direction of the opera: but, as Dr. Burney observes, he arrived at an unfavourable time; for as Sacchini had preceded him, and as the winter following was only rendered memorable at the opera-house by misfortunes, disgrace, and bankruptcy, his reputation was rather diminished than increased in this kingdom. In 1787, he finally settled at Rome, where his reputation was at its height, and continued unabated to the day of his death in 1795. Besides his operas, he composed some oratorios from words selected by Metastasio.1

ANGE DE ST. JOSEPH (LE PERE), a barefoot carmelite of Toulouse, whose real name was LA BROSSE, lived a long while in Persia in, quality of apostolic missionary: the liberty he enjoyed in that country, gave him an opportunity to acquire the language. He was also provincial of his order in Languedoc, and died at Perpignan in 1697. The knowledge he had acquired in the East, induced him to undertake a Latin translation of the Persian Pharmacopoeia, which appeared at Paris in 1681, 8vo. There is also by him, "Gazophylacium linguæ Persarum," Amst. 1684, fol. He there explains the terms in Latin, in French, and in Italian, in order that his book may be of service to the enlightened nations of Europe in general. His reputation as a Persian scholar was considerably great in his own country, until our learned Dr. Hyde published his "Castigatio in Angelum à St. Joseph, alias dictum de la Brosse." The reason of this castigation was, that La Brosse had attacked the Persian gospels in the English Polyglot, and the Latin version of them by Dr. Samuel Clarke. Dr. Hyde immediately wrote a letter to him, in which he expostulated with him, and pointed out his mistakes, but received no answer. At length, in 1688, La Brosse came over to England, weut to Oxford, and procured an introduction to Dr. Hyde, without letting him know who he was, although he afterwards owned his name to be LA BROSSE, and that he came over to justify what he had advanced. After a short dispute, which he carried on in Latin, he began to speak the Persian language, in which he was surprised to find Dr. Hyde more fluent than himself. Finding, however, that he could not defend what he had asserted, he took his leave with a promise to return, and either defend it, or acknowledge his error; but, as he performed neither, Dr. Hyde

1 Biog. Universelle.-Burney's Hist. of Music, vol. IV.

published the Castigatio." In this he first states La Brosse's objections, then shews them to be weak and trifling, and arising from his ignorance of the true idiom of the Persian tongue. As to his "Pharmacopoeia," Hyde proves that it was really translated by father Matthieu, whose name La Brosse suppressed, and yet had not the courage to place his own, unless in Persian characters, on the title. This appears to have sunk his reputation very considerably in France. 1

ANGE DE STE ROSALIE, a barefoot Augustine, and a learned genealogist, whose family name was Francis Haffard, was born at Blois in 1655, and died at Paris in 1726, He was preparing a new edition of the History of the Royal Family of France, and of the great Officers of the Crown; begun by pere Anselm, the first edition of which appeared in 1672, 2 vols. 4to, and the second in 1712, improved by M. de Fourni. But he was suddenly seized by death, leaving behind him the memory of a laborious scholar; le pere Simplicion, his associate in this work, published it in 9 vols. fol. Pere Ange also composed "l'Etat de la France," in 5 vols. 12mo, and republished in 1746, in 6 vols. a very curious and useful work on what may now be termed the ancient history and constitution of France."

ANGEL (JOHN), an English clergyman and nonconformist, was born about the latter end of the sixteenth century, in Gloucestershire, and admitted of Magdalen hall, Oxford, in 1610. After taking his degrees in arts, he went into the church, and became a frequent and popular preacher. In 1630 he preached a lecture at Leicester; but, in 1634, was suspended by the dean of the arches for preaching without a licence. In 1650, the Independents, who then were predominant, obliged him to leave Leicester, because he refused to subscribe to their engagement. On this the Mercers' company chose him lecturer of Grantham in Lincolnshire, where he remained until his death in 1655, an event which was deeply lamented by his flock. He wrote "The right government of the Thoughts," London, 1659, 8vo, and "Four Sermons," ibid. 8vo. 3

3

ANGELI (BONAVENTURE), an Italian historian of some reputation, was born at Ferrara in the sixteenth century. He was an able lawyer, and had the management of the

1 Dict. Historique.-Biog. Universelle.Biog. Britannica, art. Hyde,
2 Biog. Universelle,-Moreri.
3 Ath. Ox, vol. 11,

affairs of the dukes of Ferrara. He afterwards settled at Parma, and became the historian of the place. Clement, in his "Bibliotheque curieuse," informs us, that Angeli having collected materials from actual observation respecting the geography of Italy, with a view to correct the er.rors of Ptolomey, Pliny, and the modern geographers, took Parma in his way, and was requested to write its history. For this purpose Erasmus Viotto, the bookseller, accommodated him with his library, and the history was finished within six months, but was not published until after his death, if he died in 1576, as is asserted by Baruffaldi, in the supplement to his history of the university of Ferrara, and by Mazzuchelli in his "Scrittori Italiani." The work was entitled "Istoria della citta di Parma e descrizione del Fiume Parma, lib. VIII." Parma, 1591, 4to. Each book is dedicated to some one of the principal lords of Parnia, whose pedigree and history is included in the dedication. The copies are now become scarce, and especially those which happen to contain some passages respecting P. L. Farnese, which were cancelled in the rest of the impression. The year before, a work by the same author was published which ought to be joined with his history, under the title "Descrizione di Parma, suoi Fiumi, e largo territorio." He wrote also the "Life of Ludovico Catti," a lawyer, 1554, and some other treatises, "De non sepeliendis mortuis;" "Gli elogi degli eroi Estensi," and "Discorso intorno l'origine de Cardinali," 1565.'

ANGELICO (FRA GIOVANNI), da Fiesole, so called from the place where he was born, in 1387. He was at first the disciple of Giottino, but afterwards became a Dominican friar, and in that station was as much admired for his piety as his painting. His devout manner procured him the name of Angelico, or the angelic painter, and it is said that he never took up his pencil without a prayer, and had his eyes filled with tears when representing the sufferings of our Saviour. Nicholas V. employed him în his chapel, to paint historical subjects on a large scale, and prevailed on him soon after to decorate several books with miniature paintings. Although there are in his best paintings considerable defects, yet he was a most skilful instructor, and his amiable temper procured him many scholars. He always painted religious subjects; and it is given as a

1 Biog. Universelle.

proof of his extraordinary humility, that he refused the archbishopric of Florence when tendered to him by Nicholas V. as the reward of his talents. With respect to the objections made to his pictures, we are farther told, that he purposely left some great fault in them, lest his self-love might be too much flattered by the praises that would have been bestowed; a practice, however absurd in an artist, not unsuitable to monkish ideas of mortification. He died in 1448."

ANGELIERI (BONAVENTURE), a writer of the seventeenth century, was a monk of the order of the minorites of St. Francis, and a native of Marsalla in Sicily. He was also vicar-general of his order at Madrid, and became afterwards one of the fathers of the Observance. He was living in 1707, as in that year Mongitore speaks of him, among living authors, in his "Bibl. Sicula." This monk published two volumes, the nature of which may be judged from the titles: the first was called "Lux magica, &c. cœlestium, terrestrium, et inferorum origo, ordo, et subordinatio cunctorum, quoad esse, fieri, et operari, viginti quatuor voluminibus divisa," Venice, 1685, 4to. This he published under the assumed name of Livio Betani, but prefixed his name to the second, entitled "Lux magica academica, pars secunda, primordia rerum naturalium, sanabilium, infirmarum et incurabilium continens," Venice, 1687, 4to. These, as appears by the first, were to be followed by twenty-two more volumes on the same subjects.

ANGELIO, or DEGLI ANGELI (PETER), an eminent Italian scholar and Latin poet, was born in 1517, at Barga in Tuscany, and thence surnamed, in Italian, BARGEO, and in Latin, BARGEUS. He received his early education under an uncle, an able linguist, and was made acquainted with Greek and Latin when only ten years old. It was at first intended that he should study law at Bologna, but his taste for literature was decided, and when he found that his uncles would not maintain him there, if he continued to study the belles lettres, he sold his law books, and subsisted on what they produced, until a rich Bolognese, of the family of Pepoli, offered to defray the expence of his education. His poetical turn soon appeared, and while at the university, he formed the plan of his celebrated poem on the chase, but having written some satirical verses at the ? Biog. Universelle.

1 Pilkington.-Dict. Hist. VOL. II.

R

request of a noble lady, with whom he was in love, he dreaded the consequences of being known as the author, and quitted Bologna. At Venice, whither he now repaired, he found an asylum with the French ambassador, who entertained him in his house for three years, and employed him to correct the Greek manuscripts, which Francis I. had ordered to be copied for the royal library at Paris. He afterwards accompanied another French ambassador to Constantinople, and with him made the tour of all the places in Asia Minor and Greece that are noticed in the works of the classics. In 1543 he was on board the fleet sent by the grand seignior to the environs of Nice, against the emperor, and commanded by the famous Barbarossa; and he was with the above ambassador at the siege of Nice by the French. After encountering other hardships of war, and fighting a duel, for which he was obliged to fly, he found means to return to Tuscany. At Florence he was attacked with a tertian ague, and thinking he could enjoy health and repose at Milan, to which place Alphonso Davalos had invited him, he was preparing to set out, when he received news of the death of that illustrious Mæcenas.

He now endeavoured to console himself by cultivating his poetical talent, an employment which had been long interrupted, and resumed his poem on the chase, for which he had collected a great many notes and observations in the East and in France. In 1546, the inhabitants of Reggio chose him public professor of Greek and Latin, with a handsome allowance, and the rights of citizenship. In this office he continued about three years, after which the grand duke, Cosmo I. invited him to be professor of the belles lettres at Pisa. After filling this chair for seventeen years, he exchanged it for that of moral and political science, and lectured on Aristotle's two celebrated treatises on these subjects. Such was his attachment to that university, and to the grand duke, that during the war of Sienna, when Cosmo was obliged to suspend payment of the professors' salaries, Angelio pawned his furniture and books, that he might be enabled to remain at his post, while his brethren fled. And when the Siennese army, commanded by Peter Strozzi, approached Pisa, which had no troops for its defence, our professor put arms into the hands of the students of the university, trained and disciplined them, and with their assistance defended the city until the grand duke was able to send them assistance.