born. Through its institutions, public opinion has free expression and controlling influence, the laws are justly and impartially administered,-legislation rises and expands with the advance of knowledge, and proposes as its true end, the happiness of the people. May these blessings be zealously guarded and long preserved by Englishmen ; and when called upon to alter and adapt the Constitution to the exigencies of advancing civilization, may they be restrained to moderation and prudence, by reverence for institutions won by the fortitude and moulded by the generous spirit and sagacity of our ancestors, and under which England has become prosperous, happy, and free!
Page 167, note 1, for Edward IV. read Edward VI.
182, line 4, insert spiritual and before temporal.
424, line 9, for monarch read monarchy.
426, note 1, for 1848 read 1858.
456, line 27, for accused read accusers.
Accounts national, annual and quarterly publication, 496. Administration of justice, courts for, 109, 113.
Aids, when claimable, 28, 82. Allegiance, oaths of, 444. Allodial lands, what, 24. Anglo-Saxons, their origin, 9, 13; cyning or king, 12; Wittena. Gemote, 12; eorls, ceorls, and theowes, 13; Were-geld, 14; ecclesiastical institutions, 15; territorial divisions, 16; courts, 17; laws, 19; their institutions aristocratic, 20. Apology of the Commons, temp. James I., declaring constitu- tional rights, 237. Appeal, courts of, in law and equity, 113, 456; in criminal cases, 542. Appropriation Act, described, 493. Aristocracy, its defects as a system
of government, 2; its admission into the constitution, 4; repre- sented by House of Lords, 107, 457.
Arms, right to bear, 431.
Army, standing, contrary to the constitution, 201; proposed by James II., 417; recital against, in Mutiny Acts, 497. Articuli super Articuli Cleri, 140. Attaint of juries abolished, 534,
Augmentations, Court of, 190.
Aula Regis, as a Court of Justice, 33, 110; superseded by King's Bench, 111.
Axioms, constitutional, of Magna Charta, 58.
Bail, when allowed, 541. Bankrupt law, first passed, 195. Baronets, created, 244. Baroniam, tenure per, 26. Barons, their origin, 26; majores et minores, 72; summoned to Parliament by writs, 75; created See by letters - patent, 100. Peers.
Bates's case, protest of Commons against impositions, 240. Benevolences, described, and sta- tute concerning, 136; granted to Henry VII., 161; resorted to by Henry VIII., 169. Bill of Rights, 423, 429. Billeting of soldiers, evils of, de- scribed, temp. Car. I., 279; act concerning, 411.
Bills in Parliament, origin of, 107. Bishops, how elected by Constitu- tions of Clarendon, 41; after King John's submission to the Pope, 139; mode of election by statute of Henry VIII., 180; new bishoprics created by him, 192; Bills to remove bishops from Parliament, 355; Act de- priving them of all temporal authority, 356; restored, 381; trial of the seven bishops, 420.
Boroughs, Saxon, 16; in Domes- day Book, 31; charters to, temp. Rich. I., 43; liberties granted by Magna Charta, 54; rise of, representation of, in Parliament, 73; ancient elections for bo- roughs, 128; state of, before Reform Act, 506; voters for, by Reform Act, England, 510; Scotland, 518; Ireland, 521; municipal self-government in,
Breda, Declaration of Charles II. from, 366, 372.
Britain, peopled by Celts from
Gaul, subdued by Romans, S. Britons, their origin; invaded by Picts and Scots, succumbed to Saxons, 8.
Bulls from Rome, statutes against, 151, 181, 211. Burgage-tenure, what, 30. Burke, Edmund; his speech on the duties of members of Par- liament, 479.
Cabinet council; its origin, 434; how selected, 435; cabinet mi- nisters, 436; their duties, 437; effect of, 438. See Ministers of the Crown.
Campbell's (Lord) Libel Act, 535. Candidates, for House of Commons, defined, 469; their responsibi- lities, 470-472. Capite, tenants in, 25. Ceorls, their social condition, 13. Chancellor, Lord, how appointed, 112; president of House of Lords, 452.
Chancery, Court of; how created,
112; nature of, 113. Charles I. constitutional ques- tions of his reign, 259; its cha- racteristic features, 260; first Parliament, 261; adjourned to Oxford, 262; statement of grie- vances, 262; King urges sup- plies, 263; Parliament dissolved, 264; second Parliament, 264; his view of his relation to Par-
liament, 265; impeachment of Buckingham, and resentment of it by Charles, 266; supply con- ditionally voted, 267; Commons' remonstrance, 268; imprison- ment of members, 269; debate thereon and release, 270; com- plaint of lords of breach privi- leges, 271; complaint by King of delay of supplies, and Parlia ment dissolved, 272; forced loans, and imprisonment of members for refusing payment, 273; third Parliament, 274; King's speech, 275; debate on grievances, 276; resolutions thereon, 277; Commons vote supply, 278; Speaker expounds the Commons' liberties, 279; Lords require the judges to ex- plain their refusal of Habeas Corpus, 280; offers his word to observe laws, in lieu of Petition of Right, 280; Secretary Cook's explanation, 281; Commons re- fuse to rely on King's word, 283; urges the Lords to refuse to con- cur in petition, 283; Petition of Right, 284; royal assent in- formally given, 287; Main- waring's political preaching, 287; King restricts any debate on ministers, 288; debate thereon, 289; King gives the royal assent to Petition of Right, 290; Bill of Supply passed, 291; impeachment of Main- waring, 291; complaint of Com mission of Excise, 291; Buck- ingham declared by Commons the cause of the evils and dan- gers of the nation, 292; re- monstrance prepared against col- lection of tonnage and poundage, and King's speech thereon, 293; Parliament prorogued, 294; King's proceedings in vacation, 295; Parliament re-assembled, and complaint of Commons, of illegal taxation, 296; King presses for grant of tonnage and
poundage, 297; Commons pro- ceed against the customers and officers of the Crown, 298; Rolles's case, 299; Speaker re- fuses to put Commons' resolu- tions to the vote, 300; King tries to force the House to ad- journ, 301; dissolves Parliament in anger, 302; Lord Claren- don's opinion of that step, 303; royal proclamation as to future Parliaments, 305; proceedings against members, 306; takes ministers from Puritan party, 307; enforced taxation, tonnage and poundage, 307; forest-laws, 308; ship-money, 309; Claren- don's opinion thereon, 311; fourth Parliament; war with the Scotch, 312; Parliament opened, 313; Commons' de- bate on grievances, 314; King presses his necessities, 315; Commons admit their urgency, but do not remove them, 316; Charles applies to the Lords, who interfere, 317; the Com- mons resent interference, 318; Parliament dissolved, 318; Cla- rendon's opinion on the proceed- ing, 389; Charles's proceedings in the recess, 320; his army defeated by the Scotch at New- castle, 321; Long Parliament opened, 322; King's speech, 323; Lords' proceedings for breach of privileges, 324; im- peachment of Lord Strafford and Sir Francis Windebank, 324; convocation censured, and ship-money declared illegal, 325; impeachment of Laud, and the judges, 325; Commons frater- nize with the Scotch, 327; peti- tion of city of London, 327; King's speech promising amend- ments, 328; takes Puritan lea- ders into office, 329; alters judges' appointments, and passes several Acts, the Triennial Act, 330; Acts for Relief of the
Army, and to prevent untimely dissolving of Long Parliament, 331; Act of Attainder of Earl Strafford, and Act yielding ton- nage and poundage, 332; Act abolishing Star-chamber, 334; abolishing High Commission Court, 335; Act declaring ship- money illegal, 336; Act for cer- tainty of forests, and for preven- tion of vexatious knighthoods, 336; Charles's return from Scotland, and joyful entry into London, 337; grand Remon- strance passed, 338; character- ized by historians, 339; analysis of the Remonstrance, 340-344; estimate of it, 344; Charles's collision with Parliament about privileges, 345; new sources of dispute, 347; new ministers, 348; charge against the five members, 349; Charles's at- tempt to seize them,350; Pym's vindication, 351; Charles fol- lows them into the city, 352; separation of King and Parlia- ment, 353; Charles's efforts to produce a reconciliation, 354; royal assent, by commission, to act removing bishops from Par- liament, 355; Commons require control of the militia, 356; Charles's answer, 357; estimate of the conduct of the King and the Parliament, 358; Civil war, 359; Cromwell, 360; principal events during the interregnum, 360-362.
Charles II.: the Restoration, 364; the Convention Parliament met, 366; its communications with Charles, and his entry into Lon- don, 367; his royal assent to Acts, 368; speech on his want of money, 370; recovery of mo- narchical element, 370; his de- claration from Breda, 372; cre- ates Hyde Baron Hendon, and afterwards Earl Clarendon, 374; declaration on ecclesiastical af-
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