Pizarro, Gonzalo, is made governor of Quito, by his brother Francis, iii. 195. His expedition over the Andes, ibid. Is deferted by Orellana, 197. His distress on this event, 200. His difaftrous return to Quito, 201. Is encouraged by the people to oppose Nugnez Vela, the new viceroy, 228. Affumes the government of Peru, 232. Marches against the viceroy, 234. Defeats and kills him, 238. Is advised by Carvajal to affume the fovereignty of the country, 237. Chooses to negociate with the court of Spain, 240. Confultations of the court on his conduct, ibid. His violent refolutions on the arrival of Pedro de la Gafca, 247. Refolves to oppose him by violence, 250. Marches to reduce Centeno at Cuzco, 252. Defeats him, 253. Is deferted by his troops on the approach of Gasca, 256. Surrenders, and is executed, 257. His adherents men of no principle, 263. Plata, Rio de, difcovered by Dias de Solis, i. 300. Its amazing width, ii. 352. Playfair, Mr. profeffor of mathematics in Edinburgh, the refult of his comparison of the narrative and charts given in Captain Cook's voyages, publifhed in 1780; and Mr. Coxe's account of the Ruffian difcoveries, printed in the fame year, in which the vicinity of the two continents of Afia and America is clearly afcertained, ii. 370-375. Pliny, the naturalift, inftance of his ignorance in geography, i. 355. Ponce, de Leon, Juan, difcovers Florida, i. 278. Romantic motive of his voyage, 279. Population of the earth, flow progress of, i. 1. Porto Bello, difcovered and named by Chriftopher Columbus, i. 235. Porto Rico is fettled and subjected by Juan Ponce de Leon, i. 263, 264. Porto Santo, the first discovery of, i. 63. Portugal, when and by whom the court of inquifition was first introduced into, i. 357 Portuguese, Portuguese, a view of the circumftances that induced them to undertake the discovery of unknown countries, i. 56. 58. Firft African discoveries of, 60. Madeira discovered, 64. They double Cape Bojador, 65. Obtain a papal grant of all the countries they should difcover, 7c. Cape Verd iflands and the Azores difcovered, 71. Voyage to the Eaft Indies by Vafco de Gama, 204. Potoft, the rich filver mines there, how difcovered, iv. 62. The mines of, greatly exhaufted and scarcely worth working, 350. Prifoners of war, how treated by the native Americans, ii. 159. Property, the idea of, unknown to the native Americans, ii. 130. Notions of the Brafilians concerning, 395. Protector of the Indians, in Spanish America, his function, iv. 41. Ptolemy, the philofopher, his geographical descriptions more ample and exact than thofe of his predeceffors, i. 35. His geography tranflated by the Arabians, 39. His erroneous pofition of the Ganges, 352. Quetlavaca, brother of Montezuma, fucceeds him as king of Mexico, iii. 45. Conducts in perfon the fierce attacks which obliged Cortes to abandon his capital, ibid. Dies of the fmall-pox, 46. Quevedo, Bishop of Darien, his conference with Las Cafas on the treatment of the Indians, in the prefence of the Emperor Charles V. i. 325. Quickfilver, the property of the famous mines of, at Guanacabelica, referved by the crown of Spain, iii. 350. The price of, why reduced, 351. Quinquina, or Jefuits Bark, a production peculiar to Peru, iv. 69. Quipos, Quipos, or hiftoric cords of the Peruvians, fome account of, iii. 327. Quito, the kingdom of, conquered by Huana Capac, Inca of Peru, iii. 130. Is left to his fon Atahualpa, ibid. Atahualpa's general revolts after his death, 159. Is reduced by the Spaniards under Benalcazar, 161. Benalcazar depofed, and Gonzalo Pizarro made governor, 195. R Ralegh, refumes the plan of fettling colonies in North America, iv. 162. Difpatches Amadas and Barlow to examine the intended fettlements, who discover Virginia, and return to England, 163. Establishes a colony in Virginia, which, on account of famine, is obliged to return to England, 165. Makes a fecond attempt to fettle a colony there, which perifhes by famine, 170. Abandons the defign, 171. Ramufio, his defence of Hanno's account of the coast of Africa, i. 349. Register fhips, for what purpose introduced in the trade between Spain and her colonies, iv. 93. Superfede the ufe of the galeons, 95. Religion of the native Americans, an inquiry into, ii, 189. Ribas, his account of the political state of the people of Rivers, the amazing fize of those in America, ii. 4. Robifon, profeffor, his remarks on the temperature of various climates, ii. 354, 355, 356. Roldan, Francis, is left chief juftice in Hifpaniola, by Chriftopher Columbus, i. 185. Becomes the ringleader of a mutiny, 198. Submits, 203. Remans, their progrefs in navigation and discovery, i. 25. Their military fpirit averfe to mechanical arts and commerce, commerce, 26. Navigation and trade favoured in the Rubruquis, father, his embaffy from France to the Chan Ruffia, a trade to, opened by the English, iv. 150. Ruffians, Afiatic difcoveries made by them, ii. 37. Un- S Sacotecas, the rich filver mines there, when difcovered, San Salvador, difcovered and named by Christopher Sancho, Don Pedro, account of his History of the Con- Sandoval, the fhocking barbarities executed by, in Mexico, iii. 91. Sandoval, Francifco Tello de, is fent by the emperor Savage life, a general estimate of, ii. 222. Scalps, motive of the native Americans for taking them Serralvo, marquis de, his extraordinary gains during his Seville, extraordinary increase of its manufactures by the Small-pox, Indian territories depopulated by, iv. 293. Soul, Soul, American ideas of the immortality of, ii. 201. South Sea, first discovered by Vafco Nugnez de Balboa, i. 288. Spain, general idea of the policy of, with regard to the American colonies, iv. 11. Early interpofition of the regal authority in the colonies, 12. All the American dominions of, fubjected to two viceroys, 14. A third viceroyalty lately eftablifhed, 15. The colonies. of, compared with thofe of Greece and Rome, 23. Advantages the derived from her colonies, 71. Why she does not ftill derive the fame, 72. Rapid decline of trade, 75. This decline increafed by the mode of regulating the intercourfe with America, 78. Employs guarda coftas to check illicit trade, 92. The ufe of register fhips introduced, 93. Eftablishment of the company of Caraccas, 97. Enlargement of commercial ideas there, 99. Free trade permitted to several provinces, 102. Revenue derived from America, 121. Specification, 362. Spaniards, their curious form of taking poffeffion of newdifcovered countries, i. 378. Strabo, a citation from, proving the great geographical ignorance of the ancients, i. 351. His own want of geographical knowledge, 356. Superftition always connected with a defire of penetrating into the fecrets of futurity, ii. 204. T Tapia, Chriftoval de, is fent from Spain to Mexico, to fuperfede Cortes in his command, but fails in the attempt, iii. 85. Tartars, the poffibility of their migrating to America, ii. 43. Tlafcala, in Mexico, character of the natives of, ii. 294. Oppose the paffage of the Spaniards, 296. Are reduced to fue for peace, 302. Tobacco, |