he caused to be cast in a new mould, and sent them thither under the broad seal for their future reglement, to be there sworn to and observed. In which it was required, First, that every residentiary should officiate twice every year, under the pain of paying forty shillings, to be laid out on the ornaments of the church. Secondly, that they should officiate on Sundays and holydays in their copes. Thirdly, that they should stand up at the Creeds and Gospel, and Doxologies, and to bow so often as the Name of JESUS was mentioned; and that no man should be covered in church. Fourthly, that every one should bow toward the altar. Fifthly, that the prayer afore their sermons should be made according to the 55th canon.......From Lincoln it was certified that the Communion-table was not very decent, and the rail before it worse; that the organs were old and naught; and that the copes and vestments were imbezzled, and none remained. From Norwich, that the hangings of the choir were old, and the copes fair, but wanted mending. From Gloucester, that there wanted copes, and that many things were grown amiss since he left the deanery. From Lichfield, that the furniture of the altar was very mean, care therefore to be taken in it for more costly ornaments. The like account from other places, which drew on by degrees such reformation in cathedral churches that they recovered once again their ancient splendour, and served for an example to the parish churches which related to them."Cyprianus Anglicus, pp. 291-293.

[326]

Laud's Restorations alarming to Protestants and Komanists. 1639.] "Some zealous protestants beheld his [Laud's] actings with no small fear, as biassing too strongly toward Rome, that the puritans exclaimed against him for a papist, and the papists cried him up for theirs, and gave themselves some flattering hopes of our coming towards them: but the most knowing and understanding men among them found plainly that nothing could tend more to their destruction than the introducing of some ceremonies which by late negligence and practice had been discontinued. For I have heard a person of known nobility, that at his being at Rome with a father of the English college, one of the novices came in and told him with a great deal of joy that the English were upon returning to the Church of Rome; that they had began to set up altars, to officiate

in their copes, to adorn their churches, and paint the pictures of the saints in the church windows: to which the old father made reply with some indignation, that he talked like an ignorant novice; that these proceedings tended rather to the ruin than the advancement of the Catholick cause; that by this means the Church of England coming nearer to the ancient usages, the Catholicks there would sooner be drawn off from them than any more of that nation would fall off to Rome."-Cyprianus Anglicus, p. 417-418.

[327]

Copes worn at the Marriage of Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, and the Princess Mary.

1641.] "The Bishop of Ely [Dr. Wren], Dean of the Chapel, and the Clerk of the Closet, Dr. Steward, being in rich copes, and having the Liturgy in their hands, stept forward, and stood by the hautpas, where the Dean began the service appointed for Matrimony."-Leland's Collectanea, vol. v. p. 346.

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Copes in Cathedrals.

Ibid.] "The prelatical service is the cathedral service, consisting in these things. (1.) In a long wearisome Liturgy, read after a singing manner, syllables and words drawn out unto a tedious length; which Liturgy is framed out of three Romish books, the Breviary, Purtuis, [sic] and the Mass Book; so as King James said of it, 'that it's an ill said mass from which it needeth purging, and from some vain repetitions, and from a corrupt translation of Holy Scriptures, and other abuses thereof.' (2.) In an unedifying singing and piping on organs. (3.) In superstitious cringing to the Name of JESUS, towards the altar, towards the east. (4.) In a formal observation of habits surplices, hoods, copes, variety of gestures, and ceremonious devotions devised by men."-A Short View of the Prelatical Church of England, written a little while before the Fall of that Hierarchy, about the year 1641.

[329]

Copes in Peterborough Cathedral.

1643.] "When their unhallowed toyings had made them out of wind, they took breath afresh on two pair of organs, piping with the very same about the market-place lascivious jigs, whilst their com

rades danced after them, some in the copes, others with the surplices; and down they brake the bellows to blow the coals of their further mischief."-Mercurius Rusticus, p. 248.

[330]

Copes in Westminster Abbey, S. Paul's Cathedral, and
Lambeth Palace.

Ibid. May 31.] "Ordered [by the House of Commons] that the Committee for pulling down and abolishing all monuments of superstition and idolatry, do take into their custody the copes in the Cathedrals of Westminster, Paul's, and those at Lambeth; and give order that they be burnt, and converted to the relief of the poor in Ireland."-Malcolm's Londinium, vol. I. p. 143.

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Temp. Charles I.] "The third sort of innovations in my chapel charged against me, is the setting up of a Credentia, or side-table, my own and my chaplains' bowing towards the table or altar at our approaches to it, our going in and out from the chapel; my chaplains' with my own using of copes therein, at the celebration of the LORD'S Supper, and solemn consecration of Bishops, attested by Dr. Heywood my own chaplain, who confessed that he celebrated the Sacrament at Lambeth Chapel in a cope; that my other chaplains did the like, and that he thought I was sometimes present when they did it; that the bread, when the Sacrament was administered, was first laid upon the Credentia, from whence he took it in his hand, and then carried it to, and kneeling down upon his knee presented it, laid it on the LORD'S Table, on which there were candlesticks with tapers, but not burning, as he had seen them at Whitehall; which Mr. Cordwell, once my servant, likewise deposed, adding that I was present sometimes when this was done, and that my chaplains bowed down thrice towards the altar at their approaches to it.

To which I answer-First, that I took my pattern of the Credentia from Bishop Andrewes' chapel. Secondly, that this bowing towards the altar was used in the king's chapel and in many cathedrals, both in Queen Elizabeth and King James their reigns. Thirdly, that the use of copes is prescribed by the 24th Canon of our Church, anno 1603......This therefore is no innovation."-Abp. Laud's Defence in Rushworth's Collections, Second Part, pp. 279-280, fol. 1680.

[332]

Copes in Norwich Cathedral.

Ibid.] "There was not that care and moderation used in reforming the cathedral church bordering upon my palace. It is no other than tragical to relate the carnage of that furious sacrilege whereof our eyes and ears were the sad witnesses under the authority and presence of Linsey, Toftes the Sheriff, and Greenwood. Lord, what work was here! what clattering of glasses! what beating down of walls! what tearing up of monuments! what pulling down of seats! what wresting out of iron and brass from the windows and graves! what defacing of arms! what demolishing of curious stone-work that had not any representation in the world, but only the cost of the founder and skill of the mason! what tooting and piping upon the destroyed organ-pipes! and what a hideous triumph on the marketday before all the country! when, in a kind of sacrilegious and profane procession, all the organ-pipes, vestments, both copes and surplices, together with the leaden cross, which had been newly sawn down from over the Green-yard pulpit, and the service-books and singing-books that could be had, were carried to the fire in the public market-place; a lewd wretch walking before the train, in his cope trailing in the dirt, with a service-book in his hand, imitating in an impious scorn the tune, and usurping the words of the Litany used formerly in the Church."-Bishop Hall's Hard MeaSelect Works by Pratt, vol. 1. pp. lv-lvi.

sure.

[333]

Copes in York Cathedral.

1644.] "Furthermore, they [the Royalists] demanded [in their Treaty with the Parliamentary Generals] that all within the town [York] should have liberty of their conscience to use their religion, the prebends to enjoy their places, and to have the Common Prayer, organs, copes, surplices, hoods, crosses, &c. Whatsoever is used by popish idolaters, they would have to be continued in use there, to beautify the Protestant religion, which they profess to fight for. These things were denied by the three generals [Leslie, Fairfax, and the Earl of Manchester.]”—The Scottish Dove sent out and returning, bringing intelligence from the Armies, &c., from Friday the 14th June, to Friday 21st [1644], p. 185, 4to. (no date.)

[334]

Copes in the Chapel of S. Peter's College, Cambridge,
and Lincoln College, Oxford.

Temp. Charles I.] "First, they [certain puritanical witnesses] say, that at Peter House there were copes, and candlesticks, and pictures in the glass windows, and the like......... they say, the chief authors of these things were Dr. Wren and Dr. Cosin. They are both living: why are they not called to answer to their own acts?"-Abp. Laud's Answer, Troubles, &c., pp. 325, 326.

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Ibid.] "He [Archbishop Williams] also repaired one side of Lincoln College in Oxford, and built a chapel there, where the Mysteries of our SAVIOUR CHRIST while He was upon earth, being neatly coloured in the glass windows, make a great and solemn appearance. The screen and lining of the walls is of cedar-wood. The copes, the plate, and all sorts of furniture for the Holy Table, being rich and suitable."-Hacket's Life of Williams, p. 146, 8vo. 1715.

[336]

Copes worn in Parochial Churches, as S. Leonard's, Shoreditch, S. Giles's, &c.

1636.] "For these mother-churches, to which all daughterchurches must conform, are they not the natural daughters of Rome? Do they not from top to toe exactly resemble her? Her pompous service, her altars, palls, copes, crucifixes, images, superstitious gestures and postures, all instruments of music (as at the dedication of the king of Babylon's image), long Babylonish service, so bellowed and warbled out, as the hearers are but little wiser......must therefore all churches conform to their new Romish fashions?....What! must other churches have organs, singing quires, altars, images, crucifixes, tapers, copes, and the like, because such is the guise of Cathedrals? Must long chanting service go up and preaching go down, because it is so in Wolverhampton, Durham, and other Cathedrals?"-For GOD and the King: the sum of two Sermons preached on the 5th of November last, in S. Matthew's, Friday street, 1636, by Henry Burton, &c. pp. 159-163, 4to. 1636.

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1640.] "The like [persecution by the House of Commons] happened also unto Heywood, Vicar of S. Giles's-in-the-Fields;