Advanced Piezoelectric Materials: Science and Technology

Chapter 3: Relaxor Ferroelectric-Based Ceramics -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Crystal Structures of Relaxor Ferroelectrics -- 3.3. Dielectric Properties of Relaxor Ferroelectrics -- 3.3.1. Origin of Giant Permittivity -- 3.3.2. Diffuse Phase Transition -- 3.3.3. Dielectric Relaxation -- 3.3.3.1. Skanavi-Type Dielectric Relaxation -- 3.3.3.2. Micro-Macro Domain Change -- 3.3.4. Fractal Analysis of Relaxor Ferroelectrics -- 3.3.4.1. Critical Exponent in Relaxor Ferroelectrics -- 3.3.4.2. Fractal Analysis of the Electric Field-Induced AE -- 3.4. Electrostriction in Relaxor Ferroelectrics -- 3.5. Electro-optic Effect -- 3.6. Summary -- References -- Chapter 4: Bi-Based Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3 [BNT]-Based Ceramics -- 4.3. (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3 [BNT]-(Bi1/2K1/2)TiO3 [BKT]-BaTiO3 [BT] System -- 4.4. (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3 [BNT]-(Bi1/2Li1/2)TiO3 [BLT]-(Bi1/2K1/2)TiO3 [BKT] System -- 4.5. (Bi1/2K1/2)TiO3 [BKT]-Based Ceramics -- 4.6. (Bi1/2K1/2)TiO3 [BKT]-BaTiO3 [BT] System -- 4.7. BiMeO3-Based Materials -- 4.8. Summary -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 5: Quartz-Based Piezoelectric Materials -- 5.1. Piezoelectricity of Quartz Crystal -- 5.1.1. Discovery of Piezoelectricity -- 5.1.2. Symmetry of Quartz Crystal and Its Axis -- 5.1.3. Differences Among Other Piezoelectric Materials -- 5.2. Production of Artificial Quartz Crystal -- 5.2.1. The Relationship Between Natural and Artificial Quartz Crystal -- 5.2.2. Specifications of Artificial Quartz Crystal -- 5.3. Cutting Angles and Their Vibration Mode -- 5.3.1. Examples of Typical Cutting Angles and Their Vibration Mode and Characteristics -- 5.3.2. Major Cutting Angles (AT-Cut and +1°-X-Cut) and Their Vibration -- 5.3.2.1. AT-Cut Thickness Shear Mode Quartz Crystal Vibrator -- 5.3.2.2. +1°-X-Cut Tuning Fork Quartz Crystal Vibrator (Cantilever, Tuning Fork)