uniformly attained the greateft perfection of their nature in temperate regions, 240.

Marco Polo, the Venetian, his extraordinary travels in the Eaft, i. 48.

Mareft, Gabriel, his account of the country between the Illinois and Machilimakinac, ii. 394.

Marina, Donna, a Mexican flave, her hiftory, ii. 260. Marinus, Tyrius, his erroneous pofition of China, i. 359.

Martyr, Peter, his fentiments on the first discovery of America, i. 372.

Maryland. See Virginia.

An

Maffachufets Bay. See America, New England, &c. Merchants, English, the right of property in the North American colonies, vefted in a company of, refident in London, iv. 172. Charters are granted to two companies of, to make fettlements in America, 179. Tenor and defects of thefe charters, 180. A new charter is granted to them, with more ample privileges, 193. They are divided by factions, 219. inquiry is inflituted into their conduct, 220. They are required to furrender their charter, which they refufe, 223. A writ of quo warranto is iffued out. against them, 224. They are tried in the court of King's Bench, and the company is diffolved, 225. Their charter is transferred to the colonies, 288. Meftizos, in the Spanish American colonies, diftinction between them and mulattoes, iv. 33.

Metals, useful, the original natives of America totally unacquainted with, ii. 128.

Mexicans, their account of their own origin, compared with later difcoveries, ii. 49. Their paintings few in number, and of ambiguous meaning, iii. 277. Two' collections of them difcovered, 278, note. Defcriptions of their hiftorical pictures, 418. Various exaggerated accounts of the number of human viЯims facrificed by them, 427. Their language furnished with refpectful terminations for all its words, +13. How they contributed to the fupport of government,

ibid.

Mexico,

Mexico, arrival of Fernando Cortes on the coast of, ii. 259. His interview with two Mexican officers, 262. Information fent to Montezuma, with fome Spanish prefents, 265. Montezuma fends prefents to Cortes, with orders not to approach his capital, 266, 267. State of the empire at that time, 268. The Zempoallans court the friendship of Cortes, 282. Several caziques enter into alliance with Cortes, 286. Character of the natives of Tlafcala, 294. The Tlafcalans reduced to fue for peace, 302. Arrival of Cortes at the capital city, 315. The city described, 320. Montezuma acknowledges him felf a vaffal to the Spanish crown, 337. Amount of the treasure collected by Cortes, 339. Reafons of gold being found in such fmall quantities, 341. The Mexicans enraged by the imprudent zeal of Cortes, 343- Attack Alvarado during the absence of Cortes, iii. 15. Their resolute attack on Cortes when he returned, 19. Death of Montezuma, 24. The city abandoned by Cortes, 26. Battle of Otumba, 33. The Tepeacans reduced, 41. I Preparations of the Mexicans against the return of Cortes, 45. Cortes befieges the city with a fleet on the lake, 59. The Spaniards repulfed in ftorming the city, 63. Guatimozin taken prisoner, 71. Cortes appointed governor, 88. His fchemes and arrangements,, 89. Inhuman treatment of the natives, 90. Reception of the new regulations there, 221. A retrofpect into the form of government, policy, and arts in, 271. Our information concerning, very imperfect, 275. Origin of the monarchy, 278. Number and greatnefs of the cities, 284. Mechanical profeflions there diftinguished from each other, 286. Diftinction of ranks, 287. Political inftitutions, 299. Power and fplendor of their monarchs, 294. Order of government, 295. Provifion for the fupport of it, ibid. Police of, 296. Their arts, 297. Their paintings, 299. Their method of computing time, 307. Their wars continual and ferocious, 3c8. Their funeral rites, 310. Imperfection of their agriculture, ibid. Doubts concerning the extent of the empire, 311. Little in

tercourfe

tercourse among its feveral provinces, 313. Ignorance of money, 315. State of their cities, 316. Temples and other public buildings, 317, 318. Religion of, 324. Caufes of the depopulation of this country, iv. 2. The small-pox very fatal there, 5. Number of Indian natives remaining there, 9. Lift and character of those authors who wrote accounts of the conqueft of, ii. 414. Defcription of the aqueduct for the fupply of the capital city, iii. 415. See Colonies.

Michael, St. the gulph of, in the South Sea, difcovered and named by Balboa, i. 288. The colony of, eftablished by Pizarro, iii. 125.

Migrations of mankind, why firft made by land, i. 1. Mind, human, the efforts of it proportioned to the wants of the body, ii. 97.

Mines of South America, the great inducement to population, iii. 359. Some account of, iv. 61. Their produce, 63. The spirit with which they are worked, 64. Fatal effects of this ardor, 66. Evidence of the pernicious effects of labouring in them, 335. Of Mexico, total produce of, to the Spanish revenue, iv. 364, 365, 366.

Molucca iflands, the Spanish claims on, fold by the Emperor Charles V. to the Portuguese, iii. 84.

Monaftic inftitutions, the pernicious effects of, in the Spanish American colonies, iv. 48. Number of convents there, 338.

Monfoons, the periodical courfe of, when discovered by navigators, i. 27.

Montefino, a Dominican preacher at St. Domingo, publicly remonftrates against the cruel treatment of the Indians, i. 303.

Montezuma, the firft intelligence received by the Spaniards of this prince, i. 342. Receives intelligence of the arrival of Fernando Cortes in his dominions, ii. 265. His presents to Cortes, 266. Forbids him to approach his capital, 267. State of his empire at this time, 268. His character, 269. His perplexity at the arrival of the Spaniards, 270. His timid negotia

tions with Cortes, 271. His fcheme for deftroying Cortes at Cholula discovered, 311. His irrefolute conduct, 315. His firft interview with Cortes, ibid. Is feized by Cortes, and confined to the Spanish quarters, 328. Is fettered, 332. Acknowledges himself a vaffal to the Spanish crown, 337. Remains inflexible with regard to religion, 342. Circumftances of his death, iii. 23. Account of a gold cup of his, in England, 415.

Mulattoes, in the Spanish American colonies, explanation of this distinction, iv. 33.

N

Narvaez, Pamphilo, is fent by Velafquez with an armament to Mexico, to fuperfede Cortes, ii. 348. Takes poffeffion of Zempoalla, iii. 8. Is defeated and taken. prifoner by Cortes, 13. How he carried on his correfpondence with Montezuma, 386.

Natchez, an American nation, their political inftitutions, ii. 139, 140. Causes of their tame fubmiffion to the Spaniards, 145. Their religious doctrines, 146. Navigation, the arts of, very flowly improved by mankind, i. 2. The knowledge of, prior to commercial intercourse, 3. Imperfections of, among the ancients, 6. More improved by the invention of the mariner's compafs, than by all the efforts of preceding ages, 51. The first naval discoveries undertaken by Portugal, 55.

Negroes, their peculiar fituation under the Spanish domimion in America, iv. 35. Are firft introduced into Virginia, 209.

New England, first attempts to fettle in, unsuccessful, iv. 257. Religious difputes give rife to the colony there, 258. A fettlement is formed at New Plymouth in Maffachufets Bay, 274. Plan of its government, 275. All property is thrown into a common stock, 276. A grand council is appointed, 277. A new colony

VOL. IV.

D D

colony is projected at Maffachufets Bay, and a char ter granted for its eftablishment, 280. Its fettlement there, 283. A new church is inftituted there, 284. Its intolerance, 285. Charter of the English company of merchants in London is transferred to the colonies, 288. The colony at Maffachufets Bay extends, 290. None but members of the church are admitted as freemen there, 291. Bad confequences of this regulation, 292. The fettlement increases, and the affembly is restricted to the reprefentatives of freemen, 294. Extent of political liberty affumed by the affembly, ibid. Spirit of fanaticism spreads in the colony, 295. New fettlers arrive, and the doctrines of the Antinomians are condemned by a general fynod, 299. Sectaries fettle in Providence and Rhode ifland, 300. Theological contefts give rife to the colony of Connecticut, 301. Emigrants from Maffachufets Bay fettle in Connecticut, 303. The Dutch, who had eftablifhed a few trading towns on the river there, peaceably withdraw, ibid. Settlements are formed in the provinces of New Hampfhire and Main, 304. Further encroachments of the English are refifted by the natives, 306. War with the Pequod tribes is commenced, 308. Purification of the army, 309. The Indians are defeated, 310. Cruelties exercised against them, 311. Emigrations from England to the colonies are prohibited by proclamation, 312. Colony of Maffachufets Bay is fued at law, and found to have forfeited its rights, 313. Confederacy of the tates in, 317. See Colonies.

Newfoundland, its fituation defcribed, ii. 353. Difcovery of, by Cabot, iv. 139.

New Holland, fome account of the country and inhabitants, ii. 393.

New Plymouth, fettlement at, iv. 274. See Colonies, New England.

New Spain, difcovered and named by Juan de Grijalva, i. 341. See Mexico.

Nigno, Alonfo, his voyage to America, i. 211.

Norwegians