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INDEX.

A

ABBEYS, dissolution of, page 294.
Abercrombie, sir Ralph, loses his life
Egypt, 755.

{Alexandria is stormed by the French, 743;
they sustain a defeat near the town, and
are dispossessed of the place by the En-
inglish, 755; it is again taken, 789, but
soon abandoned.

Abhorrers, friends of the court, 478.
Aboukir, a scene of British triumph, 744,

755.

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Ally, Hyder, harasses the English in the
East Indies, 705, 715; his death, 716.

Khan, obtains by perfidy the vice-
royalty of Bengal, 632.
Alliawe, triple, 463; quadruple, 575; of
the house of Bourbon, 633; between the
French and the Americans, 680; of
Great Britain, Austria, Russia, and Swe-
den against France, 764; a new Anti-
Gallican league, 814; between Great
Britain and Sweden, 816; another grand
alliance against the French, 816; won-
derful success of the allies, 825, 828.
Almanza, battle of, 533.
Almeida surrendered, 801.
Alnwick, battle of, 103.
America discovered, 272; colonised in part
by the English, 371, 396.

Alfred the Great, account of, 28; he is
incessantly molested by the Danes, 29;
driven into concealment, 30; is enabled
Acre, three sieges of, 111, 151, 753. by 'victory to resume the functions of
Acts of parliament-one for the capital royalty, 31; improves the state of the
punishment of heretics, 216; one for country and the minds of his people, 32;
the alienation of baronial estates, 268; his character, 33.
against the practice of keeping a multi- Algiers, bombardment of, 834.
tude of dependents, 269; against punish-Alkmaar taken by the duke of York, 752;
ing the assistants of the king for the evacuated, ib.
time being, 270; act of the six articles,
or the bloody statute, 295; various acts of
religious reform, 313, 316, 340; laws
against catholics, 354; petition of right,
390; act against the continuance of the
high-commission court and star-cham-
ber, 401; one for uniformity in religion,
457; for a test, 466; habeas corpus act,
476; bill of rights, 505; act of toleration,
506; one for triennial parliaments, 516;
for regulating trials in cases of treason,
ib.; for an union with Scotland, 537;
against riots, 566; septennial act, 574;
one for preventing clandestine marriages,
616; one for imposing stamp-duties on
the Americans, 650; one for regulating
contested elections, 653; one for re-
stricting the royal family in point of
marriage, 656; one for a reform in Brit-Americans oppose the stamp-act, 651;
ish India, 657; for the administration
of Canada, 659; a new act for the gov-
ernment of India, 703; an important
declaratory act, 724; two bills of an ar-
bitrary complexion, 737; for a legisla-
tive incorporation with Ireland, 755;
for the abolition of the slave trade, 774;
for a regency, 802.
Addington, Henry, admistration of, 756.
Aghrim, battle of, 512.
Agricola, exploits of, 9.
Aix-la-Chapelle, peace of, 613.

Alban's St., two battles near, 237, 239.
Alexander, emperor of Russia, makes peace
with Great Britain, 757; forms an alli-
ance with our court against France, 764;
joins his troops to those of Austria, 765;
but without effect, ib.; in another war
he is also unfortunate, 785; is exposed
to a dangerous invasion, 807, repels the
enemy, 809; invades France with suc-
cess, 823; visits England, 824; settles
the affairs of Europe in the congress of
Vienna, 825.

break out into commotions at Boston,
658; hold a general congress, 660; are
involved in war, 665; declare the pro-
vinces independent, 669; obtain peace
and emancipation, 700, 719; the United
States enter into a war with Great
Britain, 812; agree to a peace, 830.
Amiens, peace of, 757.
André, major, case of, 689.

Anjou, Margaret of, a fierce champion of
the Lancastrian party, 237, 239, &c.
Anne, queen, enters into a war with
France, 522; her troops obtain frequent
victories, 528, 531, 543, 544; her sea-
men also triumph, 524, 529; she effects
a legislative union with Scotland, 537;
changes her ministry, 547; makes peace,
556; her death and character, 559.
Anson, a gallant admiral, 593.
Ardres, splendid congress near, 280.
Argyle, Archibald earl of, takes up arms
against James II., 488; is put to death, ib.
John duke of, engages the Scot-
tish rebels, 569.

466.

Arlington, earl of, one of the cabal, 463, Bolingbroke, lord, character of, 558; he is
outlawed, 566; pardoned, 581.
Bonaparte, Napoleon, invades Italy with

Armada, the Spanish, 362.

Arragon, Catharine of, is divorced in de-a French army, 738; meets with success
fiance of the pope, 290.

Arras, league of, 224.

Arthur, the hero of Britain, 17.

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duke of Bretagne, melancholy
fate of, 120.

Arts and sciences, cultivation of, 25, 371,
384.

Arundel, Humphry, the leader of a rebel
army, 318.

Ascalon, battle of, 111.
Assassins, in Syria, 151.

Athelstan, a respectable prince, 34.
Athlone, taken by general Ginckel, 512.
Atterbury, bishop, banishment of, 580.
Audley, lord, execution of, 265.
Augustine converts the English to Chris-
tianity, 20.

Austerlitz, battle of, 767.
Azincourt, battle of, 222.

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in the Austrian dominions, ib.; is victo-
rious in Egypt, 753; invades Syria, ib.;
seizes the sovereignty of France, 760;
makes overtures of peace to the British
court, 761; concludes the treaty of Ami-
ens, 757; prosecutes an arbitrary career,
759, 764; is involved in a new war with
Great Britain, 759; title of emperor,
760; addresses a pacific letter to his
Britannic majesty, 761; a new war with
Austria, 764; intimidates the emperor
into a pacification, 754; procures the
crown of Naples for his brother Joseph,
776; invades Russia, 807; retreats with
disgrace, 809; is assailed by a formidable
league, 814; escapes with difficulty from
Leipsic, 818; is dispossessed of his cap-
ital, and deposed, 824; sent to Elba as
sovereign of the island ib.; quits his re-
treat, and invades France, 826; resumes
his power, 827; is defeated at Waterloo,
828; again dethroned, 830; surrenders
to the English, ib.; by whom he is sent
to St. Helena, ib.

Bonaparte, Lucien, taken, 802.
Bonne, reduction of, 525.

Bonner, bishop, cruelties of, 333.
Borodino, battle of, 808.

Bosworth, battle of, 255.

Baliol, John and Edward, kings of Scot- Bothwell, earl of, favourite of queen Mary

land, 158, 183.

Balmerino, lord, fate of, 610.
Bannockburn, battle of, 174.

Barcelona reduced by the English, 531.
Bards, massacre of the Welsh, 156.
Barnet, battle of, 243.

Barons, render themselves formidable, 93;
enter into a confederacy against John,
127; against his son, 143; against Ed-
ward II., 172; and Richard II., 203;
they are repressed by the seventh Henry,

268.

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of Scotland, 346.

Boyne, the river, a memorable scene of
action, 510.

Braddock, general, defeat of, 620.
Breda, peace of, 462.
Bretigni, peace of, 196.
Britain, origin of the name of, 1; its early
state, manners, customs, arts, and gov.
ernment, of the people, 2, 3; the Ro-
mans subdue a great part of the island,
9; the Saxons invade the country with
success, 16. See England.

Bruce, or de Brus, Robert, assumes the
sovereignty in Scotland, 168; obtains a
signal victory over the English, 175.

David, is defeated and captured,

192.
Bubble, South-Sea, 572.
Buckingham, Stafford, duke of, the abettor
of Richard III.'s usurpation, 250; put
to death by the tyrant, 253.

Villiers, duke of, the fa-
vourite of James and Charles L., 379,

Bill for the exclusion of the catholic 386; falls by the hand of an assassin,

James, 478.

Blake, admiral, exploits of, 439, 443.
Blenheim, success of the allies at, 528.
Blore-heath, battle of, 237.
Boadicea, a British heroine, 8.
Boleyn, Anne, falls a victim to the cruelty
of a tyrannical husband, 297; her ad-
mired letter to Henry, ib.

393.

Character of the next duke, 464.
Buenos-Ayres, reduction of, 776; it is re-
covered by the Spaniards, 782; re-at-
tacked in vain, 790.

Bunker's-hill, battle of, 667.
Burdett, sir Francis, imprisonment of, 800.
Burgh, Hubert de, a justiciary and min-
ister, 137.

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of Strafford and archbishop Laud, ib; vio-
lates the constitution, 395; takes up arms
for the chastisement of Scottish male-con-
tents, 398; convokes the long parliament,
400; finds the torrent running strongly
against him, 403; accuses his chief op-
posers of high-treason, 408; is stripped
of almost all his privileges, 409; erects
his standard at Nottingham, 412; has a
drawn battle with the forces of the par-
liament, 413; is ruined in the field of
Naseby, 419; tried by an extraordinary
commission, 429; brought to the block,
432. His character, ib.
Charles II., wonderful escape of, 438; his
restoration, 454; his character, 455; he

Cabal, a set of unprincipled ministers, 463. disgusts his subjects, 458; rushes into a
Cade, rebellion and death of, 236.
Cadiz, attempt upon, 386.

Caesar, Julius, attacks the Britons, with-
out subduing them, 4, 5.
Cairo, Grand, taken by the French, 743;
by the English, 755.

Calais, sieges of, 190, 337.

war with the states-general, 459; agrees
to a prudent alliance, 463; forms an im-
politic one, 464; promotes the peace of
Nimeguen, 467; is perplexed with a
pretended popish plot, 468; suffers many
Romanists to be sacrificed to the rage of
the people, 474, 475; agrees to a bill in

Calcutta, siege of, 631; a scene of horri- favour of liberty, 476; dissolves an in-

ble cruelty, ib.

Camden, battle of, 687.

Canada, conquest of, 640.
Candy subdued, 830.

Cannon, first used by the English at the
battle of Crecy, 188.

Canute obtains the English crown, 43;
acts as a wise prince, 44; anecdote of
him, ib.

Cape-Breton, seized by the English, 637.
Caractacus, a brave defender of his coun-
try, 7.

Carre, Robert, an unworthy favourite,
377; he promotes the murder of Over-
bury, 378.

Carteret, lord, an ambitious statesman,

600.

Carthagena, fruitless attempt upon, 594.
Cary, lord Falkland, premature death of,

414.

Cassibelaunus, a British general, 4.
Castles, multiplication of, in England, 81.
Catesby, the projector of the gun-powder
plot, 374.

Catholics rage against the protestants, 332,
405; they are persecuted, 354, 474;
favoured with concessions, 690; fruitless
attempts for their complete gratification,
789, 820, 839.

Cerdic, the West-Saxon king, 17.
Charles I., when prince of Wales, under-
takes a romantic journey to Spain, 382;
is popular at his accession, 385; orders
expeditions to Spain and France, 386,
389; is involved in a serious contest with
the commons, ib.; enacts at their desire
the petition of right, 390; abruptly puts
an end to their debates, 391; is assailed
by a strong and acrimonious remon-
strance, ib.; loses his popularity, 393;
concludes peace, ih.; is misled by the earl

compliant parliament, 478; puts an end
to the meeting of one which he had con-
voked at Oxford, 480; erects a new spe-
cies of monarchy, 481; detects a con-
spiracy, 483; dies in the catholic per-
suasion, 486.

Edward, the pretender, has a very
narrow escape, 610.

Charles-town, reduction of, 686.
Charter, the great (Magna Charta), sub-
stance of, 130; its final establishment,

163.

Charlotte, princess, marriage, 832; death,
838.

Chatham, earl of, 680.
Chivalry, effect of, 198.

Christianity is established in Britain, 20.
Cintra, convention of, 796.
Claudius, the Roman emperor, subdues a
considerable part of Britain, 6.
Clergy, power and influence of the En-
glish, 54, 93; their cruelty, 216; their
state and character, 256; they are hum-
bled by Henry VII., 269; and by
George I., 562.

Clinton, sir Henry, acts as commander-in-
chief in America, 667, 683, &c.
Clive, a fortunate warrior, 632.
Closter-Seven, treaty of, 628.
Coalition between Mr. Fox and lord North,
717.

Cobham, lord, an object of ecclesiastical
cruelty, 219.

Commercial embarrassments, 603, 831.
Commons, first confirmed outline of the
house of, 147; established, 161.
Commonwealth, formed in Great Britain
and Ireland, 433; it is absorbed in a
protectorate, 442; restored, 448; abol-
ished, 453.

Compact, the family, 646.

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Company, the India, misconduct of, 703.
Constitution, the Anglo-Saxon, sketch of,
53; it is altered by the Normans, 54,
59; improved by Henry II., 91, 101;
by the barons in the reign of John, 130;
by Edward I., 170; by Henry VII.,
268; but more particularly at the Revo-
lution, 505.

Constitutions of Clarendon, 91; of Oxford,

142.

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Copenhagen, sea-fight near, 756; it is taken
by the English, 792.

Cornwallis, lord, an able general, 687; he
is unfortunate, 697; humbles Tippoo,
750; his death, 772.
Corporations, rise of, 147.
Covenant of Scotland, 397.

Dettingen, battle of, 601.
Digby, a catholic conspirator, 375.
Dissenters, great alarm among, 802.
Dogger-Bank, a scene of conflict, 708.
Domesday-book, a curious record, 63.
Dominica, reduction of, 646.
Douglas, sir Archibald, defeats Baliol, the
Drake, the circumnavigator, harasses the
Scottish king, 183.
Dresden, battle near, 817.
Spaniards, 353.
Druids, account of, 3.

bitrary minister, 319; a rebel against
Dudley, duke of Northumberland, an ar-
Dumblain, battle of, 569.
Mary, 326.

Duncan, a victorious admiral, 740.
Dunbar, battles near, 159, 435.
Dunkirk, delivered up to Cromwell, 443;
sold by Charles II., 458; besieged by
Frederic duke of York, 733; abandoned
ib.

Cranmer, the primate, account of, 288; he Dunning, John, an able speaker, elevated

is condemned to the flames, 334.

Crecy, battle of, 189.

Cromwell, earl of Essex, is sacrificed to the
caprice of a tyrant, 304.

Oliver, account of, 422; he
over-awes the commons, 423; defeats the
duke of Hamilton, 427; directs all the
proceedings against the king's liberty
and life, 428, &c.; attacks the royalists
and the catholics in Ireland, 435; per-
petrates a cruel massacre at Drogheda,
ib.; invades North Britain, ib.; routs
the Scots at Dunbar, 436; gains the bat-
tle of Worcester, ib.; crushes the new
republic, 440; obtains full sovereignty
as protector, 442; grants peace to the
Dutch, 443; weakens the maritime and
colonial power of Spain, ih.; is harassed
with severe inquietude, 446; dies, 447.
"" Richard a transient protector,
447.

Crusade, the first, 69; two others, 111,

151.

Culloden, battle of, 608.

to the peerage, 711.

Dunstan, an intriguing and ambitious

priest, 36.

Durham, battle near, 192.

E.

Economy, Burke's celebrated plan of, 702.
Edgar, a fortunate monarch, 38.

throne, 55, 58.
Atheling, is excluded from the

Edge-hill, battle of, 413.
Edmund I. and II. are murdered, 35, 43.
Edred, a brave but superstitious prince,

35.

Edward the elder, a warlike monarch, 31.

the Martyr, short reign of, 40.
the Confessor, government of, 45.
and policy, 143, 148, 149; is wounded
I. acquires high fame for courage
in Palestine, 152; corrects the disorders
ereign of Wales, 156; massacres the
of the administration, 153; becomes sov-
bards, ib.; invades Scotland, 159; con-
quers that kingdom, ib. 167; opposes the

Cyprus, isle of, reduced by the first Rich- French, 161; gives a full sanction to
ard, 111.

D.

Danby, the earl of, is impeached, 475; but
is screened by the king, 476.
Danes invade England, 26; reduce the
greater part of the kingdom, 42; are in-
corporated with the English, 46.
Dangerfield, plot of, 477.

Dardanelles, forced by the English, 787.
Darnley, lord, character of, 342; account
of his death, 345.

David, a Welsh prince, fate of, 156.
Denain, action at, 554.

Derwentwater, the earl of, supports the
pretender, 570; is punished with death,

573.

Despard, conspiracy of, 758.

Magna Charta, 163; dies in the midst
of a new war with the Scots, 170; sur-
Edward II. unfit to govern a spirited na-
vey of his reign, ib.
ite, ib.; is obliged to resign his authority,
tion, 171; encourages a Gascon favour-
in effect, to twelve of his nobles, 172; is
defeated by the Scottish king, 174; sup-
presses a rebellion, 176; finds an enemy
midable insurrection, 178; deposed, 179:
in his queen, 177; is assailed by a for-
and put to death with circumstances of
peculiar barbarity, 180.

ders her paramour to be hanged, 182;
III. imprisons his mother, and or.
defeats the Scots, 183; asserts his claim
to the crown of France, 185; prospers
both by sea andland, ib. ; obtains a mem-

Ethribald and Ethelbert, joint kings of En-
gland, 28.

orable victory at Crecy, 189; and de- Erskine, appointed lord chancellor, 773.
prives the French of Calais, 191. His Essex, character of the earl of, 364; his
queen takes the king of Scotland pris- death, 369.
oner, 193; and his son the Black Prince,
routs the French near Poictiers, and
captures their sovereign, 194; the prince
is also victorious in Castile, 197. The
king meets with a reverse of fortune, ib.;
he loses his son, 198; characters of both
princes, ib.

IV. places himself on the throne,
240; triumphs at Towton, ib.; but is
afterwards obliged to quit the kingdom,
242; returns to victory and vengeance,
243; invades France, 246; murders the
duke of Clarence, ib.

V. is secretly put to death, 251.
VI. a young reformer, 313; is de-
luded into cruelty, 316; is harassed by

commotions, 313; sacrifices his two
uncles, 316, 322.

Edwin the Northumbrian, 21.
Edwy, an unfortunate king, 36.
Egbert unites the seven Anglo-Saxon king-
doms, 25; is harassed by the Danes,
triumphs over those barbarians, 26.
Egypt is invaded by the French, 743; re-
volutionised, ib.; restored by the En-
glish to its former government, 755.
Elgiva, Elfleda, and Elfrida, stories of, 37,

39.

Ethelbert, king of Kent, an able and for-
tunate prince, 20.

Ethelred, a spirited monarch, 28; another
prince of that name, 40.
Ethelwolf, a weak prince, 27.
Evesham, battle of 148.
Eugene, of Savoy, an able general, 526.
Eylau, battle of, 783.

F.

Fairfax, lord, a tool of Cromwell, 422.
Falkirk, battles near, 166, 608.
glish, to avoid a war, 654.
Falkland islands, abandoned by the En-

Feudal Law, introduction and establish-
ment of, 59.

Flodden, rout of the Scots at, 277.
Fox, Charles, heads the opposition, 670;
Fontenoy, battle of, 603.
is admitted into power, 711; resigns his
ford North, 717; is discarded for his
post, 716; recovers it by an union with
India bill, 724; regains ministerial
power, 773. His death, 778.
France, extraordinary revolution in, 732,
rapid success of the French arms, 734,
&c.; subversion of the monarchy, ib. ;
&c.; invasion of the country by the al-
lies, 821, 829.

Francis, the emperor, wars against France,
732, 753, 764.

Elizabeth with difficulty escapes the per-
secuting rage of her sister, 338; mounts
the throne with general applause, 339;
completes the reformation, 340; aims at
the humiliation of the Scottish queen,
342; acts in the most artful manner du-
ring the commotions of Scotland, 346;
promotes divisions on pretence of arbi-
tration, ib.; amuses Mary, when a pris-
oner in England, with hopes of friendly
protection, 349; puts to death the chief
friend of that princess, 351; interferes
in the religious disturbances of France,
352; governs in general with ability Frederic, duke of York, acts as a warrior,
and wisdom, ib.; wages war against the 733, 752.
Spaniards, 353; harasses the Romanists Fund, sinking, 724.
Friedland, battle of, 783.

for their aversion to her sway, 354; pre-
tends to dread the attempts of the parti-
sans of Mary, ib.; brings herrival to a pub-

Franklin, Benjamin, one of the leaders of
the Americans, 664.
Frederic, king of Prussia, conquers the
Silesian province, 599; is unfortunate
at Kolin, 628; but is victorious at Ros-
bach and Breslau, 641; visits England,

824.

G.

of knighthood, 199.

lic trial, 357; confirms the sentence pro- Gage, general, attacks the Americans, 665.
nounced against her, 358; and sacrifices Game-Act, an arbitrary law, 617.
an unfortunate queen to her vengeance, Gardiner, bishop, a persecuting bigot, 332.
361. The war with Spain continues, Garter, the most honourable English order
362; the formidable attempts of Philip
are baffled, 363; and the pre-eminence
of the English navy is established, 364.
The queen favours the earl of Essex, ib.;
and employs him against the Irish rebels,
365; but condemns him to death for a
mere show of insurrection, 369. She
bitterly laments his fate, ib. Her death
and character, 370.
Eltham, battle near, 265.
England, origin of the kingdom, 25.

Gascoigne, judge, noble behaviour of, 217.
Gates, an able American general, 668.
Gaveston, a court-favourite, is put to death
by malecontent barons, 174.
Gaunt, John of, an experienced statesman,
199.

George I. supersedes the pretender, 560;
his character, ib; he finds the people in
commotion, 561; issues a very extraor
dinary procla matin, 563; enacts a se-

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