P. Well then, how canst thou, a christian prince, do that which thou so utterly condemnest in these people whom thou callest savages? Yes, friend Charles; and suppose, again, that these Indians, on thy refusal to give up thy island of Great Britain, were to make war on thee, and, having weap ons more destructive than thine, were to destroy many of thy subjects, and to drive the rest away,-wouldst thou not think it horribly crúel? C. I must say that I should, friend William; how can I say otherwise? P. Well then, how can I. who call myself a Christian, do what I should abhor even in heathens? No, I will not do it. But I will buy the right of the proper owners, even of the Indians themselves. By doing this, I shall imitate God himself, in his justice and mercy, and thereby insure lis blessing on my colony, if I should ever live to plant one in North America. QUESTIONS.-1. What had Charles sold to William Penn? 2. Was the king willing he shot go and live on it? 3. What did he think would be Penn's only security? 4. On what did Penn rely for defense? 5. Why did he say the Indians had been harbarous ? 6. How did Penn intend to get their lands? 7. How did he prove that the right of discovery was no legal right? Why has America, in the second remark of Charles, the rising inflection? (Rule 1. Note II.) What similar examples in the lesson can you mention? What inflection do exclamations ordinarily take? On what principle are them and me emphatic, near the middle of the lesson? LESSON XCII. SPELL AND DEFINE.-1. Transports, high states of feelings; raptures. 2. Affable, easy of conversation; kind. 3. Implicit, fully understood, though not expressed in words. 4. Congratulations, expressions of satisfaction at some act or event. Cheerfulness.--ADDISON. 1. I HAVE always preferred cheerfulness to mirth. latter, I consider an act-the former, a habit of the mind. Mirth is short and transient, cheerfulness fixed and perina nent. Those are often raised to the greatest transports of mirth, who are subject to the greatest depressions of melan choly; on the contrary, cheerfulness, though it does not give the mind such an exquisite gladness, prevents us from falling into any depths of sorrow. Mirth is like a flash of lightning, that leaps through a gloom of clouds, and glitters for a moment; cheerfulness keeps up a kind of daylight in the mind, and fills it with a steady, perpetual serenity. 2. If we consider cheerfulness in three lights, with regard to ourselves, to those with whom we converse, and to the great Author of our being, it will not a little recommend itself on each of these accounts. The man who is possessed of this excellent frame of mind, is not only easy in his thoughts, but a perfect master of all the powers and faculties. of his soul; his imagination is always clear, and his judg ment undisturbed; his temper is even and unruffled, whether in society or in solitude. He comes with a relish to all those goods which nature has provided for him, tastes all the pleasures of the creation which are bestowed upon him, and does not feel the full weight of those accidental evils which may befall him. 3. If we consider him in relation to the persons with whom he converses, it naturally produces love and goodwill towards him. A cheerful mind is not only disposed to be affable and obliging, but raises the same good humor in those who come within its influence. A man finds himself pleased, he knows not why, with the cheerfulness of his companion: it is like a sudden sunshine, that awakens a sacred delight in the mind, though unconscious of its presence. The heart rejoices of its own accord, and naturally flows out into friendship and benevolence, towards the person who has so kindly an effect upon it. 4. When I consider this cheerful state of mind in its third relation, I can not but look upon it as a constant, habitual gratitude to the Author of nature. An inward cheerfulness is an implicit praise and thanksgiving to Provi dence under all its dispensations. It is a kind of acquies cence in the state wherein we are placed, and a secret approbation of the divine will in his conduct towards men. 5. A man who uses his best endeavors to live according to the dictates of virtue and right reason, has two perpetual sources of cheerfulness, in the consideration of his own nature, and of that Being on whom he has a dependence. If he looks into himself, he can not but rejoice in that exist ence, which has been so lately bestowed upon him, and which, after millions of ages, will be still new-still in its beginning. 6. How many self-congratulations naturally rise in the mind, when it reflects on this-its entrance into eternity; when it takes a view of those improvable faculties, which, in a few years, and even at its first setting out, have made so considerable a progress, and which will be still receiving an increase of perfection, and consequently an increase of happiness! The consciousness of such a being spreads a perpetual diffusion of joy through the soul of a virtuous man. and makes him look upon himself, every moment, as having more happiness than he knows how to enjoy. 7. The second source of cheerfulness to a good mind, is its consideration of that Being on whom we have our dependence, and in whom, though we behold Him as yet but in the first faint discoveries of His perfections, we see every thing that we can imagine as great, glorious, or amiable We find ourselves every where upheld by His goodness, and surrounded with an immensity of love and mercy. short, we depend upon a Being, whose power qualifies Him to make us happy by an infinity of means, and whose goodness and truth engage Him to make those happy, who desire it. In 8. Such considerations, which every one should perpetually cherish in his thoughts, will banish from us all that secret heaviness of heart to which unthinking men are subject, when they lie under no real affliction,-all that anguish which we may feel from any evil that actually oppresses us, --to which I may likewise add, those little cracklings of mirth and folly that are more apt to betray virtue than support it, and establish in us such an even and cheerful temper as makes us pleasing to ourselves, to those with whom we converse, and to Him whom we are made to please. QUESTIONS.-1. How does cheerfulness compare with mirth? 2. In what three lights is cheerfulness regarded? 3. What is said of a man possessed of this frame of mind? 4. How is cheerfulness considered in relation to others? 5. How in its third relation? 6. What two sources of cheerfulness has the man who lives according to the dictates of virtue? 7. What satisfaction has the man in contemplating his entrance on eternity? 8. What is said of the second source of cheerfulness? 9. What effect have the considerations of the divine goodness upon us? What examples of antithetic emphasis are found in the first verse ? What inflection at the commas, second verse, and what Rule for the same? What at the semicolons, same verse, and why? What inflection prevails in the last verse? How are subject and apt, last verse, often erroneously pronounced? How is establish parsed, last verse? LESSON XCIII. SPELL AND DEFINE.-1. Inhospitable, affording no conveniences or assistance to strangers. 2. Tin' y, very small. 3. Founder, fill with water, and sink. 4. Hemisphere, a half globe. 5. Originally, at first. 6. Impunity, freedom from injury. 7. Leeward. pertaining to that to wards which the wind blows.-8. Dower, portion. 9. Navies, fleets of ships. 10. Mew, a kind of sea-fowl. 11. Canvas, the sails of ships. The Ocean.-QUARTERLY REVIEW, 1. On the surface of the globe, there is no where to be found so inhospitable a desert as the wide blue sea. At any distance from land there is nothing in it for man to eatnothing in it that he can drink. His tiny foot no sooner rests upon it, than he sinks into his grave. In it grow neither fruits nor flowers. 2. It offers sameness to the mind, restless motion to the body; and when, besides all this, one reflects that it is the wind-the most fickle of the elements, that vessels of all sizes are to supplicate for assistance while sailing in every direction to their various destinations, it would almost seem that the ocean was divested of charms, and armed with storms, to prevent our being persuaded to enter its dominions. 3. But though the situation of a ship in a heavy gale of wind, appears indescribably terrific, yet, practically speaking, its security is so great, that it is truly said ships seldom, or never founder in deep water, except from accident, or inattention. How ships manage to get across that still region, that ideal line which separates the opposite trade-winds of each hemisphere; how a small box of men manages, unlabeled. to be buffeted for months up one side of a wave and down the other; how they ever get out of the abysses into which they sink; and how, after such pitching and tossing, they reach in safety the very harbor in their native country from which they originally departed, can, and ought only to be accounted for, by acknowledging how truly it hath been written, "that the Spirit of God moves upon the face of the waters." 4. It is not, then, from the ocean itself that man has so much to tear. The earth and the water each affords to him a life of considerable security; yet there exists between these two elements an everlasting war, into which no passing vessel can enter with impunity; for of all the terrors of this world there is surely no one greater than that of being on a leeward shore in a gale of wind, and in shallow water. On this account it is natural enough that the fear of land is as strong in a sailor's heart, as his attachment to it; and when, homeward bound, he, day after day, approaches his own latitude, his love and his fear of his native shores increase as the distance from them diminishes. 5. Two fates, the most opposite in their extremes, are shortly to await him. The sailor-boy fancifully pictures to himself that in a few short hours he will be once again by the fireside of his parents. The able seaman better knows that it may be decreed for him, as it has been decreed for thousands, that in gaining his point he shall lose its object -that his native land, with all its virtues, may fade before his eyes, and, "While he sinks without an arm to save, His country blooms-a garden and a grave." 1. LIKENESS of heaven! agent of power! 2. What are the riches of Mexico's mines, To the wealth that far down in thy deep water shìnes? The proud navies that cover the conquering westThou fling'st them to death with one heave of thy breast? 3. From the high hills that view thy wreck-making shore, When the bride of the mariner shrieks at thy róar; When, like lambs in the tempest, or mews in the blast, 4. How humbling to one with a heart and a soul, 5. Yes! where are the cities of Thebes and of Tyre? |