A History of the Commercial and Financial Relations Between England and ... - Alice Effie Murray - Google Books

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TABLE OF CONTENTS.

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Ireland Past and Present-Object of the Monograph-Early

Commercial Relations between England and Ireland-The

Mercantile System and its peculiar Bearing on Ireland-

Estimate of English Policy.

IRELAND AT THE RESTORATION

The Cromwellian Settlement-The Restoration Policy-State

of Trade and Industry-Economic Condition of the People-

England and Ireland Contrasted.

THE RESTORATION AND ITS COMMERCIAL POLICY

Irish Export Trade in Live Stock-Growing Apprehensions

and Jealousy in England-First Act against Irish Cattle-

Remonstrances of Ormonde-Effects of the Act-Further

Jealousies in England-Final Act against the Importation of

Irish Cattle, Sheep, Swine, and their Products - Increased

Distress in Ireland-Ultimate Effects of the Act-The Navigation

Acts of Charles II. and their Effects-Efforts of the Irish

Parliament and Ormonde to Promote Trade and Industry-

English Duties on Irish Manufactures-Prosperity of Ireland

till the Revolution.

Ireland after the Revolution-Peculiar Reasons for Restrictive

Policy adopted towards Ireland-Destruction of the Irish Foreign

Trade in Woollen Goods-Effects of the Measure.

THE PERIOD OF RESTRICTION (continued)

The Navigation Laws and their Effects-Further Restrictions

on Irish Trade and Industry: (a) the Cotton Manufacture, (b) the

Glass Manufacture, (c) the Brewing Industry, (d) the Sugar

Refining Industry, (e) the Fish Curing Industry-Encouragement

given to Ireland to Export Unmanufactured Iron to Great Britain

-Irish Foreign Trade in Provisions Unrestricted-Irish Trade

further Hampered by Establishment of Exclusive British

Companies Trading to the East and other Parts-Practical Aims

of English Statesmen as Exemplified in their Commercial Policy

towards Ireland-General Effects of English Policy on the

Economic Condition of the Irish People.

THE IRISH WOOLLEN INDUSTRY

The Irish Woollen Industry Previous to the Restoration--

From the Restoration to the Revolution-After the Revolution—

Maintenance of the Industry after the Acts of 1698 and 1699—

Obstacles to the Progress of the Manufacture after the Con-

cessions of 1799.

THE IRISH LINEN INDUSTRY.

Early History of the Industry-Attempts of Strafford to

promote it-Efforts of the Duke of Ormonde and the Irish

Parliament-Slow Progress of the Manufacture-The "Compact"

of 1698-Crommelin and the Industry-Settlement of Protestant

Linen Weavers in the North and at Waterford-English Legisla-

tion in favour of the Industry-Vigorous Action of the Irish

Parliament-Establishment of the Linen Board-Extension of

Crommelin's Patent - General Progress of the Manufacture

during the First Half of the Eighteenth Century-The Irish

Sail Cloth Manufacture and Repressive British Legislation-

British Bounties on British and Irish Linens-Further Bounties

on British Linens only-General Progress of the Industry during

the Latter Half of the Eighteenth Century-Progress of the

English and Scotch Linen Manufactures-Hindrances to the

Development of the Linen Manufacture in Ireland-Its great

Progress in Spite of many Difficulties.

IRISH AGRICULTURE

Increase of Pasture Lands at the Expense of Tillage-Reasons

for this-The Irish Provision Trade during the Eighteenth

Century-Condition of the Peasantry-Early Efforts of the Irish

Parliament to promote Tillage-Decline of the English Corn

Trade and the Rise of the Irish-Foster's Corn Laws of 1784

and their Effects-Further Decline of the English Corn Trade

and the Rapid Growth of a great Export Trade in Corn from

Ireland-Evils Resulting from the too great Encouragement

given to Tillage in Ireland due to the Peculiar Condition of the

EARLY FINANCIAL RELATIONS BETWEEN ENGLAND AND IRELAND

Control of the Irish Parliament over Finance-Irish Finances

at the End of the Seventeenth Century-Irish Finances during

the Eighteenth Century - Contribution of Ireland towards

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Imperial Needs: (a) the Military Establishment, (b) the Pension

List-Financial Abuses and Administrative Corruption-Efforts

of the Irish Parliament to Check Absenteeism-Success of the

Irish Parliament in Establishing a Modified Control over Finance

-Estimate of English Financial Policy.

THE AMERICAN WAR AND FREE TRADE

Effect of the American War upon Ireland-Poverty of the

Country during the Years preceding the War-Commercial

and Financial Distress produced by the War-Early Efforts in

Ireland to obtain an Enlargement of Trade-Proposals of the

British Parliament in 1778 in favour of Irish Trade-Indignation

in Great Britain and Substantial Modifications of the Proposals

-Act of 1778-Disappointment in Ireland-Beginning of Violent

Agitation for Free Trade aggravated by the Existing Distress-

The Volunteer Movement-Non-importation Associations

Position of the Irish Government-Debates in the British

Parliament in 1779 on the Subject of the Repeal of the Com-

mercial Restrictions Reports ordered to be Drawn up

Concerning the State of Ireland-Substance of these Reports-

Grattan and the Patriotic Party in the Irish Parliament-Irish

Commons' Address to the King on the Necessity of Free Trade

-Excitement and Disturbances in Dublin-Enthusiastic Debate

in the Irish Commons-Government convinced of the Necessity

of Yielding-Hasty Repeal of the Principal Commercial Restric-

tions by the Acts of 20 Geo. III. cc. 10 and 18-Enthusiasm in

Ireland-No Finality in the Concessions.

AFTER FREE TRADE

Renewed Unrest in Ireland-Agitation for Legislative Indepen-

dence-Volunteer Meeting at Dungannon-Change in British

Policy-Grattan's Declaration of Irish Rights embodied in

Address to the King, April 16th, 1782-Repeal of British Declara-

tory Act of 6 Geo. I.-Dissatisfaction in Ireland-British Act

renouncing explicitly all Legislative and Judicial Supremacy

over Ireland-New Phase in Commercial Relations between

Great Britain and Ireland-Distress in Ireland and Demand for

Protective Duties against British Manufactures-Reasons for

this Demand to be found in the still existing Commercial

Inequality between the two Countries-Commercial Policy of

the Irish Parliament-Renewal of the Non-importation Agree-

ments.

THE COMMERCIAL PROPOSITIONS OF 1785

Reasons for a new Commercial Adjustment-History of the

Commercial Propositions-The Eleven Propositions-Agitation

in Great Britain-Pitt's Twenty Propositions-Their Reception

in Ireland-Abandonment of the Scheme.

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PROGRESS OF IRISH TRADE AND INDUSTRY FROM 1780 TO THE

General Prosperity of the Period-The Woollen Manufacture

-The Glass Manufacture-The Cotton Manufacture - The

Linen Manufacture-The Silk Manufacture-The Sugar Refining

Industry-The Brewing and Distilling Industries-Efforts to

Develop Irish Coal-fields and Iron Works-Irish Fisheries-

The East India Trade-General Summary.

IRISH FINANCES FROM 1782 TO THE UNION

Improvement in Irish Finances from 1782 to 1793-Financial

Policy of the Irish Parliament-The Responsibility, Pension, and

Place Bills of 1793-The French War and increased Military

Expenditure-Continued Prosperity of Ireland-Outbreak of the

Rebellion and further Military Expenditure-Universal Distress

-Irish Expenditure from 1793 to 1797-Irish Expenditure from

1797 to 1801-Increase of Irish National Debt-Commercial and

Financial Distress after 1797 due to the Rebellion combined with

the increasing Cost of the French War.

History of the Idea of a Legislative Union between England

and Ireland-Change of Feeling after the American War-The

Union made easy by the Rebellion-Commencement of the

Union Proposals in 1798-Progress of the Measure in the British

and Irish Parliaments in 1799-Foster's Speech against the Union

-Debates on the Union Proposals in the Irish Parliament in

1800-Lord Castlereagh's principal Explanation of the Com-

mercial and Financial Arrangements, Feb. 5th-Foster's Answer,

Feb. 27th-Grattan's Speech against the Committal of the Union

Bill, May 26th-Success of Government-Progress of the Union

Proposals in the Irish House of Lords-Protest of Twenty

Dissentient Peers on the Financial Arrangements - Union

Resolutions finally Passed by both Irish Houses-Passed by

British Parliament-Embodied in a Bill by Irish Parliament-

Final Efforts of the Opposition in the Irish House of Commons

-Their Address to the King on the Financial Arrangements

negatived-Final Passing of the Bill by both Parliaments-

The Commercial Arrangements of the Treaty of Union-The

Financial Arrangements-Criticism of (a) the Commercial

Arrangements, (b) the Financial Arrangements.

General Survey-Irish Commerce and Industry-Economic

Condition of the Irish People from the Union to the Famine-

Their Condition since the Famine.

From the Union to 1817-Amalgamation of the Exchequers

and Commencement of System of Indiscriminate Taxation

between Great Britain and Ireland-From 1817 to 1853-After

1853-Increasing Expenditure on Irish Services-Fiscal Reforms

of the Century and their Effects on Great Britain and Ireland

THE IRISH FINANCIAL PROBLEM

Discussions concerning the Financial Condition of Ireland-

The Select Committee of 1864-The Financial Relations Com-

mission of 1894-96-Summary of its Final Report-Criticism

of the Report-The Real Problem.

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND PROSPECTS IN IRELAND TO-DAY

General Survey-Agricultural Co-operation-Rural Industries

-Fisheries-Hope for the Future.

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422

EXTRACT OF A LETTER From the bishop of Derry TO MR. ANNEsley,
JUNE 15TH, 1689, CONCERNING THE RESTRICTIONS ON THE IRISH

PROVISIONS EXPORTED FROM IRELAND, 1764 TO 1800

TABLE II. CORN EXPORTED FROM AND IMPORTED INTO IRELAND, 1801

TABLE III. WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES EXPORTED FROM IRELAND, 1801

TABLE IV. LINEN MANUFACTURES EXPORTED FROM IRELAND, 1802 TO

TABLE V. COTTON MANUFACTURES EXPORTED FROM IRELAND, 1802 TO

TABLE VI. GLASS EXPORTED FROM IRELAND, 1801 TO 1823

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