us. Then you still stand in, as if you could not see them; and they begin to laugh, and draw inshore; knowing the bilander as they do, they will hug the cliffs for you to run into their jaws. Tom and I bear off, all sail, never allowing them to sight We crack on to the north and south, and by that time it will be nearly dark. You still carry on, till they know that you must see them; then 'bout ship, and crowd sail to escape. They give chase, and you lead them out to sea, and the longer you carry on, the better. Then, as they begin to fore-reach, and threaten to close, you 'bout ship again, as in despair, run under their counters, and stand in for the bay. They may fire at you; but it is not very likely, for they would not like to sink such a valuable prize; though nobody else would have much fear of that." "Captain, I laugh at their brass kettlepots. They may blaze away as blue as verdigris. Though an Englishman haven't no right to be shot at, only by a Frenchman." "Very well, then, you hold on, like a Norfolk man, through the thickest of the enemy. Nelson is a Norfolk man; and you charge through as he does. You bear right on, and rig a gangway for the landing, which puts them all quite upon the scream. All three cutters race after you pell-mell, and it is much if they do not run into one another. You take the beach, stem on, with the tide upon the ebb, and by that time it ought to be getting on for midnight. What to do then, I need not tell you; but make all the stand you can to spare us any hurry. But don't give the knock-down blow if you can help it; the lawyers make such a point of that, from their intimacy with the prizefighters." Clearly perceiving their duty now, these three men braced up loin, and sailed to execute the same accordingly. For invaders and defenders were by this time in real earnest with their work, and sure alike of having done the very best that could be done. With equal confidence on either side, a noble triumph was expected, while the people on the dry land shook their heads and were thankful to be out of it. Carroway, in a perpetual ferment, gave no peace to any of his men, and never entered his own door; but riding, rowing, or sailing up and down, here and there and everywhere, set an example of unflagging zeal, which was largely And yet he was admired and avoided. not the only remarkably active man in the neighborhood; for that great fact, and universal factor, Geoffrey Mordacks, was entirely here. He had not broken the heart of Widow Precious by taking up his quarters at the Thornwick Inn, as she at first imagined, but loyally brought himself and his horse to her sign-post for their Sunday dinner. Nor was this all, but he ordered the very best bedroom, and the "coral parlor"—as he elegantly called the sea-weedy room-gave every child, whether male or female, sixpence of new mintage, and created such impression on her widowed heart that he even won the privilege of basting his own duck. Whatever this gentleman did never failed to reflect equal credit on him and itself. But thoroughly well as he basted his duck, and efficiently as he consumed it, deeper things were in his mind, and moving with every mouthful. If Captain Carroway labored hard on public and royal service, no less severely did Mordacks work, though his stronger sense of self-duty led him to feed the labor better. On the Monday morning he had a long and highly interesting talk with the magisterial rector, to whom he set forth certain portions of his purpose, loftily spurning entire concealment, according to the motto of his life. "You see, sir," he said, as he rose to depart, "what I have told you is very important, and in the strictest confidence, of course, because I never do anything on the sly." "Mr. Mordacks, you have surprised me," answered Dr. Upround; "though I am not so very much wiser at present. I really must congratulate you upon your activity, and the impression you create.” "Not at all, sir, not at all. It is my manner of doing business, now for thirty years or more. Moles and fools, sir, work under-ground, and only get traps set for them; I travel entirely above-ground, and go ten miles for their ten inches. My strategy, sir, is simplicity. Nothing puzzles rogues so much, because they can not believe it." "The theory is good; may the practice prove the same! I should be sorry to be against you in any case you undertake. In the present matter I am wholly with you, so far as I understand what it is. Still, Flamborough is a place of great difficulties-" "The greatest difficulty of all would be to fail, as I look at it. Especially with your most valuable aid.” 66 'What little I can do shall be most | it, that such a state of things shall be readily forth - coming. But remember shortly of the past. I will bring back there is many a slip- If you had interfered but one month ago, how much easier it might have been!" "Truly. But I have to grope my way; and it is a hard people, as you say, to deal with. But I have no fear, sir; I shall overcome all Flamborough, unless-unless, what I fear to think of, there should happen to be bloodshed." "There will be none of that, Mr. Mordacks; we are too skillful, and too gentle, for anything more than a few cracked crowns." "Then everything is as it ought to be. But I must be off; I have many points to see to. How I find time for this affair is the wonder." "But you will not leave us, I suppose, until-until what appears to be expected has happened?" "When I undertake a thing, Dr. Upround, my rule is to go through with it. You have promised me the honor of an interview at any time. Good-by, sir; and pray give the compliments of Mr. Mordacks to the ladies.' Captain Carroway, madam, to his sweet and most beautifully situated home, and with tidings which shall please you." "It is kind of you not to tell me the good news now, sir. I shall enjoy it so much more, to see my husband hear it. Good-by, and I hope that you will soon be back again." While Mr. Mordacks was loading the children with all that they made soft mouths at, he observed for the second time three men who appeared to be taking much interest in his doings. They had sauntered aloof while he called at the cottage, as if they had something to say to him, but would keep it until he had finished there. But they did not come up to him as he expected; and when he had seen the small Carroways home, he rode up to ask what they wanted with him. "Nothing, only this, sir," the shortest of them answered, while the others pretended not to hear; we was told that yon was Smuggler's house, and we thought that your Honor was the famous Captain Lyth." "If I ever want a man," said the general factor, "to tell a lie with a perfect face, I shall come here and look for you, my friend." The man looked at him, and smiled, and nodded, as much as to say, "You might get it done worse," and then carelessly followed his comrades toward the sea. And Mr. Mordacks, riding off with equal jauntiness, cocked his hat, and stared at the Priory Church as if he had never seen any such building before. "I begin to have a very strong suspicion," he said to himself as he put his With even more than his usual confidence and high spirits the general factor mounted horse and rode at once to Bridlington, or rather to the quay thereof, in search of Lieutenant Carroway. But Carroway was not at home, and his poor wife said, with a sigh, that now she had given up expecting him. "Have no fear, madam; I will bring him back," Mordacks answered, as if he already held him by the collar. "I have very good news, madam, very grand news for him, and you, and all these lovely and highly intelligent children. Place me, madam, un-horse along, "that this is the place where der the very deepest obligation by allowing these two little dears to take the basket I see yonder, and accompany me to that apple stand. I saw there some fruit of a sort which used to fit my teeth most wonderfully when they were just the size of theirs. And here is another little darling, with a pin-before infinitely too spotless. If you will spare her also, we will do our best to take away that reproach, ma'am." "Oh, sir, you are much too kind. But to speak of good news does one good. It is so long since there has been any, that I scarcely know how to pronounce the words." "Mistress Carroway, take my word for the main attack will be. Signs of a wellsuppressed activity are manifest to an experienced eye like mine. All the grocers, the bakers, the candlestick-makers, and the women, who always precede the men, are mightily gathered together. And the men are holding counsel in a milder way. They have got three jugs at the old boathouse for the benefit of holloaing in the open air. Moreover, the lane inland is scored with a regular market-day of wheels, and there is no market this side of the old town. Carroway, vigilant captain of men, why have you forsaken your domestic hearth? Is it through jealousy of Nettlebones, and a stern resolve to be ahead of him? Robin, my Robin, is a genius in tactics, a very bright Napoleon | or injury lies to some extent within our of free trade. He penetrates the coun- power, and were the means to this end sels, or, what is more, the feelings, of those more generally known, less suffering who camp against him. He means to would ensue; but before describing someland this great emprise at Captain Carro- what generally the affections thus liable way's threshold. True justice on the man to be met with, together with the methods for sleeping out of his own bed so long! to be adopted for the preservation of the But instead of bowing to the blow, he ear, I shall briefly describe the organ conwould turn a downright maniac, accord- cerned, with the view to make the subject ing to all I hear of him. Well, it is no more clearly understood. concern of mine, so long as nobody is killed, which everybody makes such a fuss about." TH THE PRESERVATION OF HE development of the mind is subordinate to that healthy physical condition of the body where a normal state of the special senses is assured; when, therefore, a child's hearing is defective, its edu- | In the accompanying diagram are represented the portions of the ear most essential to the illustration of the text: a description of the more intricate parts of the inner ear would carry the writer beyond the scope of this paper. The ear, as seen in the diagram, consists of a tube whose irregular calibre contains the sound-conducting mechanism. This tube extends inwardly from the auricle in a curved direction along the base of the head to the back of the nose, where it communicates with the throat. The tube thus receives at both extremities the air in which the tympanic membrane vibrates. At the auricular opening, A, the tube's diameter is from onefifth to one-third of an inch; its length from this opening to the tympanic membrane is about one inch and a quarter. The drum, C, is a line or two in thickness, and half an inch in height and width. From the drum to the throat the passage D is known as the Eustachian tube: it is a little more than one inch in length. The tube passes on its way from the auricle to the throat through a dense bone; in this unyielding tissue the drum has the firm support necessary for the performance of its functions. The entrance to the cation is obtained under disadvantages, | drum from without is guarded by the and its intellect is generally more or less imperfect. As respects hearing, however, the writer would not have it inferred that its loss constitutes the only aural trouble of importance; for inflammation and discharge from the ears are common affections, the excruciating pain of the former not being exceeded in severe cases by that of any other disease, and when not arrested the patient is liable to grave complications. The protection of the ear from disease tympanic membrane, B, which is stretched tightly, like the head of a drum, across the tube. The membrane, besides dividing the tube in twain, protects the delicate drum cavity and contained mechanism from the cold external air and foreign bodies. The membrane is composed of skin which is not of greater thickness than tissue-paper. Hearing takes place when the aerial vibrations of which sound is composed enter the ear at A, and move the tym panic membrane to and fro. The mem-ing movement on the part of the small brane's movements are transmitted to the The conductive mechanism of the ear consists of the tympanic membrane and the small bones which are contained in the drum cavity. The affections that produce pathological changes in this mechanism are the ones with which we have mostly to deal in this connection. This apparatus is situated in that portion of the tube where protection from violent blows, falls, etc., is afforded by the dense osseous walls that nearly surround it. Its pregnable approaches are the portals of entrance and exit for the tube; these can not prevent the forcible entrance of air or water to the drum cavity from either extremity of the tube; either may excite inflammation, especially when they are cold. The delicacy of this mechanism would be better understood were its inspection attempted in the rabbit. Thus when a young animal has been dressed, ready for the cook, one may remove sufficiently the soft and bony parts to expose the drum cavity to view; it will then be observed that the tympanic membrane is a transparent, brilliant tissue, which, although strong for its thickness, readily breaks down under manipulations for its removal, while the almost invisible chain of bones is so fragile that it is fractured and liable to be lost to sight when seized by the finest forceps. defective at birth. Children are exposed to influences from which they seldom entirely escape without more or less aural disease. Such are the consequences of colds, which, when of long continuance, are productive of enlarged tonsils, chronic catarrh of the mouth, throat, and nose, the resulting sympathetic deafness in some instances being so great that instruction is impossible, and the child is unable to learn to talk. It is then a deafmute. The fact should not be lost sight of that at this early period of existence the function of hearing is crude, and requires gradual cultivation for its development, and that any deafness should be promptly met. Thus the hearing of children ought to be often tested, and although accurate results may be difficult of obtainment, the knowledge gained is advantageous. Should an infant escape all other causes of aural disease, it encounters at the seventh month a physiological process in development that is frequently the source of great irritation in the mouth, and of sympathetic irritation in the ears. I refer to the cutting of the teeth, which usually begins at this age. That this period is fraught with special danger to the organ of hearing is well recognized by both mothers and nurses, who have long considered teething as in some way connected with earache. Every one of the first twenty teeth in perforating the gum is liable to be thus heralded. Fortunate, therefore, is the infant who has passed its second year, the period at which first dentition is concluded, without having experienced aural irritation. These first teeth, however, are subject to premature decay, as well as a natural absorption of their roots, before the sixth year, at which time the second dentition begins. From this cause sympathetic aural trouble often arises, and frequently continues while the second teeth are cutting. In a mechanism so delicate slight causes are sufficient to interfere with the normal performance of its function, and thus occasion deafness. This statement will be more readily comprehended when it is known that the tympanic membrane, in transmitting the higher musical notes, is About the sixth year, as stated, the seccapable of executing to and fro move- ond or permanent teeth begin to make ments at the rate of 45,000 per second, their appearance, and at the thirteenth each vibration occasioning a correspond-year they have all been cut, with the ex ception of the wisdom-teeth. These second teeth are promoters of even more disturbance in the ears than the first; the earaches and discharges are more persistent, the complications in general more grave. Subsequent to this period there is a cessation of dental irritation, although established discharges from the ears are liable to continue on indefinitely. The foregoing remarks will serve to draw attention to the liability existing in youth to frequently recurring attacks of earache, each one of which leaves the conductive mechanism in a worse condition than before, repeated invasions finally leaving behind irreparable injury. In these cases, even when comparatively unimportant as respects pain, competent advice can not be too early obtained, for the longer they are neglected, the less amenable to treatment they become. Certain diseases of childhood very frequently affect the ears; such are scarlet fever, measles, diphtheria, cerebro-spinal meningitis, whooping-cough, and mumps. During the attacks of these diseases, and even when convalescence has been established, although earache may be absent, occasional examinations of the ears should be made, in order that, if affected, they may receive early attention. Deafness is usually an early symptom of most aural affections; but, on the contrary, in some instances very considerable impairment of the drum cavity and its contained mechanism exists without any perceptible impairment of hearing. It is believed that a very small percentage of the adult population possess normal hearing, which fact greatly depends on the neglect in childhood to which allusion has above been made. Respecting these neglected youth, it is found that their aural defects are usually unheeded until school instruction is commenced; in fact, in many instances even the pupil himself is unaware of his disability. ance of a system of classification places such at a disadvantage, and renders them a hinderance to others. In this connection it may be remarked that great injustice not unfrequently is practiced toward pupils who have, notwithstanding their defect, become well prepared for promotion; their examination being conducted in haste, and perhaps also with impatience, the teacher's questions are frequently not understood, and they therefore fail to receive credit for what they have learned. Children are, I have reason to believe, often put back from this cause. When the teacher himself is afflicted with deafness, as is often the case, the neglect in instruction is still more serious-a fact to which parents and those who appoint teachers should have their attention directed. The discouraging surroundings of these children are many; for, in addition to the disheartenment at school, many of them receive unkind treatment from their companions and at home; it is therefore but natural that such influences should create distrust in the mind of the child, and develop a deceitful and vicious character. They lose confidence, are reluctant to communicate with others, and are therefore classified as "stupid." There are other causes for the characteristic conduct of deaf children, to which allusion has not, as far as I am aware, been made by writers on this subject. I allude to the noises in the head which are experienced in the greater number of aural affections. The noises are called subjective, and are heard only by the patient. They are described by adults as resembling the sound produced by escaping steam, the singing of a tea-pot, the sighing of the wind, the play of the surf on the beach, the roar of a cataract, etc. In connection with this there is occasionally experienced a still more annoying symptom: the patient when talking or singing hears his own voice as proceeding The school management of these partly from within his head, or as the distant deaf people is an important question in voice of another. These phenomena, of their education. Teachers, as a rule, do course, greatly interfere with hearing. not classify these pupils when seating For a few minutes, or it may be for a few them in the school-room-a neglect which hours, at a time, hearing is somewhat or it would be greatly to their advantage, as nearly normal, when suddenly the speakwell as the scholar's, to rectify by an ex- er will observe his voice to change to that amination previous to commencing their above described. Children affected in instruction. Those hearing badly can be this manner are greatly bothered while instructed with greater ease if seated near hearing themselves talk or sing, believthe teacher's desk, while the non-observing that others hear their utterances in |