Junii 20. Wee went from this good famielye uppon Sat: 20: Ju: and by the way in his grounds hee showed good marle; he breedes about 20 calves yeerely: I saw hansome wellikeing stirkes of his about 20: This morneing I tasted pure white honey out of the last yeares combe. Here bees prosper well, though itt bee soe much north; here is about 18 hives: none perished last winter: The mouthes stopped in winter close uppe: onely to admitt fire, butt a little hole bee made with a stick: The hives were onely covered on the top with a clod of earth, and are indeed verye strong and substantiall: In some places in this countrey they remoove their hives in winter into their houses: They yeeld most profitt, and purest honey, if they live nott above 2 or 3 yeeres: and then may bee drowned: A good hive worth 17. 10s. 0. or 27. per annum. Soe much

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were their bees worth: Here I saw the most and best purest honey that I ever met withall: One great pott worth 5 or 67. Greater profitt herein than in any other commoditie, and with least trouble and chardge:

This day att Bishoppe-Auckland with Dr. Moreton,2 Bishopp of Durham, who maintaines great hospitalitie, in an orderly well governed house, and is a very worthy reverend bishoppe: whose importunitie I could nott resist who when I offered to take leave, brought mee into my chamber:

This castle as itt is a stately, pleasaunt seate, of great receipt, soe is itt of great strength, compassed with a thicke stone wall seated uppon the side of an hill, uppon a rocke: a river running below: and good store of wood (though little timber) encompassing above.

Here is a verye faire, neate hall, as I have found in any bishopps palaces in Engl: Two chapples belong hereunto: the one over the

2 Thomas Morton, born at York 20 March, 1564, being son of Richard Morton of that city, mercer and alderman, was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, of which society he was elected scholar in 1584, B.A. 1586, M.A. 1590, B.D. 1598, D.D. 1606. He was successively rector of Long Marston, chaplain to Ralph, Lord Eure when ambassador extraordinary to the Emperor, in which office he not only became acquainted with many learned men but had an opportunity of furnishing his library by judicious purchases at Frankfort. He was made dean of Gloucester in 1607, dean of Winchester in 1609, prebendary of York in 1610, bishop of Chester 1616, bishop of Lichfield 1618, and bishop of Durham in 1632. When in 1641 it was resolved that cathedral establishments should be suppressed, Dr. Morton with other of his brethren protested and was impeached and his revenues sequestrated. The proceedings against him were allowed to drop, but in 1645 he again came into conflict with the Government of the day and in the following year he was deprived of the revenues of the see. A considerable annual allowance was promised him though apparently never paid. He died in retirement 22 September, 1659, aged 94. There is an engraved portrait of Bp. Morton in Hutchinson, History of Durham, vol. 1, p. 495.

A full account of the Bishop of Durham's house at Auckland, may be found in Raine, Auckland Castle, Durham, 1852. For notices of the original chapels built by Bishop Bek in 1308, described by the Diarist, and for an exhaustive description of the present magnificent chapel, see a paper by the Rev. J. F. Hodgson in Arch. Ael., 2 ser., vol. xvíí, pp. 113-240.

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other the higher a most daintie, neate, light, pleasaunt place: butt the voice is soe drowned, and swallowed by the echo, as few wordes can bee understoode. The tower is made use of uppon Sabbathdayes where 21 Ju: Dr. Dod4 now Deane of Rippon made an excellent sermon great resort hither on Sab: by the neighbourhood: one sermon in mor: and praiers in aftern: Here are 3 dineing roomes: a faire matted gallerye: wherein there was placed on both sides these pictures: Jo: Huss: Hierom of Prauge: Luther: Zuinglius Cranmer: Latymer: Whittakers: Wickcliffe: Calvin : Beza: Perkins: Bullinger: Jewell: Fagius: Ridley: Bradford : Zanchius Bucer: etc. and none butt of this straine.5

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A daintie, stately parke, wherein I saw wild bulls and kine which had 2 calves runners: There are about 20 wild beasts all white: will nott endure your approach; butt if they bee enraged or distressed, very violent and furious: their calves will bee wondrous fatt.6

Apud Prandium, this 20 Junii: A discourse per ipsum episcopum of a petition or supplication presented to the Queen Eliz: hy a girle of 12 or 14 yeares of age: whose father was injuriously committed to prison by the meanes and greatness of my L: Hunsdon then L: Chamb: who beeing committed sends for a daughter, a child of pregnant witt and parts: and gives hir money to pay for hir fraughts : directs hir to take presently a paire of oares to Greenwitch: and to goe directly to the Queen and nott to impart unto any hir errand : onely shee was by hir father directed to answer all that questioned hir: I have a supplication hir Mtie. Shee was brought uppe into the

4 Thomas Dod, D.D., dean of Ripon, is mentioned in Six North Country Diaries, p. 30n. He died in February, 1647-8.

5 John Huss, the Bohemian reformer and martyr, born 1370, died 1415. Jerome of Prague, the friend and disciple of John Huss, born circa 1365, burnt 1416. Luther, the reformer, born 1483, died 1546. Zuinglius, the Swiss reformer, born 1484, died 1531. Cranmer, archbishop of Canterbury and reformer, born 1489, burnt 1556, to whose wisdom the Book of Common Prayer owes much. Latimer, bishop of Worcester and a Marian martyr, died 1555. William Whittaker, Master of St. John's College and protestant controversialist, born 1547; died 1595. Wickliffe, the reformer, born 1324, died 1384. Calvin, the Swiss reformer, born 1509, died 1564. Beza, protestant theologian, born 1519, died 1605. William Perkins, fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge, and protestant controversialist, born 1558, died 1602. Bullinger, a Swiss reformer, born 1504, died 1575. Jewell, bishop of Salisbury, a protestant apologist, born 1522, died 1571. Fagius, a German protestant, died at Cambridge in 1550, aged 44. Ridley, bishop of London, one of the Marian martyrs, died 1555. John Bradford, a Marian martyr, died 1555. Zanchius, otherwise Zanchi, an Italian protestant, born 1516, died at Heidelburg, 1590. Bucer, the reformer, born 1491, died 1551.

The wild cattle at Auckland remained until the Civil War.

Sir Henry Carey, first cousin of Q. Elizabeth, was created Baron Hunsdon in 1559, and held many important public offices. He was Lord Chamberlain of the Household from 1585 to his death in 1596.

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Fraught the hire of a boat for the transportation of a freight or cargo, New English Dictionary.

Presence where the Countess of Oxford9 personated the Queen and deceived the child: afterwards beeing brought before the Queen, my Lo: Hunsd: present, who seeing hir, said: 'This is a prettie supplicatour' who beeing commaunded to deliver hir message, said: 'A supplication to your Matie. my L: Hunsd: hath committed my father like a theyfe, to prison, for seekeing his owne': The Queene much displeased, said: 'My Lord ex ore infantice you are condemned. Lett this bee reformed'; hee was therebye sett at libertie.

Some other facetious discourses I remember: Archies 10 answer to Don Olivaries: (when there was a solemne precession and great adoration of the hoast in the streetes) who demaunded whether hee did nott beleeve that Christ was there really and personally present: He answered: Noe for hee had heard itt said: that when hee was uppon the earth: that the whoresome theeves crucified him, therefore hee will come noe more amongst them: Herewith Olivaries much taken asked him another question: Dost nott thou beeleeve that the Popes Holliness is guided with such an infallible spiritt, as that hee cannott erre: soe as if he say your red coate be black, you are bound to beeleeve him': to which hee answered: What saith your Excellence': Hee repeated the same question: After he had a little paused, and stammered: he answered: 'If the Pope say soe, hee is ill of eyesight': These answers were reported to the King and Queen of Spaine, who were much affected therewith and then was there conferred, and is still continued, a pension of 100l. per annum.

I demaunded from him: whether bowing to the altar were injoyned, and commaunded by any canon, or left free and arbitrarie : Hee answered: Itt was left free and arbitrarie: Itt was nott bowing to the altar now in use, butt towards the east, as Daniell pray (sic): and itt was nott to bee accounted an altar, butt the communion tablell:

'Edward de Vere, seventeenth Earl of Oxford, succeeded his father in 1562 and died in 1604. He married, first, Anne, daughter of William Cecil Lord Burghley; and, secondly, Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Trentham of Roucester. See Burke, Extinct Peerage.

10 Archibald Armstrong, more commonly known as Archie the King's jester, said to have been originally a sheep stealer in Eskdale, stood high in the favour of James I, who permitted him to accompany Charles, Prince of Wales, and Buckingham to Spain in 1623 when the Prince went to woo the Infanta. With the Royal family at Madrid Archie managed to ingratiate himself and also received gifts from Olivarez, the all powerful prime minister. He retained his office of Court Fool on the accession of Charles I., but experienced the ill offices of Laud whom he is said to have insulted by begging permission to say grace at Whitehall, he being present, and blurting out Great praise be given to God and little laud to the Devil.' He subsequently retired to Arthuret in Cumberland, where he, or a kinsman of the same name, was buried 1 April, 1672.

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11 Daniel went into his house (now his windows were open in his chamber towards Jerusalem;) and he kneeled upon his knees.' Daniel vi, 10. Jerusalem must be west or south-west from the place of Daniel's exile.

No one who has visited St. Sophia in Constantinople, built for a

A certaine person seeing some sitt above the communion table in St. Nichol: church in New-castle: said: 'Itt was nott fitt that any should sitt above God himself.’12

This bishopp assured mee, that faire spring water in the morneing receaved into your mouth, and there kept untill itt bee lukewarme and then swallowed is an excellent medicine to cure the cholick and stone: and that hee himself hath been hereby cured, and allsoe Sir Will: Blackstone13 of Gibsett: The reason hereof by him apprehended was that the fasting spittle was herewith swallowed: which hath an excellent virtue fasting: even to kill a serpent: Hee said hee knew some who would never part with any spittle: but swallowed itt downe: Here wee rested the Lord's day and were verye generously and nobly entertained: Here dined with him this day Mr. Linsley Wren of Winchester,14 and his wife a mightye gallant, a fine daintie gentlewoeman: if shee knew not how to value and prise the perfections God hath given hir: whose husband hath impaired his estate in maintaining 14a att soe great height.

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Junii 22: Uppon Munday morneing early, Dr. Dod and myself hence departed: and I delivered unto his servaunt my packquett of letters for Cheshire: I went hence to the cittie of Durham, which is 7 miles from Auckland castle: where I gave in rewards to the officers 10s. 6d:

DURHAM. Wee saw Durham hence: which stands high uppon divers hills, and is a stately and delightfull prospect: Especially the Minster, and the bishopps pallace, which is built castle-wise, this is

Christian temple and now a Mohammedan mosque, can have failed to observe the curious effect produced by the lines of prayer carpets being angled, so that the worshippers, in accordance with Moslem ritual, may pray toward Mecca. In this way the faithful seated on the floor-row behind row-direct their faces not towards the apse but towards the south-east angle of the vast building. This was seen by the Editor on Saturday, 11 January, 1896.

12 The place in St. Nicholas's church where some sitt above the communion table' was probably the gallery over the chancel screen-the old rood loft-in front, or on the west side, of which the holy table may have been placed at the communion time in accordance with post-Reformation custom and agreeable to the rubric. In 1639 Bishop Morton wrote to Yelderd Alvey, vicar of Newcastle, it was required of the churchwardens of St. Nicholas', according as his Majesty hath commanded, that the gallery which obstructs the chancel shall be removed.' See Memoirs of Ambrose Barnes, p. 327.

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13 Sir William Blakiston of Gibside in the county of Durham who was knighted 23 April, 1617, and died in 1641.

14 The name of the place which formerly belonged to the family of Wren is Binchester, near Bishop Auckland. Lindley Wren mentioned in the text, born circa 1600, was eldest son and heir of Sir Charles Wren of Binchester, knight, and of Gray's Inn. He married, circa 1622, Barbara, daughter of the above named Sir William Blakiston

14a There is space for a word left here.

a place of great strength, and is in good repaire: wherein the bishopp doth winter which is nott large as Auckland butt verye stately, and convenient: Hee is Bishoppe of Durham, and Earle of Sadberrie15: In this there is a verye little chappell and noe great hall16 and 3 dineing roomes, and a little gallerie wherein are the armes of all the gentlemen of this countrie of Bishoppricke:

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The Minster is as neately kept as in (sic) any in England, built like unto Paules: Wherein are, in the bodie of the church, on either side, 3 great and stately pillars, as great as Paules: Herein the daintiest font17 that I have seen in Engl: The bodie, or font-stone, and foote of pure marble: over which is placed a cover, or canopie folding of wood, curiously carved, wherein described the historye of Ct. baptisme.

Herein a stately paire of double organs18 which looke both into the bodye of the church, and chauncell: a stately altar stone19 all of fine marble standing uppon a frame of marble pillars of the same marble of the font: When the communion is here administered, which is by the bishoppe himself: here is laid uppon this altar, or rather communion table, a stately cloath of cloath of gold: The bishopp useth the new red embroidered cope20 which is wrought full of starrs: like one, I have seen, worne in St. Dennis in Fraunce: there are here

15 Bishop Pudsey (1153-1195) purchased the wapentake and official earldom of Sadberge, near Darlington, from Richard I., when the latter was preparing for his crusade; the subject is obscure and has not been thoroughly worked out; but see Dr. Lapsley in his notable work The County Palatine of Durham.

16 The Diarist's statement that there was no great hall can only be explained on the supposition that Bp. Hatfield's noble hall-one of the chief ornaments of the castle-had been subdivided into the three dining rooms mentioned in the text in a more substantial manner than has been supposed.

17 The red marble font admired by the Diarist was set up by Dean Hunt circa 1620 and was destroyed when the Scots were quartered or imprisoned in the cathedral in 1641. In 1663 a handsome white marble basin was set up but was turned out in 1847 to make room for the pseudo Norman structure now in use. Happily the 1663 font has been preserved in Pittington church.

18 The pair of double organs' may be identified with the organ built in 1621 and destroyed during the Scottish occupation of the cathedral in 1641. See Rites of Durham, ed. Fowler, pp. 163, 299.

19 The stately altar stone' descriebd in the text represents the communion table set up by Dean Hunt circa 1621, and still existing out of sight, being masked by a table of more fashionable dimensions. It consists of a slab of red marble carried on six supports of the same material inlaid with marble of a greenish colour. See Rev. W. Greenwell, Durham Cathedral, 2 ed. (1886), p. 61.

20 If the Diarist's statement about the copes means that this vestment had been recently introduced into the Durham ritual it would conflict with the entry in Gyll's Diary recording its disuse in July or August, 1760. ́ See Six North Country Diaries, p. 208. Possibly Gyll's statement may be regarded as an instance of the growth of tradition.