A COMPENDIOUS VIEW OF UNIVERSAL HISTORY

1797.-

1798.

1799.-
1800.-

1802.-

-NEGOTIATIONS at Lisle.-Unsuccessful.-Distress arising from the want
of specie and failure of banks.-Warm debates relative to this subject.-
Mutinies in the fleet.-Naval victories.-Happy change of circumstances.
-Insurrections in different parts of Ireland.-United Irishmen.-Lord Corn-
wallis appointed lord lieutenant.-State of Ireland.-Invasion of it by the
French.-Measures for national defence.-Negotiations with foreign states.
-Union of Ireland brought forward.-Debates on it.-Expedition to Holland.
-Merits of the negotiation with France discussed.--Great Britain aids the
emperor with money.-Expedition against Holland discussed.-Suspension of
the habeas corpus continued.-The union is accomplished.-Tumultuous pro-
ceedings in London.-The king is fired at in the theatre. (Note.)-A
negotiation with France.-Expedients adopted to remedy the dearth.

-Debates in parliament on the merits of the contest with Denmark.-

Change of ministry.-Negotiations with Denmark.-Expedition to the Baltic.

-Siege of Copenhagen.--Death of the emperor of Russia.-Treaty with

Denmark and Russia.-Negotiations with France.-Preliminaries of peace

signed.

Definitive treaty signed at Amiens.-State of Great Britain at the close of
the war compared with that of other kingdoms.

-INVASION of Holland by the English and Russians.-See England.

A new constitution is framed.

-Treaty of peace with Great Britain.

FRANCE.

iii

1798.-

FRANCE.

1797. STATE of the kingdom.-Events of the campaign in Italy.-Transactions with
the pope and hard conditions of peace imposed on him.-Events of the cam-
paign continued.-Patriotism of the Austrian nobles, &c.-Treaty of Leoben.
-Military events in Germany.-Conduct of Venice and ruin of that repub-
lic.-Assigned to the emperor by the treaty of Campo Formio.-Formation
of the Cisalpine republic.-Naval war with England.-Contest with the
English in St. Domingo.-Naval events in the Channel.-Domestic events and
state of parties. Strong measures of the prevailing party to confirm their
power.-Banishment of their adversaries.

-Means used to deceive the people.-Scheme for the conquest of Switzerland.

--Predisposing causes of its conquest.-State of the country.-Conduct of the

cantons towards France.-Events leading to a revolution in them.-Irresolute

conduct of the council of Berne.-Military events.-The French reduce the

partisans of the old government.-New constitution.-Severe contributions.—

Reflections.-Affairs of the see of Rome.-Imprudent conduct of the pope

affords the French a plea for a revolution.-Pius is removed, first to Sienna

and afterwards to Florence.-Severe contributions.-Disappointment of the

people. Comparison of the late and present government.-Insurrections.-

Oppressive proceedings in the Cisalpine republic.-In Switzerland.—In Hol-

land. Towards the king of Sardinia.-The emperor and king of Naples

prepare again for war.-Buonaparte's expedition to Egypt.-Reduction of

Malta and Alexandria.-Subsequent successes.-Victory of the English fleet.

-King of Naples resumes his arms.-King of Sardinia oppressed.-Military

events in Italy.

1799.-

-Congress of Rastadt.-Account of from the opening in 1798.-Offence given

to the French ambassador at Vienna.-Disastrous termination of the con-

gress.-Suworow takes the field in Italy and the archduke in Germany.-

Events of the campaign on the Swiss frontier.-On the Rhine.-The cam-

paign takes a turn in favour of France.-Events of the campaign in Italy.

-Campaign in Egypt.-Buonaparte's situation. Model of government for

Egypt. The natives suspect his designs.-Their enmity towards the French.

He marches towards Syria.-Affair of Jaffa.-Siege of Acre.-Means adopted

by Buonaparte to prevent the ill consequences of his repulse there.-Mea-

sures relative to arts and sciences. He returns to France. His reception.—

Characters of Buonaparte and Sieyes.-Measures preparatory to the revolu-

tion.

tion. The revolution effected. See the new constitution in an appendix to

this year.

1800. First consul's politic measures.-Affairs of the royalists.-Negotiations with
England. His object in them.-Effects of the emperor Paul's defection.--
Arrangements for the campaign.-Events of it in Germany.-In Italy.-
Affairs with the duke of Tuscany.-Armistice with the imperialists in
Italy. Close of the campaign and war in Germany.-The emperor treats
separately.-State of Kleber's army in Egypt.-His good conduct.--His
negotiations and treaty of El-Arisch.-Events of the campaign.-He is mur-
dered. Succeeded by Menou.

1801.

1802.-

-Influence of the death of the emperor of Russia on the affairs of Europe.
-Expedition to Egypt.-Events of the campaign there.-Death of Aber-
crombie. Subsequent events.-Capitulation at Cairo.-At Alexandria.-Expe-
dition projected against England.-State of England.-Naval events.-War
with Portugal.-Negotiations for peace.-Preliminaries.-Principles of Buona-
parte's domestic and foreign policy.-Treaties with Russia and the German
powers. Measures respecting a church establishment.
-Congress at Amiens.-Treaty of peace signed there.-Reflections on it.