of the office, such copies of records, books and papers on 5 Stat. 111; 13 id. 375; R. S. 461, 891, 2469. Polk v. Wendell, 5 out names of offi. SEC. 475. Literal exemplifications of any records which Exemplificahave been or may be granted in virtue of the preceding sec- tions valid withtion shall be deemed of the same validity in all proceedings, cers signing and whether at law or in equity, wherein such exemplifications countersigning. are adduced in evidence, as if the names of the officers signing and countersigning the same had been fully inserted in such record. 5 Stat. 627; R. S. 891, 2470. Cir. G. L. O., July 20, 1875 (Copp's L. L. 824). whatsoever title sent of the United intruders for SEC. 476. If any person or persons shall take possession_Lands of the of, or make a settlement on any lands ceded or secured to United States, by the United States, by any treaty made with a foreign na- acquired, not to be occupied, postion, or by a cession from any State to the United States, sessed, or settled which lands shall not have been previously sold, ceded or but with the conleased by the United States, or the claim to which lands, by States. Titles of such person or persons, shall not have been previously recog-feited. nized and confirmed by the United States: or if any person or persons shall cause such lands to be thus occupied, taken possession of, or settled: or shall survey, or attempt to survey, or cause to be surveyed, any such lands; or designate any boundaries thereon, by marking trees, or otherwise, until thereto duly authorized by law; such offender or offenders, shall forfeit all his or their right, title, and claim, if any he hath, or they have, of whatsoever nature or kind the same shall or may be, to the lands aforesaid, which he or they shall have taken possession of, or settled, or caused to be occupied, taken possession of, or settled, or which he or they shall have surveyed, or attempt to survey, or cause to be surveyed, or the boundaries thereof he or they shall thorized to have President au-have designated, or cause to be designated, by marking them removed. trees or otherwise. And it shall moreover be lawful for the The mode of President of the United States, to direct the marshal, or doing this. officer acting as marshal, in the manner hereinafter directed, and also to take such other measures, and to employ such military force as he may judge necessary and proper, to remove from lands ceded, or secured to the United States, by treaty, or cession as aforesaid, any person or persons who shall hereafter take possession of the same, or make, or attempt to make, a settlement thereon, until thereunto authorized by law. And every right, title, or claim, forfeited under this act, shall be taken and deemed to be vested in the United States, without any other or further proceedings; authorized, under and it shall be lawful for the proper marshal, or officer actinstructions from ing as marshal, under such instructions as may for that purpose be given by the President of the United States, to remove from such lands any and every person or persons who shall be found on the same. Marshals, &c., the President, to oust intruders. rants. 2 Stat. 445, 480; 4 id. 665. Dupas v. Wassell, 1 Dillon, C. C. 213. 1 Op. Att. Gen. 164, 180, 471, 475, 703; 2 id. 575; 3 id. 255, 566; 7 id. 535; 10 id. 71, 184. Wood v. Railway Co., 11 Kansas, 323; Boston v. Dodge, 1 Blackf. (Ind.) 18; McKiernan v. Hesse, 51 Cal. 594; Duncan v. Hall, 9 Ala. 128; Floyd v. Ricks, 14 Ark. 286. Forging, coun- SEC. 477. Every person who falsely makes, alters, forges, terfeiting, or passing military or counterfeits any military bounty-land warrant, or military bounty-land war- bounty-land warrant certificate, issued or purporting to have been issued by the Commissioner of Pensions under any act of Congress, or any certificate of location of any military bounty-land warrant, or any duplicate thereof, or military bounty-land warrant certificate upon any of the lands of the United States, or any certificate of the purchase of any of the lands of the United States, or any duplicate certificate of the purchase of any of the lands of the United States, or any receipt for the purchase money of any of the lands of the United States, or any duplicate receipt for the purchase money of any lands of the United States, issued or purporting to have been issued by the register and receiver at any land office of the United States, or by either of them, or who passes, utters, or publishes as true any false, forged, or counterfeited military bounty-land warrant, military bountyland warrant certificate, certificate of location, or duplicate certificate of location, certificate of purchase, duplicate certificate of purchase, receipt or duplicate receipt, for the purchase money of any of the lands of the United States, knowing the same to be false or forged, shall be imprisoned at hard labor not less than three years nor more than ten years. 11 Stat. 381; R. S. 5420. Authentication SEC. 478. It may and shall be lawful for the keepers or of foreign records relating to lands. persons having the custody of laws, judgments, orders, decrees, journals, correspondence, or other public documents of any foreign government or its agents, relating to the title to lands claimed by or under the United States, on the application of one of the head of one of the departments, the Solicitor of the Treasury, or the Commissioner of the General Land Office, to authenticate the same under his hand and seal, and certify the same to be correct and true copies of such laws, judgments, orders, decrees, journals, correspondence, or other public documents; and when the same shall be certified by an American minister or consul under his hand and seal of office, or by a judge of one of the United States courts under his hand and seal, to be true copies of the originals, the same shall be sealed up by him and returned to the Solicitor of the Treasury, who shall file the same in his office, and cause it to be recorded in a book to be kept for that purpose. A copy of said laws, judgments, orders, decrees, journals, correspondence, or other public documents so filed, or of the same so recorded in said book, may be read in evidence in all courts, where the title to land claimed by or under the United States may come into question, equally with the originals thereof. used in land of fices. 9 Stat. 350, 351. U. S. v. Delespine's Heirs, 12 Pet. 654; U. S. v. Wiggins, 14 id. 334; U. S. v. Rodman, 15 id. 130; U. S. v. Delespine's Heirs, 15 id. 226; U. S. v. Brewart, 16 id. 143; U. S. v. Acosta, 1 How. 24; U. S. v. Le Blanc, 12 id. 435; U. S. v. Peralta, 19 id. 343. Gregory v. McPherson, 13 Cal. 562; People v. Kelly, 38 id. 145. SEC. 479. In all cases where any oath, affirmation, or af- Perjury in oaths fidavit shall be made or taken before any register or receiver, or either or both of them of any local land office in the United States or any Territory thereof, or where any oath, affirmation, or affidavit, shall be made or taken before any person authorized by the laws of any State or Territory of the United States to administer oaths or affirmations, or take affidavits, and such oaths, affirmations, or affidavits are made, used, or filed in any of said local land offices, or in the General Land Office, as well in cases arising under any or either of the orders, regulations, or instructions, concerning any of the public lands of the United States, issued by the Commissioner of the General Land Office, or other proper officer of the Government of the United States, as under the laws of the United States, in any wise relating to or effecting any right, claim, or title, or any contest therefor, to any of the public lands of the United States, and any person or persons shall, taking such oath, affirmation or affidavit, knowingly, wilfully, or corruptly swear or affirm falsely, the same shall be deemed and taken to be perjury, and the person or persons guilty thereof shall, upon conviction, be liable to the punishment prescribed for that offence by the laws of the United States. 11 Stat. 250, 251. People v. Kelly, 38 Cal. 145; Barrell v. How, 48 id. 223; Ainsworth v. Miller, 20 Kansas, 220. ters-patents. SEC. 480. Every person who falsely makes, forges, counter-Forgery of letfeits, or alters any letters-patent granted, or purporting to have been granted by the President of the United States; or who passes, utters, or publishes, or attempts to pass, utter, or publish as genuine, any such forged, counterfeited, or falsely altered letters-patent, knowing the same to be forged, counterfeited, or falsely altered, shall be punished by a fine of not more than five thousand dollars, and by imprisonment at hard labor not more than ten years. 4 Stat. 119; R. S. 5416. Forging, &c., SEC. 481. Every person who falsely makes, alters, forges, bid, public recor counterfeits any bid, proposal, guarantee, official bond, ord, &c. Forging deed, power of attor ney, &c. Having forged sion. public record, affidavit, or other writing, for the purpose of defrauding the United States, or utters or publishes as true any such false, forged, altered, or counterfeited bid, proposal, guarantee, official bond, public record, affidavit, or other writing, for such purpose, knowing the same to be false, forged, altered, or counterfeited or transmits to or presents at the office of any officer of the United States any such false, forged, altered, or counterfeited bid, proposal, guarantee, official bond, public record, affidavit, or other writing, knowing the same to be false, forged, altered, or counterfeited, for such purpose, shall be imprisoned at hard labor for a period not more than ten years, or be fined not more than one thousand dollars, or be punished by both such fine and imprisonment. 14 Stat. 12; R. S. 5418. SEC. 482. Every person who falsely makes, alters, forges, or counterfeits; or causes or procures to be falsely made, altered, forged, or counterfeited; or willingly aids or assists in the false making, altering, forging, or counterfeiting, any deed, power of attorney, order, certificate, receipt, or other writing, for the purpose of obtaining or receiving, or of enabling any other person, either directly or indirectly, to obtain or receive from the United States, or any of their officers or agents, any sum of money; or who utters or publishes as true, or causes to be uttered or published as true, any such false, forged, altered, or counterfeited deed, power of attorney, order, certificate, receipt, or other writing, with intent to defraud the United States, knowing the same to be false, altered, forged, or counterfeited; or who transmits to, or presents at, or causes or procures to be transmitted. to, or presented at, any office or officer of the Government of the United States, any deed, power of attorney, order, certificate, receipt, or other writing, in support of, or in relation to, any account or claim, with intent to defraud the United States, knowing the same to be false, altered, forged, or counterfeited, shall be imprisoned at hard labor for a period of not less than one year nor more than ten years; or shall be imprisoned not more than five years, and fined not more than one thousand dollars. 3 Stat. 771; R. S. 5421. SEC. 483. Every person who, knowingly and with intent papers in posses- to defraud the United States, has in his possession any false, altered, forged, or counterfeited deed, power of attorney, order, certificate, receipt, or other writing, for the purpose of enabling another to obtain from the United States, or any of their officers or agents, any sum of money, shall be fined and imprisoned at the discretion of the court. Occupants of land 3 Stat. 772; R. S. 5422. Dispossessed SEC. 484. When an occupant of land, having color of title, to have remedies in good faith has made valuable improvements thereon, and in certain cases. is, in the proper action, found not to be the rightful owner thereof, such occupant shall be entitled in the Federal courts. to all the rights and remedies, and, upon instituting the proper proceedings, such relief as may be given or secured to him by the statutes of the State or Territory where the land lies, although the title of the plaintiff in the action may have been granted by the United States after said improvements were so made. 18 Stat. 50. other railroads SEC. 485. Any railroad company now or hereafter incor- Connection of porated under any law of the United States, or of any State, with Union Pa which has been or may be organized by an act of Congress, cific, &c. may connect its road with the Union Pacific Railroad, or any of its branches. 12 Stat. 496; 18 id. 112; R. S. 5257. SEC. 486. Every railroad company in the United States, whose road is operated by steam, its successors and assigns, is hereby authorized to carry upon and over its road, boats, bridges, and ferries, all passengers, troops, Government supplies, mails, freight, and property on their way from any State to another State, and to receive compensation therefor, and to connect with roads of other States so as to form continuous lines for the transportation of the same to the place of destination. But this section shall not affect any stipulation between the Government of the United States and any railroad company for transportation or fares without compensation, nor impair or change the conditions imposed by the terms of any act granting lands to any such company to aid in the construction of its road, nor shall it be construed to authorize any railroad company to build any new road or connection with any other road without authority from the State in which such railroad or connection may be proposed. And Congress may at any time alter, amend, or repeal this section. 14 Stat. 66; R. S. 5258. Inter-state com munication. Compensation of directors, &c., appointed by the SEC. 487. Whenever, in any grant of land or other subsidies, made or hereafter to be made, to railroads or other corporations, the United States has reserved the right, or shall United States. reserve it, to appoint directors, engineers, commissioners, or other agents to examine the roads, or act in conjunction with other officers of such company or companies, all the costs, charges, and pay of such directors, engineers, commissioners, or agents shall be paid by the respective companies. Such directors, engineers, commissioners, or agents shall be paid for such services the sum of ten dollars per day, for each and every day actually and necessarily employed, and ten cents per mile for each and every mile actually and necessarily traveled, in discharging the duties required of them, which per diem and mileage shall be in full compensation for such services. In case any company shall refuse or neglect to make such payments, no more patents lands, when withfor lands or other subsidies shall be issued to such company held. until these requirements are complied with. 14 Stat. 299; R. S. 5259. Patents for |