in 1806 by Mr. James Cumming, who, accidentally meeting with an original copy, was impressed with its merits. But the unjustifiable liberties he took with the text, in order to suit his own peculiar notions of propriety, render it worthless as a fair presentation of the author's thoughts. Pickering published an edition in 1840, and in this the original text, as it stands in the edition of 1631, is happily restored.

[From the French of Jose-Maria de Heredia.]

THE ruined temple on the headland stands,
And Death has mingled in the yellow earth

Goddess of marble, brazen Hero's worth,
Their glory buried 'neath the grassy lands.

At times a drover with his shaggy bands
Breathes from his conch a tune of antique birth,
Filling calm sky and ocean's watery girth :
Behind his form the infinite blue expands.

Maternal Earth kind to the ancient Gods
Each springtime makes, with eloquence all vain,
Acanthus wreathe the capital again;

But Man to dreams indifferent onward plods
He hears, nor thrills, while through the nights serene
The Sea laments the Sirens that have been.

WILLIAM BAGSHAW.

"Great

Authorities. Anthony à Wood, "Athenae Oxonienses," Vol. iii., pp. 1237-1344; Aubrey, "Brief Lives," 1898, Vol. ii., pp. 44-47; Clarendon, Rebellion," 1702-1704, Vol. i., pp. 8, 162; Vol. ii., pp. 54, 189, 255, 465; Rushworth, "Historical Collections Abridged," 1703-1708, Vol. vi., p. 168; Carlyle, "Cromwell's Letters and Speeches," Vol. ii., p. 468; "Trial of the Regicides," 1713, p. 271; Colonel Henry Marten, "Familiar Letters to the Lady of his Delight," Oxford, 1663: passim.

ONE of the most distinguished of the civilians who flourished during the reigns of Elizabeth, James I. and the earlier years of Charles I., was Sir Henry Marten. Born in 1560, he graduated at Oxford, where he became perpetual Fellow of New College, and devoted himself with great success to the Civil Law. He soon won renown as an advocate in Doctors' Commons and later in the Court of High Commission. In due course he became Judge of the Admiralty, twice Dean of the Arches and Judge of the Prerogative. After a long and brilliant career he died on September 26th, 1641, having lived long enough to make a large estate at Longworth, near Abingdon, in Buckinghamshire, and to see the prodigal life of his son the famous or infamous Harry Marten. From two hints. in Clarendon he would seem to have tended towards Puritanism; though the editor of his son's "Familiar

Letters" (1663) styles him somewhat irreverently, "That old blew-nosed Catholic," a statement which implies that he was at least a member of the Established Church, in which case he would be a Calvinist, like Bishop Hall and Thomas Fuller. It is quite certain that he protested vigorously against the ill-starred Canons of 1640 drawn up by that unlucky Convocation, whose indiscretions led to the death of Archbishop Laud and later to that of the King himself.

Whatever may have been the prevailing hue of the father's convictions in religious matters, the less said about those of the son the better. Harry Marten was no Puritan in any sense of the word, either moral or religious. With a very natural innocence the casual modern reader, who has learned in the boisterous and by no means impartial school of Carlyle to treat the Parliamentary leaders with indiscriminate reverence, expects to find all of the celebrated Court of the Regicides endowed with irreproachable morality no less than with rigid if fervid honesty. Harry Marten had no theological and but slight religious tincture: he was a man who gave little check to the licentiousness of his conduct, which must have almost broken the heart of that stout old Trojan his father.

Born within the city of Oxford in a house opposite to Merton College, he was gifted with great intellectual ability, and after graduation in 1619 he spent some time at the Inns of Court. He next travelled into France to extend his knowledge, in which laudable object he certainly succeeded, though whether in the direction of his father's wishes or not may well be doubted. On his return an unwelcome bondage met him in the person of a rich but unloveable wife, whom his father compelled him to marry, and thus probably ruined his morality for the rest of his life. After living with her for some time he parted from her, and as Aubrey hath it, "he was a great lover of pretty girls, to whom he was so liberal that he spent the greatest part of his estate." King Charles, with that rigid

moral purity which became him so well, refused to see a race in Hyde Park, though he had come out to that end, because of the presence of "that ugly rascal," who was forthwith unceremoniously bundled out of the royal presence. Indeed his Most Sacred Majesty is said to have characterised Marten's particular vice with a plainness admirable enough in itself, but hardly suited to the politer taste of the present day. The victim of the King's displeasure brooded over the public insult with that faithful memory, which neither forgot nor forgave, until the time came for taking a bitter and lasting revenge.

In 1640 Marten was elected a member both of the Short and Long Parliaments, in the second of which he did not forget his debt to the King, but threw all the weight of his considerable abilities into the scale of the opposition to the Government. So bitter was he upon many occasions, that once at least he was committed to the Tower for the use of such treasonable words as, "It is better one family should perish, than that the whole people should be destroyed." He was, however, of too much value to the Independents, with whom he sided, to languish long in prison, and the Presbyterians who had procured his incarceration, were forced to acquiesce in his speedy release. In politics he was a downright Republican; but his principles were rather of an academic character than rigidly practical, and were dominated by his hatred of the King. To show his lofty contempt of the royal office he is said upon one occasion to have forced open a great iron chest in Westminster College and taking out the Regalia to have invested therewith the old poet George Wither. The latter, being a man of reverend presence, burlesqued the King's part to perfection, to the vast amusement of the onlookers. An Independent himself, so far as he had any religion at all, Marten was not scrupulous about the taking of contradictory oaths at different dates. He gave great offence by his excuse for violating the Solemn League and Covenant, which he had taken and which he declared to be

"an old almanack out of date." He had no liking for Lords or similar dignitaries, yet his address was as modest as his person was neat: he was prodigal rather than covetous, and he always showed himself a champion of the oppressed. Aubrey, whose sympathies differed widely from those of Wood, has a high opinion of Marten, whom he glorifies as "a great and faithful lover of his country, who never got a farthing by the Parliament." Had the Wiltshire antiquary added, that his hero had squandered all that he got from that source, he would probably have come nearer the truth.

Marten's father left him the handsome fortune of £3,000 a year, whereto, following the well-established principle of giving more to those who already have enough, several relatives left him some additional thousands. According to Wood, the Parliament granted to him and to his heirs forever land to the value of £1,000 a year from the estates of the Duke of Buckingham. In this Parliament he was a resolute opponent of all moderate measures and of the majority of his fellow members. As one of those Grandees of the Independent Junto, whom Clement Walker denounces with pitiless severity, he wisely attached himself to Cromwell as the ablest man of the party. The Army, of which he was a Colonel, was his idol, and he took such advantage of his commission to plunder wherever he went, that he earned the expressive nickname of "the plunder-master general of the Army." Horses, goods, money, in his view, all had their uses; so far from always spending their proceeds in the service of the State, he lavished much upon more attractive metal. Indeed, Marten was in some apprehension of being called to account for his conduct of his regiment, with possible punishment: hence, on the 8th of December, 1648, he resumed his place in the House of Commons under the powerful wing of Oliver Cromwell, where, by a little timely eulogy, he escaped a too close scrutiny of his past misconduct.