ed a very rational invitation; but eight orthodox clergymen immediately took their names off the rolls, while the General Association of clergymen in Massachusetts launched a pastoral letter against the speaking of women in public. The division of sentiment on this important question reached a climax at the annual convention of the American Antislavery ISAAC PITMAN. As half the slaves were females, this seem- | have not mentioned the societies for the reform of prisons and their inmates, and for the abolition of capital punishment, nor a host of minor traits, like the popular lectures on anatomy, illustrated with manikins, or Professor Gouraud's lectures at the New York Tabernacle on phrenomnemotechny-a new system of mnemonics in ten lessons of one hour each, insuring "a memory of incalculable powers of retention." We have not even alluded to phonography, a name first borne on the title of the second edition of Isaac Pitman's Stenographic Hand-Book in January, 1840. What remains to be emphasized, in order to bind all these together into the "spirit of the age," is the interlacing of them. Theodore Parker, as we have seen, could give attention (not necessarily sympathy) to half a dozen causes. Graham, in addition to temperance and dietetics, we find lecturing on the watercure in 1845. Fowler and Wells thirty years ago advertised as part of their regular list "the works of Gall, Spurzheim, Combe, and Graham, together with all works on phrenology, physiology, and magnetism; also on the water-cure;" and in the same connection the following titles:- Woman: her Education and Influence; Tobacco: its Use and Abuse; Tea and Coffee; Temperance and Tight Lacing; Phonographic Class - Book and Reader, etc. Their successors have this year (1879) put forth a translation of Deleuze's Practical Instruction in Animal Magnetism. On the other hand, the current list of publications of the New Church Board of Publication, New York, begins with Swedenborg's theological works, and adds what it calls " collateral works,' among which we find Ellis's Family Homoeopathy (!). It is but a few years since the Oneida Community gave up, with an effort almost equivalent to a moral scruple, the use of Graham bread as a staple and orthodox article of socialistic diet. In New England, within twenty years, in certain circles, it has seemed strange that any one who was a homoeopathist could be at the same time a Calvinist; and Dr. Holmes's intolerance of homoeopathy has been deemed inconsistent with his ardent Unitarianism. This may seem ridiculous, but there is here a nexus between premise and conclusion which is real if not logical. We can not pause to point it out. Society in New York in May, 1840. The chairman, Francis Jackson, of Boston, placed on one of the committees Miss Abby Kelley, a well-known lecturer (afterward Mrs. Stephen Foster), and the split then declared itself. Henceforth the "Old Organization" went its way, welcoming without question all who were opposed to slavery, the "New Organization" declining all fellowship with women and infidels. At another time it may be in place to narrate what happened a little later in the same eventful year, when the question of the sexes sitting and acting together for a philanthropic purpose arose in the World's Antislavery Convention in London. The two incidents in the metropolis of the Old and in that of the New World make the year 1840 the proper one from which to date the woman's rights movement, and both markedly show its relation to the antislavery cause. We stop here, but not because our subject is exhausted. One must turn over the newspapers of the time to realize the character of the period 1835-1845, of which we have dwelt on a few phases. We 66 THE SHEPHERDS OF COLORADO. AS1 sat, on a summer afternoon, on the balcony of El Paso Club, at Colorado Springs, I found myself inclined to meditation. Before me, and not far away, rose that beautiful Cheyenne Mountain (Chy-ann, they call it in the West) of which poor Fitz Hugh Ludlow said: "Its height is several thousand feet less than Pike's, but its contour is so noble and massive that this disadvantage is overlooked. There is a unity of conception in it unsurpassed by any mountain I have ever seen. It is full of living power. In the declining daylight its vast simple surface becomes the broadest mass of blue and purple shadow that ever lay on the easel of nature." I felt that I quite agreed with Mr. Ludlow, even if I failed to put the matter quite so expansively; and then my attention was diverted by a mule team, with the driver lying on his load, and just over it a sign, on which was, "Wines and Liquors"-very large -and, "for medical purposes"-very small; and I thought that it would befit a man to be on good terms with his doctor in this place, even if he belonged to the "Moderate Drinkers' Association." Next it came forcibly to my mind that a wandering writer might think himself exceptionally fortunate to find, at the base of the Rocky Mountains, a capital club with sage-green paper on the wall, if you please, and a gilt dado, and Eastlake furniture; and then I could not help thinking how little our people really know of the history, or geography, or resources, of this part of their great country. In 1540 Coronado was sent into this region by those old fellow-Spaniards of his who were consumed with the auri sacra fames, that fierce hunger for gold, which induced them to scour the earth in search of it, just as it has sent a good many people who are not Spaniards into regions wild and desert. Eighty years before the Pilgrim Fathers landed at Plymouth he was perilously traversing the San Luis Park, and perhaps seeing the Wet Mountain Valley lying, as it does to-day, green and fertile between the two ranges; and he went away disappointed, after all. Then, in 1806, when Mr. Jefferson was President, and Aaron Burr was engaged in his treasonable conspiracy to found a new empire west VOL LX-No. 356.-13 He of the Alleghanies, General Wilkinson ordered Lieutenant Zebulon Pike, an adventurous and persevering officer of the United States army, to proceed westward, and explore the region between the Missouri and the frontier of Mexico. left St. Louis on the 24th of June, and camped in the foot-hills at this point on the 25th of November. Now I had made the same journey in 1879, and beaten Pike hollow, for I left St. Louis at 9.15 P. M. on a Thursday, and arrived at the same place as he at 5 P.M. on Saturday, and I would not camp for the world, but was assigned a room by a hotel clerk with eyeglasses. I sympathized with Pike in one thing, however, as must many travellers, including the Englishman who wouldn't jump the three-foot irrigating ditch because he "couldn't tell, by Jove! you know, that the blasted thing wasn't three-quarters of a mile wide." Pike saw the great peak on the 15th of November, when he says that it "appeared like a small blue cloud." On the 17th he "marched at the usual hour, pushed with the idea of arriving at the mountains; but found at night no visible difference in their appearance from yesterday." And on the 25th he again "marched early, with expectation of ascending the mountain, but was only able to camp at its base." Poor Pike! he was modest, for he called it Mexican Mountain, and left others to give it his name; and he was a brave patriot, for, after serving his country faithfully, he laid down his life for her at Toronto in 1813. 66 A great big thing with ice on, You seem to be up there. 'Away above the timber-line You lift your frosty head, And thunder-storms are bred. It was the "old, old story" which turned the tide of migration in this direction. People probably never wanted gold more than after the panic of 1857, and the reports of its finding here in 1858 caused such a stampede across the plains as has never been equalled, except in early Californian days. Events moved rapidly, and in the winter of 1860-61 a Territorial Legislature, numbering some twenty-five devoted patriots, met at Colorado City, just about where Pike and Fremont had camped. Candor compels one to state that the surroundings were not those of grandeur or pomp; rather of a stern and Spartan simplicity. The State-house is still standing. Tradition states that it contained three rooms; in one the members met, in one they slept, the third contained the bar! In the course of the proceedings a motion was made to transfer the seat of government to Denver. And we carried our point," said a most entertaining pioneer, with whom it was my good fortune to converse, "because we had the best wagon, and four mules, and the most whiskey. In fact," he added, sententiously, “I rather think that we had a kind of a wagon capital most of the time in those 66 Again, in 1843, Fremont, the "Path-days." finder" now living quietly in Arizona as The Colonel and the Commodore rode Governor of "the Marvellous Country"- into Colorado City from the north one reached the base of this peak, and wrote bright moonlight evening, musing on its about it; but still, in the imagination of departed glories. In the pale, glimmerthe average American citizen, it lay be- ing light the rear view of a pretentious yond the "Great American Desert," as re- brick and adobe building brought faint mote as Greenland, as mystical as the De- suggestions of Syria to their minds, and lectable Mountains. Of white men only the flat-roofed dwellings of Palestine. a few saw it-the scattered trappers and The Commodore with a pensive air drew fur traders, camping, perhaps, on the Fon-his pencil from his pocket. Alas! anothtaine, and drinking from the Soda Spring (price nothing per glass), as they passed down from their little forts to winter on the Arkansas; and perhaps it was some of them who gave utterance to the sentiments which a Western poet has paraphrased as follows: "I'm looking at your lofty head Away up in the air, Eight thousand feet above the plain Where grows the prickly-pear. er moment dispelled our visions: in this Oriental dwelling they bottle lager-beer; in a wooden building opposite they drink it (largely). I believe that "Hay and Feed" are sold in the ancient Capitol. A young lady, accompanied by a gentleman in a linen duster and wide felt hat, passed in a buggy, and was heard to ask, "Oh, ain't this real pleasant?" and a stray burro, emerging into the road, lifted up his voice in a wail that sounded like a dirge for the departed statesmen and lost greatness of Colorado City. The Commodore murmured: "Sic transit gloria mundi. I know that amount of Latin, anyhow;" and struck the horse viciously with the whip. Later on, he was seen drawing, with a savage expression on his face-an expression altogether indicative of vanished illusions. But if Colorado City is a thing of the past, Colorado Springs is a bright and flourishing little city of the present. When one conceives, however, the intention of describing it, he is fain to ask himself, "What shall the man do that cometh after the king?" Not only has the special correspondent bankrupted himself in adjectives long ago, but, as is well known, a charming lady writer, whose praise is in all the book review columns, has established her home in a pretty vine-clad house on a pleasant street in the town itself, and made due and varied record of her impressions and experiences. The colony (for such it is, and containing MOVING THE CAPITAL. UNDER THE ROSE. now some 4000 souls) lies on a little narrow-gauge railroad, starting at Denver, running at present to Southern Colorado and San Juan, and destined and confidently expected, say its friends, to establish its ultimate terminal station in one of those "halls of the Montezumas" of which we so often hear. It is a charm of this country that its residents are filled, with a large and cheering, if somewhat vague, hopefulness, and there is no doubt that the station agent at Colorado Springs beguiles his leisure, when not selling the honest miner a ticket for El Moro or Alamosa, with roseate visions of dispatching the "City of Mexico Fast Express," and checking luggage for Chihuahua and Guaymas. The little city is undeniably growing, and it has pleasant residences, well-stocked stores, water from the mountains, and a college and gas-works in prospect. An inspection of the forms of deeds of property and of the municipal regulations will satisfy the most skeptical inquirer that the sale of beer, wines, and liquors is most strictly prohibited, unless "for medical purposes," and on the certificate of a physician. Now the Colonel knew that the town was founded by some worthy Pennsylvania Quakers, and he told the Commodore all about these regulations, and how rigid and effective they were; but he regretted to notice a tendency on the part of the latter worthy to disbelieve some of the statements made to him, especially since his visit to Colorado City. He made a remark, common to naval men, about "telling that to the marines," and went with a growing cynicism of manner proceeded to demonstrate, with as much mathematical exactness as if working up his longitude or "taking a lunar," that the support of the number of drug stores which he had seen would involve the furnishing to each able-bodied inhabitant of a per diem allowance of two average prescriptions, one and one-half tooth-brushes, three glasses of soda (with syrup), five yards of sticking-plaster, and a bottle of perfumery. He also muttered something about this being "too thin." During that evening he was missed from his accustomed haunts, and in the morning placed in the Colonel's hands a sketch which he said was given him by a wicked young man whom he had met in the street. It purported to represent a number of people partaking of beer in a place which bore no resemblance to a druggist's shop; but as the Colonel knew very well that such practices were prohibited in the town, he assured his friend that it must have been taken in some other place. Colorado Springs it was that killed poor Colorado City, only about three miles to the westward, and all that is left to the latter is the selling of lager-beer in serene lawlessness, while the former is the county town, and has a court-house, and a fine school building of light-colored stone, and a hotel very pleasantly situated in view of the mountains. Down from the Divide comes the Monument Creek, joining, just below the town, the Fontaine qui Bouille, which we shall byand-by see at Manitou, and away up in the Ute Pass. Along the wide central street or avenue (and what fine names they have!-Cascade, Willamette, Tejon, Nevada, and Huerfano), and up the grade toward the pass and the South Park, go the great canvas-covered four-mule teams, bound, "freighting," for Fairplay, Leadville, and "the Gunnison." But we must go five miles northwest (the Commodore would ride his burro Montezuma, and the Colonel positively refused, and took a horse), and climb Austin's Bluffs, and look out. To the north rises the Divide, nearly as high above the sea as Sherman, on the Union Pacific Railroad. Westward the great mountains seem to have taken on thousands of feet in height, and to loom up with added grandeur. Away at the south, whither the course of the Fontaine is marked by the line of cottonwood-trees, are seen the |