Το WITH A FLASK OF RHINE water." The old Catholic City was still, Abbey, for instance, whose more solid architecture is chiefly visible by a 'dim religious light,' I was almost overcome with an awe amounting to gloom; whereas at Cologne, the state of my mind rose somewhat above serenity. Lofty, aspiring, cheerful, the light of heaven more abundantly admitted than excluded, and streaming through painted panes, with all the varied colours of the first promise, the distant roof seemed to re-echo with any other strains than those of that awful hymn the Dies Ira. In opposition to the Temple of Religious Fear, I should call it the Temple of Pious Hope. And now, having described to you my own feelings, I will not give you the mere description of objects to be found in the guide-books. From my hints you will be, perhaps, able to pick out a suggestion that might prove valuable in the erection of our new churches. Under the Pagan mythology, a temple had its specific purpose; it was devoted to some particular worship, or devoted to some peculiar attribute of the Deity: as such, each had its proper character, and long since the votaries and the worship have passed away, travellers have been able to discriminate, even from the ruins, the destination of Here, too, Somerville meets with an old college the original edifice. Do you think that such would chum, who favours the party with his experiences have been the case, were a future explorer to light in rhyme. We can but spare room for a verse or on the relics of our Langham Place or Regent Street two. temples; would an antiquarian of 2838, be able to I inquired not the place of its source, decide, think you, whether one of our modern tem-Ye Tourists and Travellers, bound to the Rhine, ples was a Christian church, or a parochial school, or Provided with passport, that requisite docket, a factory! Had men formerly more belief in wrong First listen to one little whisper of mine than they have now in right? Was there more sin-Take care of your pocket! take care of your pocket! cerity in ancient fanaticism than in modern faith? But I will not moralize; only as I took a last look at Don't wash or be shaved-go like hairy wild men, the Cathedral of Cologne, I could not help asking Play dominoes, smoke, wear a cap and smock-frock it, myself, Will such an edifice ever be completed But if you speak English, or look it, why then . shall we ever again build up even such a beginning? Take care of your pocket-take care of your pocket! The cardinal virtues must answer the question. Faith and Charity have been glorious masons in times past You'll see old Cologne,-not the sweetest of towns,-does Hope's Architecture' hold out equal promise Wherever you follow your nose you will shock it; for the fature ?" And you'll pay your three dollars to look at three' crowns, Often as this glorious architectural fragment has been described, we doubt whether the spirit of its Take care of your pocket!take care of your pocket! beauty has ever been so felicitously communicated Take care of your pocket!-take care of your pocket! You'll stop at Coblence, with its beautiful views, to language as in the above fragments. They are Old Castles you'll see on the vine-covered hill,introduced sans preface or showman's trumpet, into Fine ruins to rivet the eye in its socketthe midst of these delightful, gossiping letters, with Once haunts of Baronial Banditti, and still their droll and shrewd notices of St. Ursulus and her Elevin Thow send Old Maids,' as Martha Penny calls them of the house of Rubens, of St. Peter's Church, where Mr. Orchard had "a warning"and of the table-d' hote with its queer cookery, and its amusingly mixed society, both shocking to Mrs. Wilmot's ideas of propriety: and the more so, as her participation in their miscellaneous vulgarities You'll see an old man who'll let off an old gun, was witnessed, and doubtless commented on to her And Lurley, with her hurly-burly will mock it, disadvantage, by Lady De Faringdon-the carriage But think that the words of the echo thus run Exclusive of the Lord Melville steamer. Whether Take care of your pocket!-take care of your pocket! the common soldier's uniform at table, or the pre * served bullaces served with roast veal, or the cloud Perchance you will take a frisk off to the Bathsof smoke, after dessert, was the more terrible to the Where some to their heads hold a pistol and cock it; nerves of the delicate lady, we cannot decide. But still mind the warning, wherever your paths, Take care of your pocket!take care of your pocket! With this sociable joviality, a table song might naturally be expected a new version of the Rhine wine lied for instance. Mr. Hood has felt this, and accordingly has given us a ditty ;-but it is a dressing-table song, and has nothing to do with the juice of thegrape, being And Friendships you'll swear most eternal of pacts, Martha Penny, too, communicates her own pecu-investigation, (not that I have, strictly speaking, liar trials and experiences in Cologne. She, like the studied the facts of geology,) I see great difficulties rest, is perfectly bewildered by the splendours of the in the hypothesis that I myself advanced in your Cathedral, both outwardly and those of the "Interi- June Number; particularly the difficulty arising um Witch is performing Hi Mass;" with the glories from the necessary destruction of animalcules by of the Priest insensed with the perfumery," and those animals that feed upon the grass, to which such with the sanctity of "the empty skulls of the wise animalcules adhere. So also as to carnivorous creakings, as brown as mogany, with crowns on, and tures. Yet I would not forget the prophecy, that their Christian names ritten in rubbies, if so be it the lion shall eat straw like the ox, (Isaiah xi. 7;) be'ant red glass." Unlike her far-away kinswoman from which it appears to follow, that birds and Win, who was enticed to the "New Gerusalem" of beasts of prey might possibly have lived in Paradise, Methodism, Martha is seduced by these shows, and without feeding upon other creatures. Here, howIt may be presumed one of the "mail sex," to take ever, I am suggesting, not dogmatizing; or rather up Catholicism. But she herself confesses that- submitting an idea, which I shall readily surrender, "Wat with the lofty pillers, and the picters, and on its being fairly shewn to be unfounded either in the gelding and the calving, I felt perfeckly dizzy, reason or Revelation. but wen the sunshin came rainbowin thro the painted I cannot conclude without noticing the inference glass winders, and the orgin played up, and the Quire which FIDES is disposed to draw from the words of of singers with their hevinly vices, and the Priest St. Paul, (1 Corinthians xv. 22,) namely, that brutes, was insensed with the perfumery, down I went, willy as well as men, will share in the final resurrection. nilly, on both nees, and was amost controverted into Now St. Paul, in the foregoing passage, makes use a Cathlic afore I knowed were I was! Luckly, I of the word "Ilaves:" which, from its gender, is rekollected Transmigration, which I cant nor wont surely inapplicable to the brute creation. This your believe in, and that jumpt me up agin on my legs." Correspondent will, I doubt not, readily admit, But more of this on a future day. though he seems, for a moment, to have overlooked "Next to fine sites, (she concludes,) Colon swarms it. On the whole, I must assure him, in parting, with raggid misrable objects, but I'm sorry I can't that my objeet in this (as in my last) communicastop to shock you with them, being wanted to pack tion, is not to assail others, but to inform myself. up. You know what that is with a figitty Missis, Trusting that I have done this in the spirit of that who is never happy except she's corded up over night, Christian "charity" which doth not "behave itself and on a Porter's back in the morning. To-morrow unseemingly," I am, &c. youl find us on the map of Coblense. I did hope we Πίστις. had dun with steeming, and were to go Dilligently "The above paper being explanatory of what our by land but after seeing the Male cum in, Master much-respected Correspondent considers has been declined. Sure enough, the coatch is divided into misapprehended in his previous letter; and also three cages, and catch me travelin, says he, in a wild stating, that upon maturer thought he sees great dif Beast carrivan. Besides, says he, if the leaders ficulties in his former hypothesis, it seems but juschuse to be misleaders, we ar sure to be over a pre- tice to insert it, though we had closed the general cipus, for its a deal esier, says he, for the horsis to discussion. We can cheerfully attest of a corres pull us down, then for the Postylion to pull 'em up. pondent, of more than twenty years standing, that But sich is forrin traveling." the spirit of his concluding remark always characterWe are sorry that we can't stop to shock" our ises his papers. Perhaps, however, we ought to home-keeping readers with any more of these racy add, lest otherwise we should be pressed to admit a disclosures. In seven days, however, they shall be rejoinder from FIDES, and to carry the controversy acquainted with the further progress of the Family into another volume, that it did not appear to us that Party. ON THE EXTINCT GENERA OF ANIMALS. FIDES gave as his own opinion from the words of St. Paul, "As in Adam all die, so in Christ shall all be made alive," that brutes as well as men will share in the resurrection; but that he alleged, by way of argumentum ad absurdum, that this inference pressed To the Editor of the Christian Observer. upon those who thought that the death of irrational YOUR Correspondent FIDES (September, p. 546) animals could not have taken place without the fall has greatly misunderstood the intentions of my com- of man; for that the texts which they adduce to munication, inserted in your June Number, respect- shew that the brute creation were first subjected to ing the supposed connection between the sin of man, death on account of man's transgression, would and the mortality of the brute creation. Nothing equally prove that they await the redemption of could be further from my design than to bring any the body" at the resurrection. The course of the such charges as he refers to, against any one stu- argument between our correspondents was to the fol dent, or advocate, of the useful science of geology. lowing effect. The geologists contended that they I wrote as a humble inquirer, not as a presumptuous discovered fossil organic remains long anterior to accuser. More I need not say to all that my oppo- any vestiges of the human race, and which must, nent has written upon the point of "fairness." Yet from the circumstances under which they are found, I do conceive, that as he himself, for a time, had be much older than six thousand years, or many his difficulties, so I may innocently have mine, on times that period. Their opponents said that there the abstruse subject before us; too "abstruse," I could not have been death before Adam's transgresconceive, to admit of the parallel that he has drawn sion. The geologists challenged them to prove this between it and a theorem in mathematics. Nor will from Scripture, maintaining, in the words of FIDES, I deny that, on mature thought, as well as on further that "death was penal to man, who was created for immortality; and animals partake of the evils aris-when texts were alleged, they replied, that if these ing from man's fallen condition; but an animalcule texts were applicable to the case, (which they demight have lived and died after the enjoyment of its nied,) they proved more than their opponents would little span of life, on the very day that Adam was admit. It seems however to us, if we may interpose created, without its death being penal;" and that a word, that the whole argument is irrelevant on "there is nothing in Scripture to disprove this;" both sides: for the life and death which the geological the notion being merely a floating idea, not ground-professors at our Universities, and geologists in geed on any warranty of holy writ. In reply to this, neral, say they find such irresistible proofs of in the such passages are quoted as 1 Cor. xv. 21, "Since extinct genera and species of fossil remains, they by man came death, by man came also the resur- maintain, must have been very, very, long anterior rection of the dead;" whereupon FIDES argued, that to the six days' work recorded in the first chapter of if in this death is included the death of the brute Genesis; so that the alleged pre-Adamite world, and creation, their resurrection must be included in the the world when prepared for the abode of man, were next verse, which says, For as in Adam all die, separated from each other by a chasm; and hence it even so in Christ shall all be made alive." Our would not be correct to apply to the one what relates correspondent Icores replies, that Haves being mas- solely to the other. The geologist might say to his culine, could not include brutes; but FIDES might opponent, "you allege that the Bible speaks only of rejoin, that it was not the geologists, but their op- the six days' work, and of subsequent events; that ponents, who said brutes were included in the former no text bears upon any anterior state of things, for verse; for all that the geologists said was, that if that there was no such state. You are therefore not you include them in the one, you must also in the entitled to apply what is said of the consequences of other. The geologists maintained, that such pas- man's transgression to a pre-Adamite world. You sages speak only of mankind; though the gender of must shew that there was no such world; for if the word Ilaves would not of itself be decisive; for there was, then by your own concession the death notwithstanding in English "the brute creation" is pronounced upon man, even if it were proved to have neuter, there are corresponding words in Greek and included brutes, had nothing to do with a previous Latin which are masculine or feminine; and where order of things. It might be that animals were, for men and women are included, a general masculine wise and merciful reasons, originally intended to word is used; and might possibly still be used live and die; and were not created for immortality, where there was no express intention of excluding even though death, which was penal to man, was what in English could not be comprehended under a connected also with penal circumstances to the infemasculine term. But the grammatical point is of no rior animals after his trangression." consequence; for Пotes says, very justly, that the There is also another point upon which, to save a death and resurrection spoken of in Cor. xv., relates rejoinder, we may add a passing word. Our corresonly to the human race; and the geologists had said pondent Istis had asked "If death can fairly be precisely the same; only when verse 21 was quoted supposed to have had any place in an unfallen against them, FIDES urged in reply verse 22, as an world?" In reply, FIDES said, that if by "fairly' argumentum ad hominem. was meant reasonably; he thought that it was as We have no wish to interfere in the controversy; reasonable (and he believed it also to be consistent but as Romans viii. 18-23 has been quoted, to prove with Scripture) that animals should die for infinitely that there could be no death of animals before the wise reasons connected with the Divine purposes in fall of man, it would have been open to FIDES to the creation, as that they died because the human take the same argument respecting that passage, race had sinned; but that if the word "fairly" imthat he did respecting 1 Cor. xv. 21, 22; namely, plied that any Christian geologist could wish to deal that if the death of animals is there included, their unfairly with the question, he could not conceive of "redemption" also is included. We say this, not such a thing; for why should he desire to cheat as arguing the question, but only as shewing that himself or others about a matter of physical science, those who do argue it, should, in quoting texts, con- any more than about a matter of mathematical desider whether the context will uphold their interpre- monstration? Now Ilotes, in his present letter, tation. Dr. Doddridge, who had no geological hy- considers Fides as drawing a parallel between geopothesis to serve, says that to make the stress of logy, which is full of difficulty, and a "theorem in this passage rest upon "the brutal or inanimate crea- mathematics." But he evidently did not draw it as tion is insufferable; since the day of the redemption to the matter of certainty, but as to impartiality of of our bodies will be attended with the conflagra- inquiry. He said that some religious opposers of tion which (instead of ushering in their redemption,) the doctrines of modern geology do not address will put an end to them." So again, when part of themselves to the subject with a perfectly unbiassed Rom. vi. 23, was quoted, "The wages of sin is mind, as they would to a mathematical demonstradeath," to shew that there could have been no death tion; whereas he thought they ought to do so;of animals before Adam's transgression, the geolo- that it was not a question of fairness but of fact; gist might have replied, that the statement can be that no religious geologist could wish to contravene only commensurate with the other part of the verse, Scripture; but that his opponents might wish to But the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus contravene the plain inferences of geology, before Christ our Lord." It seemed to us that this was they had " fairly weighed the arguments in favour what FIDES meant-though as we do not know who of them, because they were of opinion that they he was, we speak conjecturally. The geologists had contradict the sacred narrative; which their upholdasked for texts to prove that every animalcule that ers deny. The present letter of Ilioris proves that inhabits air, earth, or water, was created for immor- he at least is willing both to weigh, and, where he tality, and could not perish till Adam fell; and thinks "fairness" demands, to concede. We have offered these remarks, not as umpires, not warrantably) maintain; but whether all the exbut to spare further controversy. It is somewhat tinct genera and species of animated beings are of curious, however, to observe how extremes meet. Adamite and post-Adamite chronology. We will To avoid the force of the argument put by Mr. Mel-copy from a recent number of the Quarterly Review vill and others, respecting ravenous beasts and ani- (June, page 111) a passage which shews the confi malcules, it has been hastily said, "How do we dence with which the most eminent geologists speak know that animalcules, or even ravenous beasts, of the successions of creation in extinct genera and existed before the fall of man; might they not have species. Now if this alleged succession be supbeen created afterwards?" This is a random plunge posed to intervene between the first verse of the first into a slough in the hope of jumping over an obsta- chapter of Genesis and the six days' work, no addi cle. Even if the hypothesis were allowed, it would tional difficulty is made by the idea of successional not obviate any one of the difficulties which are al-acts; for if the mention of a pre-Adamite animal leged against geological inferences. The geologist creation was omitted in the sacred oracles, as not argues from the state of the earth's strata and or- being of any religious concern to mankind, of course ganic remains, that there were races of animated nothing could be revealed as to whether it was sinbeings upon our globe long before the era of the crea-gle or successional; but if the inspired text does tion of mankind. His opponent says this could not not allow the parenthesis between the first and sucbe, for there could be no death before the fall of ceeding verses of Genesis i. of a now extinct animal Adam. The geologist asks in reply how the ground world, then we have to reply not only to the argument could be trodden, or air breathed, or water drunk, or of time but also of succession. The facts, for ingrass or herbs or fruit eaten, without destroying in-stance, adduced by the Quarterly Reviewer to prove sect or animalcule life; or how predatory animals, succession, must either be shewn to be compatible from the minutest microscopic speck to the lion or with the doctrine of a single act of creative power; the shark, could live without the food for which or if succession is admitted, it is driven to the sixalone they are adapted. To get rid of the difficulty, days of creation and the short period which has subthe hasty replicant says,-How do we know that sequently elapsed. We merely suggest the facts animalcules existed then, or any predatory animal ? for the consideration of our readers; and the reason But if not, there must have been a creation after the we have said so much upon the subject is, that we fall; a most gratuitous hypothesis, for which there have thought some of our correspondents have been is not a shadow of foundation in Scripture; and the rash in taking up this or that hypothesis or interpregeologist may justly argue that if a single animal- tation to get rid of an objection, without sufficiently cule was made after the Fall, Scripture says nothing examining whether their arguments might not cut of it, there might equally have been animals before both ways. The following is the passage from the the six days' work, though neither is that mentioned Quarterly Reviewer: in Scripture. But enough of a random suggestion "Mr. Murchison's work contains a description intended to get rid of the difficulty of animalcules and catalogue of the organic remains by which he and carnivorous animals; but which, if admitted, has succeeded more especially in identifying and would not solve the other difficulties which are al- distinguishing his Silurian system' from other earleged against the hypothesis that all things endued lier formations. Elaborate engravings are given of with the breath of life were originally adapted for about three hundred and fifty species, three-fourths eternal duration and multiplication, but ceased to be of which are new to the scientific world. And it is eternal, by the Divine decree, in consequence of hu- upon this that the chief merit of our author's labours man transgression. is based, since he demonstrates that, independently There is another consideration connected with the of all local or mineral distinctions, these Silurian geological question, which we do not recollect that rocks contain vast quantities of organic remains-a any of our correspondents have touched upon; and fauna of their own-totally distinct, except in a very which, though still without making ourselves par- few individual instances, from the fossils of the ties in the discussion, we will advert to. The doc- overlying systems. It is by the establishment of trine taught by the geological professors at both our this fact that he is authorised to claim for his sysuniversities, and generally adopted by geologists, is, tem the remarkable individuality and extension of not merely that animal life existed for a very length-character which justifies its separation from all the ened period before the creation of mankind, but that earlier deposits, and has enabled other geologists it was bestowed by the Almighty in successive already to identify it in other parts of the earth's stages of development or organization, up to the pe- surface, of which it constitutes, according to recent riod when the Scriptural six-days' work commences. information, a not inconsiderable portion: In opposing therefore the geological doctrine of re- "The evidence thus brought forward affords an mote animal existence, we must prepare to answer additional proof of the important truth which, as we also the argument of succession; for if we were to said above, geology had already established; that admit succession, and yet disallow protracted pre- each great period of change, during which the surAdamite existence, we should bring out the conclu-face of our planet was essentially modified, was also sion that the present races of animated being are not marked by the successive production and obliteraall as old as Adam, but have been gradually created tion of certain races of animated beings." from time to time during six thousand years; a no- "Not that every ancient formation was tenanted tion both unscriptural, and opposed to the most de-by creatures absolutely peculiar to it; the large cisive language of facts. For observe the extent of natural groups of strata only, or, so to speak, systhe question. It is not whether some races of beings tems, can be thus distinguished; but every great are even now successively added by the Almighty movement of newly-deposited matter-every considto former acts of creation, as some (but we think erable change in the character of the deposits,-was accompanied by the appearances of new races of animals, and the destruction, and total vanishing from the face of the earth, of the great mass of those species which previously lived, and moved, and had their being there, but whose construction or habits were probably unfitted for the new state of things which the progress of great physical revolutions had brought about. And the evidence of this fact is not confined to one locality, but is general to the whole surface of the globe, which has been as yet investigated by geologists. We do not mean that these changes were every where synchronous: no doubt, while one district was undergoing rapid mutations, both of its mineral structure and organised existences, others were, for the time, stationary and quiescent, as is notoriously the case at present. But, sooner or later, changes of similar character invaded these quarters also; and there is every reason to believe that, within periods of considerable extent, every part of the earth's surface was, in turn, subjected to analagous variations of its physical condition, giving rise to analogous changes in its organic life. "That the entire series of these changes, from first to last, were progressive, not cyclical, as some geologists are inclined to contend,-that the dynamical agencies affecting the earth's surface have diminished in energy, as the organic creation has become more complicated, multiform, and perfect, is a part of our geological creed which we are glad to find Mr. Murchison supporting by his authority and additional evidence. It is true that the Metamorphic theory of the origin of the crystalline rocks, so ably brought forward by Mr. Lyell, in his recent elementary work, if admitted as we believe it must be to a considerable extent at least, introduces much confusion into the hitherto received chronology of formations (indeed the frontispiece alone of Mr. Lyell's book is enough to throw a Wernerian into fits) yet we cannot see how the evidence afforded by the unquestioned progressive development of organised existence-crowned as it has been by the recent creation of the earth's greatest wonder, Man-can be set aside, or its seemingly necessary result withheld for a moment." [The Editor of the Museum suggests to the reader that, if he will turn to Dr. Chalmer's Sermon "on the New Heavens and the New Earth," he will find its speclations connect themselves in a very interesting degree with the theory of the successive changes of the Globe.] From Talt's Magazine. BY EBENEZER ELLIOTT. WHEN Stuart reign'd, God's people fled, There sought the Lord, and found him there. Lord! we too suffer; we too pray That thou wilt guide our steps aright; For failing bread, six days in seven The stately temple, built with hands. And thrusts the child of toil aside. Therefore we seek the daisied plain, Or climb thy hills to touch thy feet; Is it a crime to tell thee here, That here the sorely-tried are met; Where, wheeling wide, the plover flies; We waited long, and sought thee, Lord, Alone assail'd our foes and thine. Thy truth and thee we bade them fear; * See Rebecca's Hymn in "Ivanhoe." TO A PHYSICIAN. Oh! watched for, longed for, through the heavy hours Of pain and weakness. What a gift is thine! For thy next smile what sleepless eyelids pine! I heard thy footsteps come and die away, E. M. H. |