and its axis placed parallel to that of the earth this axis (if we fuppofe it opaque) when expofed to the rays of the fun, will caft a fhadow on the oppofite meridian. Thus if the meridian Pa S points to the fun, the fhadow of the axis PS will fall on the oppofite meridian P QS. If we imagine any plane to pass through the center of this tranfparent globe, the fhadow of half the axis will always fall on one fide or other of this interfecting plane. Thus in figure 4, let DWBE be the plane of the horizon of London; then will the axis of the fphere PS pafs through the center of the plane and while the fun continues above the horizon, the fhadow of the upper half of the axis N P will fall fomewhere on the upper fide of the plane DWBE. When the plane of any meridian or hour-circle points to the fun, the fhadow of the axis marks the refpective hour-line upon the interfecting plane. The hour-line therefore is a fine drawn from the center of the interfecting plane to the point where the interfecting plane is cut by the meridian, oppofite to that meridian which is expofed to the fun thus in fig. 4, let DWBE, the horizon of London, be the interfecting plane; when the meridian of London PZS points at the fun, the shadow of half the axis PE, falls on the line N B, which is drawn from N, the center of the horizon, to B, the point where the horizon is cut by the oppofite meridian PBS: therefore N B is the hour of 12 at noon. By the fame method the reft of the hour-lines are found, by drawing, for every hour, a line from the center of the interfecting plane, to that meridian which is directly oppofite to that which is expofed to the fun. The fourth figure fhews the hour-lines drawn upon the plane of the horizon of London, during the time that the fun is above that horizon, the longest day in fummer. The hour lines being thus found by the interfecting points of the meridians, let the meridians be taken away, as the fcaffolding is when the house is built; and what remains, as in figure 5, will be an horizontal dial for London. If, inftead of 24 meridians, as above described, we take twice that number, we may, by obferving the points where they interfect the cutting plane, find the lines for every halfhour; or if we take four times that number, we may find the lines for every quarter of an hour, &c. We have here taken the horizon for the interfecting plane, by which the method of making horizontal dials is explained. If we take any other for the interfecting plane, and find points where the meridians cut it, and draw lines from the center of the plane to thofe points, we fhall have the hour-lines for that plane. Thus figure 6. fhews the method of drawing the hour-lines on a fouth plane, perpendicular to the horizon; and the 7th figure reprefents a direct fouth dial with its hour-lines, without the meridians, by means of which they were found. From what has been faid we may obferve, that the gnomon or style of a dial must always be parallel to the axis of the earth; and therefore in horizontal dials it will always make an angle with its plane equal to the latitude of the place; and in erect fouth dials, equal to the complement of the latitude. If the foregoing directions concerning a direct fouth dial be well confidered, it will not be difficult to understand the Rationale of fuch dials, as decline any number of degrees, from the fouth or north towards the east or weft. The The following Account of Mr. Baker (Page 279) has been publifhed by the Ordinary of Newgate. W ILLIAM BAKER, was about 38 years of age, and was the fon of very honeft and reputable parents, who kept a baker's fhop in Cannon Street. He was brought up at Merchant-Taylors fchool, where he had very liberal education beftowed on him; and about three years fince, he mar ried his own coufin, the daughter of a very honeft and reputable clergyman in Northamptonshire, with whom he had a handfome fortune. He was bred a grocer, in which business he fet up, with a very good fortune, in Cannon freet, upwards of fixteen years ago; which bufinefs he followed about feven years, and acquired in that time, a confiderable addition to his fortune. At the expiration of this time he commenced fugar-baker with one Mr. Carter, to which business alone, had he applied himself, he might have been worth fome thousands of pounds, and lived in credit and happiness all his days; but being in hopes of encreafing his fortune, he constantly attended the East-India company's fales, where he has bought to the amount of tenthousand poundfworth of goods at a time, and always took care to pay for the faid goods at the time appointed by the company. But as he fuftained every now and then confiderable great loffes upon the goods bought at thefe fales, at laft his fortune was greatly diminished, and in a manner loft; which (unfortunately for him) induced him to make use of the unhappy methods for which he has fuffered, to raise money, only to fupply prefent purposes, without direct intention to have defrauded any perfon whatever, but on the contrary, in hopes to have had fome lucky chance or other, in his large undertakings, to have redeemed his past loffes; and his real intentions, he declared, was to have paid the Gentleman in full of whom he bor rowed the money; his flattering hopes gave him ftrong prefumption fo to think. He was a man that never was addicted to drinking, gaming, &c. the vices of the age, nor given to any extravagancy whatever. He was a man that bore an exceeding good character in the world, which did appear from the character given him by feveral worthy Gentlemen, and fome of the moft eminent Merchants of this great metropolis, who appeared on his behalf upon the trial; so that had his intention been really inclined to have defrauded, he might have got many thousands of pounds of money and effects into his hands, of other people's, and gone off with the fame, without the leaft fufpicion from any perfon whatever. N. B. As he used to buy fuch large quantities of goods at these fales, he was obliged to borrow large fums upon intereft, to make good his payments; for which fums he has, upon an average, paid above four-hundred pounds, per ann. for intereft, for upwards of thefe eight years paft, and had continually great loffes upon thefe goods likewife. He, with the utmost sense of the badnefs of the practice, acknowledged his having been but too much concerned in handing about bad India warrants. He was content to be made an example to the juftice of his country, and wifhed it might have the effect intended, viz. to prevent any one for the future from attempting to make use of fuch unwarrantable measures, as by ferving their own prefent purposes, may impofe upon, and defraud any individual, or body of men. The following is a note of hand given by Mr. Baker, and a particular account of the affair relating to it, al fo under his own hand. London, 174 fwer for all my actions before a true and juft God, what I did was with I Promife to pay to Mr. John Barnes, ont confideration or benefit, directly of or order, nine-hundred twenty-two pounds, ten fillings, on demand for value received. As in all probability an affair of me, William Baker, concerning the bankruptcy of William Sandys, tea man (about nine years fince) may at this time be mentioned to my prejudice, the cafe is as follows: Mr. John Barnes, an eminent tea-broker, came to me, and defired I would give him cafh for a note of Mr. Sandys's hand, payable to the faid Mr. John Barnes, or order, for nine-hundred twenty-two pounds, ten fhillings, but I had not fo much cafh by me; he defired I would give him my note of hand for the fame, which I did in form, as above. He told me he would indorfe Mr. Sandys's note to me, which I took, I was fatisfied with his indorsement, knowing him fufficient to answer the fum to me. After this Mr. Barnes defired me to prove Mr. Sandys's note of hand under the commiffion, as he was become a bankrupt; upon which I afked him, How I could prove it, as having no concern with the bankrupt? He told me, as he had my note of hand for the fame value, I might prove it, and fay, it was for a valuable confideration. Upon this I went to prove the note, but in my hurry, as having never proved a debt before under a commiffion, and there being great debates and quarrelling at the meeting, I inadvertently proved the note for goods old and delivered, neither did I know at that time, but the whole money was due to Mr. Barnes, this note being given by Mr. Sandys to him, on a mortgage of teas; but upon enquiry into the bankrupt's affairs, Mr. Barnes was intitled to prove no more than twohundred and ninety pounds; and I moft folemnly declare, as I muft foon an indirectly, or any promife or reward whatever, but to the contrary, I was one-hundred eighty-fix pounds out of pocket for the fame, and only have received forty pounds of Mr. Barnes, towards the expences I was put to. Witness my hand, this 24th of December, 1750. W. Baker. In refpect to the above account given by Mr. Baker, under his own hand, he always, when talked to upon that affair, did declare, viz. That in his confcience he did believe Mr. Barnes had no intention of impofing upon him, or putting him upon doing an unjuftifiable thing; but, on the contrary, he was verily perfuaded Mr. Barnes had no other view, but to receive only his juft due and added, that from what did arife of his own knowledge of that Gentleman, and the reputation bore with the mercantile part of the worl world, among whom were his grand concerns, he could not entertain an opinion that Mr. Barnes would knowingly have put him upon doing a wrong thing. To this purpofe was always his declaration; he expreffed himself to the fame effect the Sunday evening before his execution, in prefence of feveral of his particular friends, who came to take leave of him, and continued in the fame way of thinking to the laft, as may be made appear by a letter which Mr. Baker fent to Mr. Barnes, the night before execution. out any foundation, he gave no ear to them, and paffed by them with generous difdain, saying, What he really had in juftice to answer for, was fufficient weight for him to bear, and he was forry the world fhould endeavour to load him with more than what really belonged to him. Where he has done an injury, the injured must be but too fenfible of it, and need not to be told what is done; and where there is no injury done, there is no particular right to call Mr. Baker's character in queftion, fince he has fatisfied the juftice of the law by his fuffering; and as he owned the justice of the punishment inflicted on him, and fubmitted willing T ly to his fate, he wifhed this might fo far plead in his behalf, as to put a ftop to all falfe reports; that the family to which he belonged, already fufficiently afflicted upon account of the unhappy measures he pursued, might not still have additions to their forrows. His behaviour all along was quite compofed and refigned, and fuch as was, by all that faw him to the last minutes, admired and approved of. He was conducted to the place of execution in a mourning coach, attended by a hearfe to receive his body; and was buried at St. Swithin's, London-stone. The BRITISH MUSE 1 CONTAINING Original POEMS, SONGS, DANCES, &c. Advice to Old Men. AKE heed, ye elders, let your guide be truth The fincere leffon learn from gen'rous youth: The young crow's neft, to build compleat their own: True emblem of the world's detefted ways, . ceit; Indulgent nature dictates what is right, Thom. *Deal with an boneft man as à rogue; a pin a day is a groat a year... EPITAPH intended for Mr. Dan, G---, ERE Daniel lies clofe in his den, H Defying devils, lions, men ; Content within his little fall, 'Mongft thousand infects in the spring, The watching fparrow one efpies; So infect man, we daily fee, R. M. The |