and conquests of Charlemagne; France, Germany, and Italy united;
France separated from the empire; state of France under the Carlovin-
gian race; feudal system all powerful; debilitated condition of the kings;
accession of Hugh Capet; reigns of his successors; Croisades, their
origin and effects; decline of the feudal system and aggrandized power
of the crown; aggrandizement of the French monarchy under Phillip
Augustus; the university of Paris becomes famous; the city enlarged;
the streets of Paris first paved; arts and sciences begin to revive; wars
with England; miserable state of France at the accession of Charles V.
and of Charles VII; France in subjection to England; Maid of Orleans;
expulsion of the English; a standing army established by Charles VII;
augmented by Louis XI; tyrannical reign of Louis XI; he reduces the nobles; almost annihilates the feudal system; his character; religious wars of France; horrid Bartholomew massacre; nobles again acquire power and almost independence; vigorous administration of Cardinal Richelieu; total overthrow of the feudal system; monarchy rendered absolute; reign of Louis XIV; his wars and improvements; progress of infidelity in the reign of Louis XV; reign of Louis XVI; causes of the revolution; its horrid enormities; its dreadful consequences to France and to Europe; revolutionary wars; elevation of the emperor Napoleon; his successes; general review of the history of France; views of society in France at different periods; its various revolutions, &c. ; reflections on the late tremendous events of the important history of that country. Vol. II. p. 185 to 342.
CHAP. IV.-Present state political and moral; religion, government,
army, navy, revenues, commerce, manufactures, population, political
importance, language, literature, polite arts, education, manners, nation-
al character. Vol. II. p. 343 to 350.
AND THE OTHER ACQUISITIONS OF FRANCE IN THAT QUARTER.
CHAP. I.-Face of the country, &c.—Vol. II. p. 351 to 353.
CHAP. II.-Principal cities, &c.-Brussels, Ghent, Antwerp, Bruges,
Mons, Namur, Luxembourg, Louvain, &c. description of those cities;
their ancient and modern state, commerce, manufactures, &c.-Vol.
II. p. 354 to 357.
CHAP. III.-Historical view, progress of society, of arts, sciences, litera- ture, and commerce.-History of Belgium, chiefly commercial; early progress in trade and opulence; state of its commerce in the middle ages; the immense wealth of the cities of Bruges, Ghent, and Antwerp; Belgium transferred to the house of Austria; decline of its trade; Belgium joins in the general revolt against Spain; reduced to subjec-
CHAP. II.-Principal cities and towns, edifices, islands.-Amsterdam,
description of the city and its situation; its commerce, population,
manners of its inhabitants; Rotterdam, description of the city, its port,
its commerce; Middleburg, Leyden, Haarlem, Utrecht, the Hague,
description of these places, their commerce, manufactures, &c.; de-
scription of the curious villages of Broeck and Saardam.-Vol. II. p.
389 to 398.
CHAP. III. Historical view; progress of society, of arts, sciences, lite-
rature, and commerce.-Conquest of the country by the Romans-after-
wards governed by different lords; physical revolutions; the provinces
united under the dukes of Burgundy; transferred to the house of Aus-
tria; successful revolt from Spain; progress of their arms-of their
commerce; their trade astonishes the world; immense acquisition of
wealth; their independence acknowledged; their wars with France
and England; decline of their commerce; subjection to France; gen-
eral observations on Batavian history.-Vol. I. p. 399 to 420.
CHAP. IV. Present state political and moral, religion, government, laws,
army, navy, revenue, commerce, manufactures, population, political im-
portance, &c.-language, literature, arts, education, manners and na-
tional character.-Vol. II. p. 421 to 426.
CHAP. I. Situation, extent, face of the country, mountains, rivers, lakes,
canals, mineralogy, soil, climate, vegetable productions, zoology, natural
curiosities, &c.-Vol. II. p. 427 to 435.
CHAP. II.-Principal cities, edifices, islands.—Madrid, description of the
city and its situation; the amusements and manners of its inhabitants;
environs of Madrid; the Escurial; Cadiz, Barcelona, Seville, Granada,
Valencia, Toledo, Valladolid, remarkable edifices.-Islands, Minorca,
Majorca. Vol. II. p. 436 to 444.
CHAP. III.-Historical view, progress of society, of arts, sciences, litera- ture, and commerce.-Contests of the Romans and Carthaginians for
CHAP. IV.-Present state political and moral, religion, government, laws,
army, navy, revenues, commerce, manufactures, population, political
importance and relations, language, literature, polite arts, education,
manners, national character. Vol. II. p. 502 to 511.
CHAP. 1.-Situation, extent, face of the country, &c.-Vol. III. p. 3 to 9.
CHAP. II-Chief cities, edifices.-Lisbon, description of the city, its fine
situation, its commerce, manners of its inhabitants, &c.-Environs of
Lisbon; Oporto, its commerce in wine; Coimbra, Evora.—Vol. III.
p. 10. to 18....
CHAP. III.-Historical view, progress of society, &c.-Foundation of the Portuguese monarchy; total expulsion of the Arabians; discoveries and conquests of the Portuguese in Africa and Asia; gallant exploits of that nation; vast commercial empire of the Portuguese; Portugal
falls under the dominion of Spain; recovers her independence, but not her trade and maritime power; subsequent transactions; inactivi- ty of Portugal in latter times; causes of the decline of Portugal; gene- ral observations on Portuguese history; imprudence of the Portuguese government in rejecting the friendship of England, and entering into the views of France; emigration of the court to Brazil.-Vol. III. p.
CHAP. IV-Present state political and moral, religion, government, laws, army, navy, revenues, commerce, manufactures, population, political importance, language, literature, polite arts, education, manners, cus- toms, and national character.—Vol. III. p. 31 to 36.
CHAP. I.—Situation, extent, face of the country, mountains, rivers, canals, mineralogy, soil, climate, vegetable productions, zoology, na- tural curiosities, antiquities.-Vol. III. p. 37 to 42.
CHAP. II.-Principal cities, edifices, islands.-Description of ancient and modern Rome; monuments of ancient magnificence; modern struc- tures; commerce; population; manners of the people; environs of Rome; Naples, delightful situation; beautiful environs; magnificent prospects; description of the city, its commerce and manufactures; population; manners of the inhabitants, &c. Florence, Milan, Venice, Genoa, description of those cities and their environs; their principal edifices, commerce, manufactures, and state of society.-Islands. Caprea, Malta, Sardinia, Sicily.-Geographical features; Mount Etna; its vast forests; perpetual snow; volcano; stupendous view from its summit; description of Palermo ; history of Sicily; its numerous revo- lutions.-Vol. III. p. 43 to 68.
CHAP. III.-Historical view; origin and rise of Rome; gradual pro- gress of the Roman republic; splendour and luxury of Rome in the latter ages of the republic and under the emperors; revolutions of the Roman empire from the accession of Augustus to its final subversion, with views of society; Roman levies; Roman tactics; miserable and almost depopulated state of Italy after the subversion of the empire; becomes part of the empire of Charlemagne; after repeated struggles, shakes off the authority of the emperors ; rise and aggrandizement of the papal power; formation of new principalities; decline of Rome ; fortified towers of the Roman barons; dilapidation, or demolition of the ancient monuments of Roman grandeur; origin of the Italian cities; their wars with the barons; ages of anarchy; sketch of the history of the principal states of Italy, and the decline of the papal authority; of Florence, Venice, Genoa, and Milan; establishment of the new king- doms of Italy and Etruria.-Vol. III. p. 69 to 142.
CHAP. I. Situation, extent, face of the country, mountains, &c.-Vol.
III. p. 146 to 153.
CHAP. II.-Chief cities and towns, &c.-Basle, Bern, Zurich, Lausanne.-
Vol. III. p. 154 to 155.
CHAP. III.-Historical view, progress of society, of arts, sciences, and
letters-Original population; ancient Helvetii; the country reduced
to a Roman province; its various revolutions after the fall of the em-
pire; revolt from the house of Austria; its long independence; French
invasion, and its consequences.-Vol. III. p. 156 to 159.
CHAP. IV.-Present state, political and moral, religion, government,
military force, revenues, commerce, manufactures, population, politi-
cal importance and relations, language, literature, education, manners,
national character.-Vol. III. p. 160 to 163.
CHAP. I.-Situation, extent, face of the country, mountains, rivers,
canals, lakes, mineralogy, mineral waters, soil, climate, vegetable pro-
ductions, zoology, natural curiosities, antiquities.-Vol. III. p. 164 to 174.
CHAP. II.-Principal cities, edifices.-Vienna, description of the city;
its public edifices; commerce, population, modes of living and state of
society at Vienna. Environs of Vienna. Prague-description of the
city, its population, climate, state of society; Buda, Presburg, Gratz,
Cracow, Leopold, Hermanstadt, &c.-Vol. III. p. 175 to 181.
CHAP. III-Present state, political and moral, religion, government,
laws, army, revenues, commerce, manufactures, population, political
importance, language, literature, polite arts, education, manners, na-
tional character.-Vol. III. p. 182 to 189.
CHAP. I. Situation, extent, face of the country, &c.-Vol. III. p.
190 to 192.
CHAP. II.-Principal cities and edifices.-Berlin, description of the city and its environs; Potsdam, Konigsberg, Breslaw, Dantzick, lately
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