all, and in the September of 1785, they manage to carry resolutions that "the Academy shall not be dissolved," but that henceforth "the students "be required to lodge in the houses of the tutors." But no resolution could revive the Academy. The students still dropped off, and the tutors had no heart left.

On 29th June, 1786, there was another full meeting of trustees, Thos. B. Bayley, Esq., in the chair, and a resolution, passed by a majority of 54 votes, for the last time decided the fate of the Warrington Academy.

It would now be of little interest to any one were I to unravel the tangle of conflicting interests, and contradictory schemes, which for nearly a year confused and divided the supporters of the Academy. A college at Manchester was at last established, and to this the Warrington trustees resolved to transfer their library and half the clear produce of the sale of the Academy buildings. The latter part of the gift was of no great value. The books still remain, and are still perhaps the finest part of the noble theological library of the Manchester college. Of that college itself-differ from its principles as, and how we like,-I need only say, that for seventy years it has continued with varying success to train up pious and enlightened ministers for that body of Christians, who founded the Warrington Academy. Established at Manchester, it then removed to York; it returned again to Manchester, and has now removed to London. Whatever may be its failings, it still retains the old Warrington characteristics of a freedom quite unshackled, a fearless daring in the search of truth, and a clear and penetrating glance into the deepest problems of theology.

NOTE. As a sequel to the history of the Academy, I add the advertisement that appeared, when all was over, and nothing was left but to sell the deserted buildings :

T°

WARRINGTON ACADEMY.

BE SOLD BY AUCTION, upon the premises, on Wednesday, the 28th of February next, between the hours of three and five in the afternoon, subject to such conditions of sale as shall then and there be produced, together or in lots, if not sooner disposed of by private contract, of which timely notice will be given,

All the Buildings, together with the vacant Lands, belonging to the late Academy at Warrington, in the county palatine of

Lancaster, containing in the whole 4280 square yards or upwards. The buildings are large and commodious, in good repair, and are most excellently adapted for an academy or school for young ladies or gentlemen.-They consist of,

First, Two very good dwelling-houses, neatly fitted up, each 12 yards in front, three stories high, four rooms on a floor, cellared under, with convenient kitchens, yards and out-offices.

Second, A building, lately occupied for students' rooms, three stories high, about 23 yards in front, and 12 yards in depth.

Third, A building, three stories high, lately occupied as a common hall and library, with rooms over, in front 22 yards and a half.

There are two plots of vacant ground, the one containing 600, the other 1900 square yards.

For particulars enquire of Ellis Bent, Esq., and James Leyland, builder, in Warrington, with the latter of whom a plan is left, and who will shew the premises.

ON THE POPULATION OF LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE, AND ITS LOCAL DISTRIBUTION DURING THE

FIFTY YEARS 1801-51.

By J. T. Danson, and T. A. Welton, Esgrs.

PART THIRD.

(READ 13TH JANUARY, 1859.)

RECAPITULATION.

WE shall the better grasp what remains of this subject if we first consider shortly the results obtained through the two parts of the Paper already published.

We have found the two counties to have in round numbers:—

equal, in 1851, to about one-seventh of the population of England and Wales.

We separated the town population from the rest, under the rule that all aggregations of so many as 2,000 persons within an area of 180 acres (which allows about 200 square yards to each person, and agrees with such observations as we have been able to make of the towns of the NorthWestern district,) might be deemed "Towns." We thus found that the towns of Lancashire and Cheshire, in 1851, were 53 in number, and contained 1,610,000 persons, or about two-thirds of the whole population. This town population appears to have been placed upon about 67,000 acres of land, or about one twenty-eighth part of the entire area.

Then dividing the whole District into four regions, distinguished chiefly by the prevalent modes of employment, and marked with reference to the points of the compass, we have the following results:

A small map, in the last volume of our Transactions, shows the actual limits of these four regions.

The results elicited by a detailed examination of 204 of the parishes and townships not included in the towns, and selected as affording, together, a fair indication of the changes effected during the fifty years in the distribution of the country population, will be best gathered from a careful reading of Part II., in pages 14 to 24 of our Transactions, vol. X.

COUNTRY DISTRICTS.

We now return to the country districts as a whole. The figures about to be stated are all taken from the Tables appended to this part of the Paper; and these Tables also afford the means of readily extending the investigation, in further detail, to every Registration District in the two counties.

First throwing out the towns, with their population, and the 67,000 acres covered by them in 1851, we have remaining an area of 1,807,226 acres. Dividing this area according to the density of the population of its different parts, at the beginning and end of the half-century, under five heads, we obtain the following results:

* The figures here stated were obtained by calculating the density of population in every parish or township for which the Census furnishes the necessary data. Every

Bearing in mind that the towns are here excluded, under the rule stated above, we may obtain some idea of the significance of these figures by considering what is the density, so far as we have yet the means of indicating it, due to a merely agricultural population. Estimates of high authority make the cultivated land in England and Wales about twenty-nine millions, out of a total area of thirty-six-and-a-half millions of acres or rather less than four-fifths. In our two counties it may be safely taken to be above the average: or say, five-sixths. This would give us fifteen, out of eighteen hundred thousands of acres, cultivated.

The number of adult males (over 20 years of age) returned as employed in agriculture, in England and Wales, in 1851, gave an average, for the whole country, of 22 per square mile. In Lancashire the average was 29.6; in Cheshire 28.5. Taking 29. as a mean for the two counties, and deducting the land (300,000 acres) assumed to be uncultivated, we thus have, upon the cultivated land of Lancashire and Cheshire, an average of about 34.8 adult males per square mile, engaged in agriculture; and multiplying this number by five, to supply the women and children and other dependents of such a population, we have 174 per square mile, as the lowest presumable average population engaged in agriculture alone, in the cultivated districts of the two counties. But even in the most purely agricultural districts there are many persons not within the Registrar General's description as "employed in agriculture." And the lowest estimate we could form of the necessary population of a fully cultivated district would probably exceed 200 per square mile. We may therefore safely assume that of the districts above placed in class I., wherein no single township had so many inhabitants as 100 per square mile, a large proportion was composed of barren hills, woods, moors, marshy or boggy land, and sands skirting the seashore. But of this area

acre in the division was thus placed under one or other of the heads specified. In some instances, for want of more minute subdivisions, the densities were calculated on comparatively large areas: and we may reasonably conclude that local variations of importance have thus been merged in an average result, in accordance with which the whole area has necessarily been placed.

The area covered by towns in 1851, is, as above stated, disregarded; but it is proper to notice that according to the estimates upon which Tables III. and V. were founded, 49,439 of the 67,004 acres were not covered by towns in 1801, and would go to swell the extent of country districts of high density at that time.

The density of country population in England and Wales was in 1801 about 100 per square mile and in 1851 had become about 160 per square mile. This number is the average of districts ranging from the scarcely inhabited moors to those densely peopled districts which almost reach the definition of "a town,"

C