description of the environs of Bussora.-Smyrna, its situation; its fine

port; its present population and extensive commerce.-Prusa, its beau-

tiful and romantic situation; description of the city, its commerce and

population; its delightful environs.—Angora, description of the city,

its castle and environs; the famous and singular breeds of goats and

cats in its vicinity.-Tocat, its singular situation; population of Tocat;

its inland trade; its great copper manufactory.-Diarbekar, description

of the city and its situation, its commerce and manufactures.-Mosul,

description of the city and its situation; its trade with Bagdad and Bus-

sora-Erzerum, Trebizond, Sinope, &c.-Islands-Cyprus, Scio, Sa-

mos, Rhodes, Tenedos.-Vol. IV. p. 109 to 126.

CHAP. III-Historical view, progress of society, of arts and sciences, of

literature and commerce.-First formation of political communities;

rise and fall of the Babylonian and Jewish monarchies; ancient state

of Syria and Asia Minor in regard to arts, sciences, letters, and com-

merce; reflections on the Babylonian and Jewish religions; reduction

of those countries under the Persian dominion; their subjugation by

Alexander; by the Romans; by the Arabian Caliphs; history of the

Caliphate; its power and magnificence; its decline and total subver-

sion; conquest of Palestine by the Croisaders; by Saladin; by the

Turks. General observations on the history of the Arabians.-Vol. IV.

p. 127 to 194,

ARABIA.

CHAP. I-Situation, extent, boundaries, face of the country, &c.-Vol.

IV. p. 195 to 198.

CHAP. II-Chief cities, edifices, islands -Mecca, its supposed magni-

tude and population; difficulty of obtaining any accurate accounts of

those subjects; its commerce and pilgrimages; the caaba, or holy

house; situation of Mecca and the sterility of its environs; the inva-

sion of Egypt by the French, and their subsequent irruption into Syria

exceedingly disadvantageous to the trade of Mecca.—Medina the first

metropolis of the caliphate, now an object of pious veneration to Ma-

homedan pilgrims.-Saria, Jedda, Moschat.-General view of the Ara-

bian history; new sect of the Wahabites; observations on the per-

petual independence of interior Arabia; on the extensive diffusion of

the Arabians, and the establishment of their colonies in India, Africa,

Madagascar, &c.—Vol. IV. p. 199 to 205.

CHAP. III-Present state, political and moral, religion, government,

laws, army, navy, revenues, commerce, manufactures, population, po-

litical importance, language, literature, polite arts, education, manners

and customs, national character.—Vol. IV. p. 206 to 211.

ASIATIC RUSSIA.

CHAP. I-Situation, extent, boundaries, face of the country, mountains,

steps, rivers, lakes, mineralogy, mineral waters, soil, climate, vegetable

productions, zoology, natural curiosities, antiquities and artificial cu-

riosities. Observations of Pallas on the former junction of the Caspian

and Euxine seas, and the desiccation of extensive tracts of country by

the diminution of their waters in consequence of the eruption of the

Euxine through the Bosphorus, according to Tournefort's hypothesis —

Vol. IV. p. 212 to 228.

CHAP. II.-Chief cities and towns, edifices, islands.-Astrachan; its

situation; description of the city; its commerce; the monopolizing

spirit of its rich merchants; its immense and lucrative fisheries; intense

heat felt at Astrachan in the summer; culture of the vine in its envi-

rons; description of Tobolski, Irkutsk, and Kiatka; trade carried on

between the Russians and the Chinese at Kiatka; superior quality of

the teas brought into Russia by that route.-Islands-the Kurilian

islands; the Andrenovian islands; the Fox islands; voyages to those

islands fatiguing and dangerous; but the commerce in furs extremely

lucrative.-Vol. IV. p. 249 to 239.

CHAP. III.-Historical view, progress of society, &c.-General history
of the Mongols, Tartars, &c. inhabiting central Asia from the frontiers
of China to the banks of the Volga; original tribes; extraordinary con
quests of Zinghis Khan and his successors; sudden fall of the Mongols ;
Tartarian empire; its revival under Tamerlane, and its second dissolu-
tion; state of civilization and science among the Mongols in the flou-
rishing period of their empire; their migration and dispersion among
the conquered nations; the remainder of their tribes swallowed up in
the vortex of Russia and China; discovery and conquest of Siberia;
conquest of Kamtschatka; Russian voyages of discovery in the Eastern
ocean.-Vol. IV. p. 240 to 252.

CHAP. IV.—Present state, political and moral; religion, government,

laws, army, navy, revenues, commerce, manufactures, population, poli-

tical importance and relations.-Vol. IV. p. 253 to 255.

CHINA.

CHAP. I.—Situation, extent, boundaries, face of the country, mountains,

rivers, canals, lakes, mineralogy, mineral waters, soil, climate, vegeta-

ble productions, with a view of the Chinese agriculture, zoology, natu-

ral curiosities, antiquities and artificial curiosities; observations on the

great wall by Sir George Staunton, Mr. Barrow, and Pere Crebillion-

Vol. IV. p. 256 to 276.

CHAP. II-Principal cities and towns, edifices, islands.-Pekin; situa-
tion, form, extent; its appearance in approaching it from the country;
description of the city; its immense population according to the gene-
ral estimates; an investigation of that subject; M. Rennell's opinion of
the comparative population of Pekin and London; description of the
environs of Pekin; wretched state of the inhabitants of the circumja-
cent country; rigorous climate of Pekin; excessively hot in summer,
and intensely cold in winter; fuel extren.ely scarce; resemblance of
all the Chinese cities to one another; Nankin, its vast extent; the cele-
brated porcelain tower; Yang-tchoo and Soo-tchoo, two cities noted
for their great trade in women; effects of that commerce; mode of
educating females for sale; Hang-tchoo-foo, description of the city; its
flourishing commerce and crowded population; its delightful situation
and beautiful environs; Canton, description of the city; its great popu-
lation; its commerce; quantity of tea annually exported; Chinese edi-
fices; imperial palaces and pleasure grounds; palace of Yuen-min-yuen;
famous gardens and park of Gehol, in Tartary; Chinese bridges.—
Islands-Haman, Formosa, Macao.—Vol. IV. p. 277 to 290.

CHAP. III-Historical view, progress of society, of arts, sciences, and
letters Investigation of the credibility of the Chinese histories; state
of the country in the time of Confucius; progress of despotism; con.
struction of the great wall; conquest of the country by Kublai Khan;
expulsion of the Tartars; conquest of China by the Manshurs or Tar-
tars; their policy; the emperors of that race; reign of Kien-Long ; mi-
gration of a numerous ́i artar horde; conquest of the Eluts and of Lit-
tle Bucharia by the Chinese; annexation of Thibet to the Chinese em-
pire. Vol. IV. p. 291 to 294.

CHAP. IV. Present state, political and moral, religion, government,
laws, army, navy, revenues, commerce, manufactures, population, Mr.
Barrow's discussion of that subject, political importance, language,
literature, polite arts, education, manners and customs, national charac-
ter. Vol. IV. p. 295 to 316.

CHINESE TARTARY.

Situation and extent, face of the country, mountains, rivers, mineralogy,
soil and climate, vegetable productions, zoology, curiosities and anti-
quities, cities, towns, and edifices, history, military force, language,
literature, commerce and manufactures, persons, manners, and charac-
ter.-Vol. IV. p. 317 to 323.

THIBET.

Situation and extent, face of the country, mountains, rivers, lakes, mine-
ralogy, soil, climate, vegetable productions, zoology, curiosities, anti-

quities, cities and towns, history, religion, government, choice of the

Lama, military force, population, political relations, language, persons,

manners, and character of the Thibetians.—Vol. IV. p. 324 to 332.

INDEPENDENT TARTARY.

CHAP. I.-Situation, extent, face of the country, mountains, rivers, lakes,

soil, climate, productions, zoology, curiosities, antiquities.-Vol. IV. p.

333 to 336.

CHAP. II.—Principal cities, towns, and edifices.—Samarchand, once the

capital of Timur's empire; ancient seat of Mahomedan learning; paper

supposed to have been first made at Samarchand; Bucharia, Balk.-

Vol. IV. p. 337 to 338.

CHAP. III.-Historical view, progress of society, of arts and sciences,

letters and commerce-Ancient Bactria; Zoroaster; migrations of the

Tartars to the west; confusion of their original tribes; kingdom of

Karisme. Vol. IV. p. 339 to 342.

CHAP IV. Present state, political and moral, religion, government, &c.

-Vol. IV. p. 343 to 345.

EXTERIOR INDIA.

Countries between Hindostan and China, general view of, situation, ex-

tent, &c-Divisions: Tonquin, Cochin China, Cambodia, Laos, Ma-

lacca; observations on the history of the Malay nation; establishment

of the Portuguese in Malacca; religion, government, commerce, ma-

nufactures, language, manners and national character of the Malays.—

Vol. IV. p. 346 to 355.

SIAM.

Situation, extent, face of the country, mountains, rivers, &c.-History;

Siam brought under the dominion of Pegu; recovers its independence;

Phaleon, the Greek adventurer; Siam subdued by the Birmans; throws

off their yoke; subsequent wars between the two nations; religion of

Siam; government, military and naval force, revenue, commerce, ma-

nufactures, population, political importance, language, literature, per-

sons, manners and character.-Vol. IV. p. 356 to 363.

BIRMAN EMPIRE.

Situation, extent, face of the country, mountains, rivers, mineralogy, soil,

climate, vegetable productions, forests; teak timber, its excellence for

ship building; importance of the teak forests of Pegu to the commerce

and marine of Calcutta; importance of the trade of Calcutta to Lon-

don; zoology; natural curiosities; antiquities; great pyramid of the

Shomadoo.-Chief cities, &c.-Ummerapoora, the new capital; ruins of

Ava, the ancient capital; Pegu; Prome; the port of Rangoon ; its com-

mercial importance, flourishing state, mixed population; edifices of the

Birmans, their temples, palaces, &c.-History-subjection of the Bir-

mans to Pegu; recover their independence; origin of the present Bir-

man empire; the Birmans conquer Pegu; long and bloody wars.-Re-

ligion, government, laws, army and navy, revenue, commerce, manufac-

tures, population, political importance and relations in regard to China,

to the British possessions in India, to Siam, &c. language, literature,

&c. Birman library; manners, customs, and national character of the

Birmans -Vol. IV. p. 364 to 379.

ASIATIC ISLANDS.

1. Japan-situation, extent, face of the country, mountains, rivers, mine-

ralogy, soil, climate, vegetable productions, Japanese agriculture, zoo-

logy, natural curiosities, antiquities and artificial curiosities.-Chief

cities-Jeddo, its situation, extent, port; description of the city and

imperial palace,-Miaco; seat of the Dairi; centre of Japanese litera-

ture; Description of the city; its trade and manufactures; mode of

living of the Dairi.-History-antiquity of the Japanese monarchy; the

Dairi sole monarch; division of the government between the Dairi and

the commander of the army; attempt of the Tartars to conquer Japan;

the general of the army usurps the whole secular sovereignty, and

leaves to the Dairi only his spiritual authority; introduction of the

Christian religion into Japan; its ex raordinary progress; expulsion

and massacre of the Christians.-Religion of the Japanese; description

of their temples and idols; government, laws, army, revenue, com-

merce, manufactures, population, language, literature, education, per-

sons, manners, national character.-Vol. IV. p. 380 to 400.

2. Manilla, or Phillippine islands; Borneo; the Celebes; the Moluccas,

or Spice islands.-Vol. IV. p. 401 to 407.

3. The Sunda islands-Sumatra; Java; city and port of Batavia; its un-

healthful climate; description of the city; manners of the inhabitants.-

Vol. IV. p. 408 to 412.

4. Australasia, or Southern countries-New Holland, Botany-Bay, Port

Jackson, Norfolk island, Papua or New Guinea, New Britain, &c. New

Caledonia, New Zealand. Vol. IV. p. 412 to 422.

5. Polynesia, or islands in the Pacific Ocean; Pelew islands; Ladrones

Carolinas; Marquesas; Society islands; Otaheite: Friendly islands;

Sandwich islands; general observations on the Asiatic islands, and on

those of the Southern and Pacific ocean; an inquiry into the origin of

their population; remarks on the early voyages and extensive diffusion

of the Malay nation. Vol. IV. p. 422 to 430.