(limited)," which, for some generations, overboard accordingly, and finished the held the Baltic in terror, and plundered affair. Hakon Jarl's renown rose natufar bepond the Belt, — in the ocean itself, rally to the transcendent pitch after this in Flanders and the opulent trading ha- exploit. His people, I suppose chiefly vens there, above all, in opulent anar- the Christian part of them, whispered chic Eugland, which, for forty years from one to another, with a shudder, "that in about this time, was the pirates' Goshen; the blackest of the thunderstorm, he had and yielded, regularly every summer, taken his youngest little boy, and made slaves, danegelt, and miscellaneous plun-away with him; sacrificed him to Thor der, like no other country Jomsburg or or some devil, and gained his victory by the viking-world had ever known. Palna-art-magic, or something worse." Jarl toke, Bue, and the other quasi-heroic Eric, Hakon's eldest son, without susheads of this establishment are still re-picion of art-magic, but already a distinmembered in the northern parts. "Pal-guished viking, became thrice distinnatoke" is the title of a tragedy by Oeh-guished by his style of sea-fighting in lenschläger, which had its run of immor- this battle; and awakened great expectality in Copenhagen some sixty or tations in the viking public; of him we seventy years ago. shall hear again.

I judge the institution to have been in its floweriest state, probably now in Hakon Jarl's time. Hakon Jarl and these pirates, robbing Hakon's subjects and merchants that frequented him, were naturally in quarrel; and frequent fightings had fallen out, not generally to the profit of the Jomsburgers, who at last determined on revenge, and the rooting-out of this obstructive Hakon Jarl. They assembled in force at the Cape of Stad, in the Firda Fylke; and the fight was dreadful in the extreme, noise of it filling all the north for long afterwards. Hakon, fighting like a lion, could scarcely hold his own-death or victory the word on both sides; when suddenly, the heavens grew black, and there broke out a terrific storm of thunder and hail, appalling to the human mind, universe swallowed wholly in black night; only the momentary forked blazes, the thunder-pealing as of Ragnarök, and the battering hailtorrents, hail-stones about the size of an egg. Thor with his hammer evidently acting; but in behalf of whom? The Jomsburgers in the hideous darkness, broken only by flashing thunderbolts, had a dismal apprehension that it was probably not on their behalf (Thor having a sense of justice in him); and before the storm ended, thirty-five of their seventy ships sheered away, leaving gallant Bue, with thirty-five ships, to follow as they liked, who reproachfully hailed these fugitives, and continued the now since. hopeless battle. Bue's nose and lips An idle question sometimes rises on me were smashed or cut away; Bue man--idle enough, for it never can be anaged, half-articulately, to exclaim, "Ha!swered in the affirmative, or negative. the maids (mays) of Denmark will Whether it was not these same refitted never kiss me more. Overboard, all ye Jomsburgers who appeared some while Bue's men!" And taking his two sea- after this at Red Head Point, on the shore chests, with all the gold he had gained of Angus, and sustained a new severe in such life-struggle from of old, sprang beating, in what the Scotch still faintly

The Jomsburgers, one might fancy, after this sad clap went visibly down in the world; but the fact is not altogether so. Old King Blue-tooth was now dead, died of a wound got in battle with his un-natural (so-called "natural") son and successor, Otto Svein of the Forked Beard, afterwards king and conqueror of England for a little while; and seldom, perhaps never, had vikingism been in such flower as now. This man's name is Sven in Swedish, Svend in German, and means boy or lad-the English "swain." It was at old "Father Blue-tooth's funeralale" (drunken burial-feast), that Sven, carousing with his Jomsburg chiefs and other choice spirits, generally of the rob ber-class, all risen into height of highest robber-enthusiasm, pledged the vow to one another; Svein that he would conquer England (which, in a sense, he, after long struggling, did); and the Jomsburgers that they would ruin and root out Hakon Jarl (which they could by no means do), and other guests other foolish things which proved equally unfeasible. Sea-robber volunteers SO especially abounding in that time, one perceives how easily the Jomsburgers could recruit themselves, build or refit new robber fleets, man them with the pick of crews, and steer for opulent, fruitful England; where, under Ethelred the Unready, was such a field for profitable enterprise as the viking public never had before or

remember as their "Battle of Loncarty"?|wavering twilight, the question whether Beyond doubt a powerful Norse-pirate these of Loncarty were refitted Jomsarmament dropt anchor at the Red Head, burgers or not, must be left hanging. to the alarm of peaceable mortals, about Loncarty is now the biggest bleachfield that time. It was thought and hoped to in Queen Victoria's dominions; no vilbe on its way for England, but it visibly lage or hamlet there, only the huge hung on for several days, deliberating bleaching-house and a beautiful field, (as was thought) whether they would do some six or seven miles north-west of this poorer coast the honour to land on it Perth, bordered by the beautiful Tay before going farther. Did land, and vig- river on the one side, and by its beautiful orously plunder and burn south-westward tributary Almond on the other; a Lonas far as Perth; laid siege to Perth; but carty fitted either for bleaching linen, or brought out King Kenneth on them, and for a bit of fair duel between nations, in produced that Battle of Loncarty "those simple times. Whether our refitted which still dwells in vague memory Jomsburgers had the least thing to do among the Scots. Perhaps it might be with it is only matter of fancy, but if it the Jomsburgers; perhaps also not; for were they who here again got a good there were many pirate associations, last- beating, fancy would be glad to find hering not from century to century like the self fact. The old piratical kings of DenJomsburgers, but only for very limited mark had been at the founding of Jomsperiods, or from year to year; indeed, it burg, and to Svein of the Forked Beard was mainly by such that the splendid it was still vitally important, but not so thief-harvest of England was reaped in to the great Knut, or any king that folthis disastrous time. No Scottish chron-lowed; all of whom had better business icler gives the least of exact date to their famed victory of Loncarty, only that it was achieved by Kenneth III., which will mean sometime between A.D. 975 and 994; and, by the order they put it in, probably soon after A.D. 975, or the beginning of this Kenneth's reign. Buchanan's narrative, carefully distilled from all the ancient Scottish sources, is of admirable quality for style and otherwise; quiet, brief, with perfect clearness, perfect credibility even, except that semi-miraculous appendage of the Ploughmen, Hay and Sons, always hanging to the tail of it; the grain of possible truth in which can now never be extracted by man's art!* In brief, what we know is, fragments of ancient human bones and armour have occasionally been ploughed up in this locality, proof-positive of ancient fighting here; and the fight fell out not long after Hakon's beating of the Jomsburgers at the Cape of Stad. And in such dim glimmer of

G. Buchanani Opera Omnia, i. 103-4 (Curante

Ruddimano, Edinburgi, 1715).

than mere thieving; and it was Magnus the Good, of Norway, a man of still higher anti-anarchic qualities, that annhilated it, about a century later.

Hakon Jarl, his chief labours in the world being over, is said to have become very dissolute in his elder days, especially in the matter of women; the wretched old fool, led away by idleness and fulness of bread, which to all of us are well said to be the parents of mischief. Having absolute power, he got into the habit of openly plundering men's pretty daughters and wives from them, and, after a few weeks, sending them back; greatly to the rage of the fierce Norse heart, had there been any means of resisting or revenging. It did, after a little while, prove the ruin and destruction of Hakon the Rich, as he was then called. It opened the door, namely, for entry of Olaf Tryggveson upon the scene,

a very much grander man; in regard to whom the wiles and traps of Hakon proved to be a recipe, not on Tryggveson, but on the wily Hakon himself, as shall now be seen straightway.

THE distillation and manufacture of attar | ported from Philipopoli to England, France, of rose is a large and important branch of industry in Adrianople. In the northern parts of the country, we are told in an official document, the produce of 1873 exceeded by 35 per cent. that of the previous year, the quantity distilled being some 121,875 ounces, valued at about 90,000/. It is chiefly ex

Germany, and Austria; and recently merchants in the United States and Germany have opened correspondence with firms in Adrianople, with the view of establishing agencies to further extend this branch of commerce.

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But now there's nought thy soul could crave Drops its weak wings and folds itself to rest.

Nought less than perfect love a thing so weak And made to stretch towards some distant

CHRISTIAN RESIGNATION.

Thy THERE is a sweetness in the world's despair,
There is a rapture of serenity,

From The Quarterly Review. THE ENGLISH BAR AND THE INNS OF

COURT.

learning and eloquence, but for honourable conduct. The profession is a favourite with the English nation. It has MR. FORSYTH, in his "Hortensius," of acted as an elastic band, uniting the which a second and improved edition has aristocracy with the classes below it. now been published, has given, with The younger sons of the nobility, when much learning and literary ability, an possessed of sufficient mental energy for historical sketch of the advocate's office the Bar, have cheerfully entered its and functions, and described the origin ranks, to gain there, by a successful and career of the profession in Greece career, wealth not otherwise attainable and Rome, France and England. Hor- by them. The humblest tradesman, who tensius, the famous Roman advocate, has can give his son a good education and been selected by the author as the advo-enter him at an Inn of Court, may hope cate par excellence, and his name has to see him rise to fame and opulence at therefore been taken as the title of this the Bar, become a judge and even lord interesting work. Cicero had before chancellor. paid a similar compliment to his friend But the opinion of an intelligent forand contemporary. Yet, Hortensius was eigner on matters affecting England, is guilty of such misconduct in the affair of often more accurate than any we can Minucius Basilus,† that, had he lived in form for ourselves. It more resembles England in our days and been a member the opinion to be expected from the imof an Inn of Court, the benchers would partiality of posterity. Maurice Van probably have disbarred him. The Eng- Meenen, a learned Belgian advocate, has, lish Bar has always kept itself remarka-in a discourse lately delivered before the bly free from the accusation of perverting Junior Brussels Bar, given an elaborate privileges to the accomplishment of account of the English forensic system, fraudulent objects, and has, for more from which we extract the following pasthan five centuries, held a high place in sages: the estimation of the public, not only for

1. Le Barreau Anglais. Discours prononcé par M. Maurice Van Meenen à la Séance Solennelle de Rentrée du 29 Octobre 1873. Bruxelles, 1873. 8vo. 2. Hortensius. An Historical Essay on the Office and Duties of an Advocate. By William Forsyth, LL.D., Q.C., M.P. 2nd Edition. London, 1874.

England, as one knows, is the country of traditional institutions. These daughters of the genius of the nation have developed and modified themselves in the course of centuries together with the nation, shaping themselves in conformity to new wants, and, under the appearance of immobility, transforming them3. A Guide to the Inns of Court and Chancery. [selves as completely as English civilization By Robert R. Pearce, Esq. London, 1855. 8vo. itself. They are not at all, as in other coun 4. Remarks upon the Jurisdiction of the Inns of tries, conceptions which, in a moment, have Court. By Frederick Calvert, Esq., Q.C. London, started full-grown from the brain of an indi

8vo.

1874. 8vo.

5. Speech of Sir Roundell Palmer, Q.C., M.P.,vidual or of an assembly, and been forced on delivered at the Annual Meeting of the Legal Educa- a people whose wants they do not satisfy, and tion Association, in the Middle Temple Hall, on into the life of which they never, except superWednesday the 29th November, 1871. With a Report

of the Proceedings. London, 1871. 870.

6. Fusion: an Elementary Lecture, delivered Nov. 28, 1872, at the request of the Incorporated Law Society. By Freeman Oliver Haynes, Esq. London, 1873. 8vo.

7. Origines Juridiciales. By Wm. Dugdale, Esq., Norroy King of Arms. Second Edition. London,

ficially, penetrate. The spirit of England
rebels against systems constructed according
It is the enemy of
to absolute principles.
abstractions. Like the man of science, who
only advances prudently, step by step, by the
light of experience alone, it respects that
which long traditional experience has brought
to it, changes that only which is manifestly
insufficient or bad, and, above all things,
creates nothing but what is strictly necessary
for actual wants.

The Bar participates in the character of all the institutions of the country. It is from the