The mariners all under hatches stow'd; Whom, with a charm join'd to their suffer'd labour, I have left asleep and for the rest o' th' fleet, Which I dispers'd, they all have met again; Bound sadly home for Naples; Supposing that they saw the king's ship wreck'd, Pro. Ariel, thy charge Exactly is perform'd; but there's more work : Ari. Past the mid season. Pro. At least two glasses: The time 'twixt six and now Must by us both be spent most preciously. Ari. Is there more toil? Since thou dost give me pains. Let me remember thee what thou hast promis'd, Which is not yet perform'd me. Pro. How now ? moody? What is't thou canst demand? Ari. My liberty. Pro. Before the time be out? no more. Ari. I pray thee Remember, I have done thee worthy service; Told thee no lies, made no mistakings, serv'd Without or grudge or grumblings: thou didst promise To bate me a full year. Pro. Dost thou forget From what a torment I did free thee? Ari. No. terrible than an enchanted den of furies." And no wonder, for the clime was extremely subject to storms and hurricanes; and the islands were surrounded with scattered rocks, lying shallowly hid under the surface of the water. WARBURTON. The epithet here applied to the Bermudas will be best understood by those who have seen the chafing of the sea over the rugged rocks by which they are surrounded, and which render access to them so dangerous. It was in our poet's time the current opinion, that Bermudas was inhabited by monsters and devils.-Setebos, the god of Caliban's dam, was an American devil, worshipped by the giants of Patagonia. HENLEY. [1] Flote is wave. Flot. Fr. STEEV. [2] That the character and conduct of Prospero may be understood, something must be known of the system of enchantment, which supplied all the marvellous, found in the romances of the middle ages. This system seems to be founded on the opinion that the fallen spirits, having different degrees of guilt, bad different habitations allotted them at their expulsion; some being confined in hell, "some (as Hooker, who delivers the opinion of our poet's age, expresses it) dispersed in air, some on earth, some in water, others in caves, dens, or minerals under the earth." Of these, some were more malignant and mischievous than others. The earthy spirits seem to have been thought the most depraved, and the aerial the less vitia ted. Thus Prospero observes of Ariel: Pro. Thou dost! and think'st It much, to tread the ooze of the salt deep; Ari. I do not, sir. Pro. Thou liest, malignant thing! Hast thou forgot Pro. Thou hast: Where was she born? speak; tell me. Ari. Sir, in Argier. Pro. O, was she so? I must, Once in a month, recount what thou hast been, To enter human hearing, from Argier, Thou know'st, was banish'd; for one thing she did, Pro. This blue-ey'd hag was hither brought with child, And, for thou wast a spirit too delicate To act her earthy and abhorr'd commands, rites performed or charms Knowledge of Enchanthis Demonology)" one Those who thought best -Thou wast a spirit too delicate To act her earthy and abhorr'd commands. Over these spirits a power might be obtained by certain learned. This power was called the Black Art, or ment.' The enchanter being (as king James observes in who commands the devil, whereas the witch serves him." of this art, the existence of which was, I am afraid, believed very seriously, held, that certain sounds and characters had a physical power over spirits, and compelled their agency; others who condemned the practice, which in reality was surely never practised, were of opinion, with more reason, that the power of charms arose only from compact, and was no more than the spirits voluntarily allowed them for the seduction of man. The art was held by all, though not equally criminal, yet unlawful; and therefore Casaubon, speaking of one who had commerce with spirits, blames him, though he imagines him one of the best kind who dealt with them by way of command." Thus Prospero repents of his art in the last scene. The spirits were always considered as in some measure enslaved to the enchanter, at least for a time, and as serving with unwillingness, therefore Ariel so often begs for liberty; and Caliban observes, that the spirits serve Prospero with no good will, but "hate him roo 9 Into a cloven pine; within which rift Imprison'd, thou didst painfully remain A dozen years; within which space she died, And left thee there; where thou didst vent thy groans, As fast as mill-wheels strike: Then was this island, (Save for the son that she did litter here, A freckled whelp, hag-born,) not honour'd with Ari. Yes; Caliban her son. Pro. Dull thing, I say so; he, that Caliban, Thou best know'st When I arriv'd, and heard thee, that made gape Ari. I thank thee, master. Pro. If thou more murmur'st, I will rend an oak, Ari. Pardon, master: 1 will be correspondent to command, And do my spiriting gently. Pro. Do so; and after two days I will discharge thee. Ari. That's my noble master! What shall I do? say what? what shall I do? Pro. Go make thyself like to a nymph o' th' sea; To every eye-ball else. Go, take this shape, [Exit ARIEL. Awake, dear heart, awake! thou hast slept well; Awake! Mira. The strangeness of your story put Heaviness in me. Pro. Shake it off: Come on; We'll visit Caliban, my slave, who never Yields us kind answer. Mira. 'Tis a villain, sir, I do not love to look on. Pro. But, as 'tis, We cannot miss him: he does make our fire, Cal. [Within.] There's wood enough within. Pro. Come forth, I say; there's other business for thee : Come forth, thou tortoise! when? Re-enter ARIEL, like a water-nymph. Fine apparition! My quaint Ariel, Hark in thine ear. Ari. My lord, it shall be done. [Exit. Pro. Thou poisonous slave, got by the devil himself Upon thy wicked dam, come forth! Enter CALIBAN. Cal. As wicked dew as e'er my mother brush'd With raven's feather from unwholesome fen, Drop on you both! a south-west blow on ye, And blister you all o'er! Pro. For this, be sure, to-night thou shalt have cramps, As thick as honey-combs, each pinch more stinging Cal. I must eat my dinner. This island's mine, by Sycorax my mother, Which thou tak'st from me. When thou camest first, Thou strok'dst me, and mad'st much of me; would'st give me Water with berries in't ; and teach me how To name the bigger light, and how the less, [9] It should be remembered, that, in the pneumatology of former ages, these particulars were settled with the most minute exactness, and the different kinds of visionary beings had different allotments of time suitable to the variety or consequence of their employments. During these spaces, they were at liberty to act, but were always obliged to leave off at a certain hour, that they might not interfere in that portion of night which belonged to others. Among these, we may suppose ur chins to have had a part subjected to their dominion. STEEVENS. The fresh springs, brine pits, barren place, and fertile ; Cursed be I that did so!-All the charms Of Sycorax, toads, beetles, bats, light on you! For I am all the subjects that you have, Which first was mine own king: and here you sty me. The rest of the island. Pro. Thou most lying slave, Whom stripes may move, not kindness: I have us'd thee, The honour of my child. Cal. O ho, O ho! 'would it had been done! Pro. Abhorred slave; Which any print of goodness will not take, Took pains to make thee speak, taught thee each hour With words that made them known: But thy vile race, Who had'st deserv'd more than a prison. Cal. You taught me language; and my profit on't Is, I know how to curse: The red plague rid you,' For learning me your language! Pro. Hag-seed, hence! Fetch us in fuel; and be quick, thou wert best, To answer other business. Shrug'st thou, malice? What I command, I'll rack thee with old cramps ; Cal. No, 'pray thee! I must obey his art is of such power, [Aside. It would control my dam's god, Setebos, [1] This savage exclamation was originally and constantly appropriated by the writers of our ancient Mysteries and Moralities, to the Devil; and has, in this instance, been transferred to his descendant Caliban. STEEVENS. [2] The erysipelas was anciently called the red plague, STEEVENS, |