through Battle, on Sunday the 14th, and arrived at Dover on the following Monday. Her journey from Porchester to Dover seems to have been made in great haste. Many horses and carts were borrowed and hired for the carriage of her attendants and luggage. Among others the Countess of Arundel lent a chariot and five horses; the Prior of Tichfield sent a hackney, which was ridden by a damsel, and a horse belonging to the Prior of Southwick carried Hicqe the Countess's tailor. Her retinue altogether required 84 horses, that being the number provided for at Bramber; and besides this a portion of her baggage, or 'harness,' was sent round by sea to Dover, the hire of the boat costing 7s. 7d.'" (Pp. xxix. xxx.)

On the 4th of August Leicester fought the fatal battle of Evesham; on the 15th a letter was received by the Countess from Prince Edward; by the end of the month she began to be in want of provisions, but the siege of Kenilworth delayed the advance of the victorious royalists, and she lingered at Dover until the month of October, when she finally departed for the continent.

The documents contained in the second part of this volume are of equal, and, in some respects, perhaps, of greater interest than the Household Roll of the Countess of Leicester. They are "Rolls containing payments made by the Executors of Eleanor, consort of Edward I." and furnish many particu. lars respecting the erection of the celebrated Crosses raised in various parts of the kingdom to commemorate that illustrious lady. These are the Rolls out of which the Rev. Joseph Hunter derived the materials for a paper upon Queen Eleanor's Crosses, read before the Society of Antiquaries during the last session, and printed in the last published portion of the Archæologia. Upon one point, and that one of considerable interest, there is a division of opinion between Mr. Hunter and the Editor of the present volume, which is worthy of observation, and which we notice from a desire to see the point cleared up. It relates to the country of the sculptor to whom we are indebted for the beautiful effigy of Queen Eleanor, upon her tomb in Westminster Abbey. This effigy has been hitherto supposed to be the work of some Italian artist, and one of the points in Mr. Hunter's paper most gra

tifying was his announcement that it could be proved to be the work of an Englishman- "Master William Torel, goldsmith, whose name,' " adds Mr. Hunter, "will probably hereafter be ranked high in the catalogue of English artists." Archæolog. XXIX. 189. The Editor of the work before us, after some observations which tend to shew how greatly our obligations to foreign art during the middle ages have been exaggerated, suddenly and most unexpectedly comes to the conclusion that Torel, the artist of the work in question, was probably not an Englishman, but an Italian. He arrives at his conclusion thus. He contends, from the similarity of style, that the effigies of Henry III. and Eleanor were designed by the same person; and then, having cited an opinion of Flaxman, that these celebrated figures" partake of the character and grace particularly cultivated in the school of Pisano," he proceeds thus,—

"The Rolls now printed inform us, that the designer of the effigies of Eleanor for Westminster and Lincoln was one Master 'William Torel,' a goldsmith. The loose manner in which we find all Italian and

Spanish names written in early records, justifies the presumption that his real name was' Torrelli,' and that he was an Italian. It is not impossible that he may have been identical with Master William, the Florentine painter, who... was employed by Henry III. towards the latter end of his reign: this would not interfere with the supposition that he was a pupil of Nicolo Pisano, who died in 1264." (p. lxxxii.)

He further shews that Torel was at the same time engaged upon a statue of a King as well as upon that of Queen Eleanor; and both he and Mr. Hunter agree that the statue of a King was that of Henry III. We shall look with some curiosity for further evidence upon this point, which we have no doubt will be discovered; and in the mean time, all we can do is to direct inquirers to the entries on the Rolls now published.

The third part of the volume contains two books of accounts of expenses and memoranda of Sir John Howard, afterwards the Duke of Norfolk in the reign of Richard III., and known by the title of "Jockey of Norfolk." These accounts extend from 1462 to 1471. They are printed from two MS. books, one in the possession of

the Duke of Norfolk, and the other of Sir Thomas Phillipps. They are partly in duplicate, but the variations are considerable, and besides accounts they contain drafts or copies of letters, and other memoranda, some of public interest, and all of them extremely curious. The accounts themselves are of the ordinary nature of books of household and personal expenses, full of information respecting the prices of the necessaries of life, and all the varied items in the expenditure of a noble family and a large establishment. To make such extracts from accounts of this description as would sufficiently exhibit their diversified character is incompatible with our space, but we will quote a letter (not signed or directed) which the Editor refers to an event of some

historical interest, the marriage of Edward IV. and Elizabeth Woodville. We modernise the orthography.

"My lord,-After the most lowly recommendation, I beseech it your good lordship to wit I have received your letter that you sent me late, whereby I understand that such thing as ye and I desire most is in good way and out of doubt, wherefore I thank God, and ever shall while I live; also, my lord, I beseech you to have me and my wife still in your remembrance, as I understand well that ye have had by your writing, whereof I thank your good lordship, beseeching you of continuance. Also, my lord, I have been in divers places within Norfolk, Suffolk, and Essex, and have had communication of this marriage, to feel how the people of the countries were disposed, and in good faith they are disposed in the best wise, and glad thereof; also I have been with many divers estates to feel their hearts, and I found them all right well disposed, save one, the which I shall inform your good lordship at my next coming to you, by the grace of God, who have you, my right special good lord, in his blessed safeguard.

"At Wench. xxij. day of Sep.

"Also I beseech your lordship to give credence to the bringer of these." (PP. 196-7.)

The account we have given of the contents of this volume will, we are sure, make our readers unite with us in regretting that it was not published in some other manner. It wants an Index, which in such a work is a very great want, and the absence of which is a great drawback from the value of the book, and a proof that the Rox

burghers print for show and not for use; but, with that exception, it is a creditable and valuable book.

An Appeal to the Antiquaries of Europe, on the Destruction of the Monuments of Egypt. By George R. Gliddon, late United States' Consul at Cairo. 8vo.

THE antiquities of Egypt are indeed the proofs of the truth of our earliest histories; they confirm at every step the annals of the human race, and corroborate and illustrate, in a degree eminently convincing, a remarkable portion of the records of the Old Testament. Who then can behold with

apathy, and unmoved, the destruction of her venerable monuments, and of those objects which the highest properties of human intellect have been called forth to illustrate and explain?

The danger to which Egyptian relics of the first order are exposed, the destruction which they have already encountered, does indeed appeal to the antiquaries of Europe, to the scientific of all nations, to check and arrest, by every means in their power, dilapidations and destruction so barbarous and so mischievous in their results. The reputation of Mohammed Ali as a renovator of Egypt, must receive considerable tarnish in the present day, and an indelible stain in all future time, from the reckless havoc which he has permitted to be made of her venerable monuments.

"No voice from the tomb," says our author, "is needed to warn the antiquary, that yet a little while, and such will be the end -that if he and his colleagues in research do not step forward for the preservation of Egyptian monuments, in a very few years travellers may save themselves the trouble of a journey beyond the precincts of the British and continental museums..... It is the hope that his (the author's) feeble voice may reach the ear of those who have the power, and only want the will, to save the remaining vestiges of antiquity from destruction, that impels the writer to come forward in their behalf. If the appeal be heard, the object will be gained; but in any case the author here clears his conscience of connivance, and enters a protest against the cause and its abettors. Others have had the gratification of delineating, describing, and expounding what the monuments of Egypt were at the period of their respective visits; be his the more humble task of re

cording what, where, and why they are not." See p. 5..

Roused by this prologue to records of annihilation, we follow our author in the details of devastations which, since the year 1800, "have swept off ruins, monumental relics that had survived the Persians, the Christians, the Saracens, the Turks, to disappear under the civilising rule of the present governor."

The narrative sets out from the first cataract of the Nile at Asswân, Syene. For the more ready transportation of the spoils from Egyptian ruins, Mohammed Ali has endeavoured to cut away the granite obstacles forming the cataract hitherto, however, his engineering has been without success; but the remains of a temple are sought for in vain at the above place, which was twenty years since in partial preservation; at Elephantine, one temple of Amunoph the Third, one of Alexander, son of Alexander the Great, a ruin of primitive Christian construction, a portion of another temple, the chambers of the celebrated Nilometer, have all disappeared ;-and for what purpose, gentle reader?-to build a palace for Mohammed Bey, about the years 1822 and 1825, and to construct a military college below Asswân; both which edifices are themselves, according to our author, now in ruins. At Edfoo, Apollonopolis Magna, were two temples of the Ptolemaic epoch,

" In a state of great preservation, though partially buried in accumulations of rubbish and sun-burnt bricks.

The

larger temple has suffered chiefly from the iconoclasts; but of the other, the lythonium or mammisi, all the superstructure, and some of the lower portions, have been quarried, to collect into scattered heaps the materials for a manufactory which was never built." P. 41.

Three temples at El Kaf (Hieranopolis) are overthrown, and in their place remains a scattered stony waste. This devastation was for erecting some factories at Esné, now shut up, and a quay.

The portico at Esné, Latopolis, (which was cleared out by General Boliard,) commenced by the Ptolemies, and adorned by the Roman Emperors with most of their names, from Tiberius to the infamous Caracalla, is now

converted into a government storeroom. The little temple at Contra Laton has not met so good a fate; but was destroyed in 1828, to furnish stones for the before-mentioned quay at Esné. The interesting temple at Ed Sayr, to the north of Esné, has shared the same unhappy irretrievable fate. Yet the sculptures on the last recorded the triumphs of Evergetes in Armenia, Persia, Thrace, and Mecedonia. At Thebes, the ravages committed since 1836 are fearful: the tomb of

Petamammonoph has been mined and blown to atoms as materials for lime: at Karnac, that glory of Egyptian relics, the force of gunpowder has levelled large and numerous portions of the gigantic propyleia.

"One solitary consolation," a very poor one indeed, "may be derived from the overthrow of these propyleia, namely, the opportunity it afforded to Mons. E. Prisse, a gentleman in every way qualified to take advantage of the sculptures that previously lay hidden in these propyleia, to record names and legends which but for him would have been lost to history and science." P. 50.

These discoveries are said to be in course of publication, by the Royal Society of Literature.

The elegant propylon or gateway of the temple of Dendera has been partially destroyed, but the demolition was stopped at the instance of the French Consul Mimaut, and the dilapidations replaced by some miserable brick walls, and trophies indeed of the innovating spirit of Mohammed Ali the regenerator. We pass rapidly over the remaining track way of devastation. The temple of Osiris, built by Ramses II. and Ramses Sesostris, is nearly demolished, to supply lime for a government work; close at hand is a mountain of native lime-stone, so that this act is rendered doubly wanton and barbarous. At Ekkim-Chemmis, the inscription of the time of Trajan, marking the site of the temple of Pan, is gone, with the frieze of a portico : the tombs which existed along the mountain at the back of Eiranceych, have all been mined for lime.

"Where," exclaims Mr. Gliddon, "is that magnificent portico of the temple of Thoth at Oshmoneyn, Hermopolis Magna, which up to 1823 was still perfect? Ask the Nazir of the rum and sugar works at

Mellawi, and he will boast that he destroyed it, putting the finishing touches to his work in 1836. He will tell you that he also commenced that annihilation of all the ruins of Sheykh Abadah (Antinoopolis,) which it was reserved for the rum distillery of Ibrahim Pacha, at the Island of Rhoda, to consummate in 1838-9; not a single one of the Greek inscriptions in the smaller tombs even is discernible, the fiendish propensity of these EgyptoTurkish subalterns being to deface whatever they know is interesting to an European. Of the theatre at the southern gate, of the pillars whereon was traced the name of Alexander Severus,-of the portico supported by elegant Corinthian columns, and of the numerous buildings twenty years ago traceable in the city, which a Hadrian had embellished, the traveller cannot always now discover the site. Strange that the monuments of ancient piety should be destroyed by modern civilization! That the stones of a temple dedicated to the God of letters, should be used in the erection of a modern building, dedicated to the manufacture of an article forbidden in spirit, if not in the letter, of Mohammedan institutions; that the column consecrated by a Hadrian to the service of religion, should now uphold a distillery for rum! But these and numberless similar anomalies are familiar to all those who know Egypt under Mohammed Ali." P. 56.

From the quarries which supplied the pyramids with stone, almost every one of the numerous legends and tablets are removed. At Sakkara, the tomb of Psammeticus II. is reduced to a ruin. At Ghizeh the tomb opened by Col. Howard Vyse in 1837, is dilapidated, and its curious arch was destroyed for lime in the winter of 1840-1. How do our readers, after all these details, feel for the safety of the pyramids themselves, those eternal rocks amidst the stream of centuries? They too were destined for destruction, as quarries for some of the public works of Mohammed Ali; but the Pacha's surveyors reported that materials could be procured cheaper elsewhere! This economical consideration alone it appears has preserved the pyramids.

We have given our readers a sufficient taste of Mr. Gliddon's pamphlet, to enable them to appreciate the nature of its information, and its well-timed appearance for drawing the attention of European States towards the monuments of Egypt, while yet some con

siderable remnant of them exists. The author's style is spirited, but is not occasionally free from obscurity, and at times an inflated affectation. We earnestly hope that the conservation which he advocates will be fully' supported by our foreign diplomatists, and that other materials will be found for the Pacha's rum distilleries, wharfs, and rail-roads, than are afforded by the monuments of Egypt's gods and kings.

The Liber Landavensis, Llyfr Teilo, or the ancient Register of the Cathedral Church of Llandaff; from MSS. in the Libraries of Hengwrt and of Jesus College, Oxford: with an English Translation and explanatory Notes, By the Rev. W. J. Rees, M.A. F.S.A. Rector of Cascob, &c. &c. [Published for the Welsh MSS. Society.] Royal 8vo. pp. xlvi. 646. THE Society which has produced this volume, was set on foot in 1837, at Abergavenny; but was somewhat slow in establishing itself. It now, however, boasts a list of members of high rank and influence, and we hope sufficiently numerous to effect the objects of its institution, which are described as those "of transcribing and printing the more important of the Historical Remains of Wales." numerous unpublished Bardic and

"The Liber Landavensis, or The Book of Llandaff, is so called because it is the ancient chartulary or Register Book of the Cathedral of Llandaff, wherein were recorded memoirs of its more eminent Prelates, Grants of Endowment, and other interesting and important particulars relating to the Church and Diocese. It has been also called Llyfr Teilo, or The Book of Teilo, because the Diocese sometimes went by the name of Teilo, St. Teilo being one of the most eminent of its Prelates, and also because part of the materials whereof it was compiled, was contained in a still more ancient register that went by his name, to which it makes reference, and which it probably superseded. The compiler of the work is said to have been Galfrid or Jeffrey, brother to Urban the last Bishop of Llandaff mentioned therein,"

and it is supposed to have been continued until near the time of Bishop Urban's death, which occurred in 1133.

Though this compilation has never been before printed, it has received constant attention throughout the

stream of the national historians and antiquaries, as is evident both from their printed works and their manuscript collections. Of all these derivative evidences of its value, as well as of the copies or abstracts of the original, both ancient and modern, the Editor has rendered a complete account in his very elaborate Preface. It appears from p. xxxiii. that two copies, one of which formerly belonged to the Bishops of Llandaff, and subsequently to Selden,* and the second of which was also in the archives of Llandaff until 1790, are now both missing.

an

"When the National Record Commission was instituted, the Liber Landavensis was one of the works which engaged the attention of the Commissioners, and Aneurin Owen, esq. of Egryn, Denbighshire, was employed to make a transcript of the Hengwrt MS. which he nearly completed, with English translation of the Welsh boundaries, when the Commission was dissolved on the death of William IV. and the use intended to be made of the transcript apparently abandoned. Of the English translation, with the kind permission of Lord Langdale, use has been made in writing this volume."

said

St.

Dubricius, whose Welsh name was Dyfrig, did not hold his archiepiscopal see at Llandaff, but at Cairleon. Teilo, on succeeding St. David, (who died in 544,) in the archiepiscopal dignity, chose to continue at Llandaff, and appointed a suffragan for Menevia, or St. David's. A series of seven or eight names, (for we think Elwystyl and Arwystyl may belong to the same person,) which have been placed by Godwin and his followers as the successors of St. Teilo, have been ascertained, by examination of the work before us, to have been his contemporaries and suffragans, and are so ranked in a carefully compiled series of the Bishops of Llandaff, which is appended to this volume.

From this

circumstance originated certain claims subsequently urged by the Bishops of Llandaff, over the see of St. David's, and the furtherance of which it is

thought may have been much in the view of the author of the Llyfr Teilo. Proofs of Geffrey's partiality in this respect are shown in the Preface, p. xiii.

Bishop Urban, or Gurfan, the historian's brother and patron, was consecrated Bishop of Llandaff at Canterbury, Aug. 11, 1107, in the 32nd year of his age. To his zeal in the administration of the affairs of his diocese, and the restoration of its revenues, the latter chapters of the Llyfr Teilo bear ample testimony. He is

In this we find the successor of the celebrated Godwin styled "George Carleton or Charleton." Certainly Carleton, of the family seated at Carleton in Cumberland.