have lived, and the usefulness of the former to illustrate many passages in the latter, may, perhaps, render the following outlines of the pedigrees of the chief families in Europe interesting to the reader.

HOUSE OF AUSTRIA.

According to Moreri, the genealogy of this family cannot be traced with certainty further back than the thirteenth century.-Rodolph count of Hapsburg, who was elected emperor in 1273, has been generally deemed its founder. From him descended Maximilian, who was created archduke of Austria by his father, the emperor Frederic the Third, and was elected emperor in 1486.-By his marriage with Mary, heiress of Charles the Bold duke of Burgundy, he added the extensive and rich dominions of that prince to those of the house of Austria. He had by her several children; of whom the eldest was Philip, who married Joan, heiress of Ferdinand and Isabella, king and queen of Castile and Arragon; by whom he had, beside other children, Charles, founder of the Spanish branch of the house of Austria, and

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and Ferdinand to whom his brother resigned his German dominions in 1556; and who acquired Hungary and Bohemia by his marriage with Anne, heiress of the last king, Ladislaus.-From him descended Maximilian the Second-Rodolph the Second-Matthias-Ferdinand the Second-and Ferdinand the Third, who married the infanta, Mary Anne, daughter of Philip the Third of Spain. On her descent was founded the claim of the archduke Charles to the crown of Spain, which occasioned the war of 1702. By this princess Ferdinand had the emperor LEOPOLD; who had, by his third empress Magdalen Theresa, daughter of Philip elector Palatine, beside other children, the archdukes Joseph and Charles, who were successively raised to the imperial throne in 1705 and 1711.

The emperor Charles the Sixth married Elizabeth of Brunswick Wolfembuttel; and had by her Maria Theresa, married to Stephen duke of Lorrain, and Anne, married to his brother, prince Charles of Lorrain.By default of male heirs, Maria Theresa succeeded to the hereditary dominions of the Austrian house, agreeably to the pragmatic sanction, and accomplished the election of her husband to the imperial crown.

wards' emperor.

This illustrious princess had four sons: Joseph, who succeeded her in 1780, having been raised to the imperial throne on the death of the emperor Stephen in 1765. Peter Leopold, grand duke of Tuscany, afterCharles Anthony, governor of Milan: and Maximilian Xavier archbishop of Cologne. She had also six daughters: Josepha, abbess of Prague; Christiana, married to the duke of Saxe Teschen: Elizabeth, who died unmarried: Amelia, married to the duke of Parma: Caroline, married to the king of Naples: Maria Antoinette, married to Lewis the Sixteenth of France.

Joseph the Second married successively Elizabeth, daughter of the duke of Parma, and Josephina of Bavaria; but had no children.-Peter Leopold, who succeeded him married the infanta, Maria Louisa of Spain, by whom he had seven sons and four daughters.-Dying in 1792, he was succeeded by his son Francis the Second, who was born in 1768.---He married in 1790 Maria Theresa, daughter of the king of Naples, by whom he has three sons and four daughters.

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HOUSE OF AUSTRIA IN SPAIN.

THE archduke Philip, (son of the emperor Maximilian) who was duke of Burgundy in right of his mother, heiress of that duchy, entitled his son to the inheritance of the crowns of Castile and Arragon by his marriage with Joan, heiress of Ferdinand and Isabella. He had by her Charles, who succeeded to those kingdoms by the title of Charles the First, and was elected emperor by that of Charles the Fifth.-Charles resigned the crown of Spain to Philip the Second, his son by Isabella of Portugal, in 1555.Philip the Second was succeeded in 1598 by Philip the Third, his son by Anne, daughter of the emperor Maximilian the Second.-Philip the Third married Margaret, daughter of Charles archduke of Gratz; by whom he had his successor, Philip the Fourth-Anne Mary, married to Lewis the Thirteenth-Mary Anne, married to the emperor Ferdinand the Third, and other children.-Philip the Fourth succeeded his father in 1821. He had by his first queen, Elizabeth, daughter of Henry the Fourth of France, Maria Theresa, married to Lewis the Fourteenth-and by his second queen, Mary Anne, daughter of the emperor Ferdinand the Third, he had his successor, Charles the Second-Maria Margaret Theresa, married to the emperor Leopold, and other children who died unmarried.

Charles the second, son of Philip the Fourth, and the last sovereign of the house of Austria, was born 1661 and succeeded his father 1665.—He married, 1679, Maria Louisa, daughter of Philip duke of Orleans.-She dying without children in 1689, he, the same year, married Mary Anne, daughter of Philip-W. elector of Bavaria.-The king having no heir, the succession to his dominions became a concern which very deeply interested the powers of Europe; who were apprehensive that the balance of power would be destroyed, should this rich inheritance be added either to the kingdom of France or the Austrian dominions. To prevent this a partitiontreaty was formed in 1689, by which the crown of Spain was given to the electoral prince of Bavaria; Naples, Sicily, and some other territories in Italy to the dauphin; and Milan to the archduke Charles. But on the

death