1. Security; 2. Salubrity; 3. Classification according to age, sex, and crime; 4. Employment; 5. Means of instruction 6. Opportunity and space for exercise; 7. Proper sustenance; 8. Clothing; 9. Cleanliness; 10. Attendance and convenience for the sick.

To this list might be added many other requisites: but if a prison possess not all which have been enumerated, the ends of punishment will be defeated, misery increased, vice promoted, and humanity outraged. Take, for instance, a gaol where is little or no classification: lock up in the same cell, or confine in the same apartment, a boy of 12 years of age, committed, perhaps, for his first offence, with a veteran plunderer committed for his twentieth; or the accused of petty larceny, with him who has imbrued his hands in the blood of a fellow creature:-these occurrences are not rare: what must be the consequence? The infection will spread, and the comparatively innocent will, in a very short time, become as thoroughly corrupted as his depraved and abandoned associates. Again, who does not shudder at the thought of throwing the girl of 15, not yet entirely debased, into hourly contact with the lowest prostitute, long lost to all sense of decency and shame! Bitter are the fruits of such neglect. Another practice which has long prevailed, cannot be mentioned without horror and disgust. So restricted is the accommodation for capital convicts in Newgate (but fifteen cells), that almost always two, and generally three, persons under sentence of death, are locked up at night in the same cell: boys from 10 to 16, with convicts of any age. But this is not the greatest grievance. He who is condemned for forgery, or some crime to which mercy is seldom extended,

shares his cell with him who has received the same sentence for shoplifting, or some other offence for which life is scarcely ever sacrificed. Surely this is a time, when the unfortunate sufferer, whose life the law requires should receive all possible assistance and consolation in his extremity; yet is he doomed to spend his last hours amidst un, repenting vice and iniquity; and his pray! ers for mercy are disturbed by the blasphemies and scoffs of his companions.

Perhaps the most injurious defect, next to the absence of classification, is the want of employment. Almost all who enter the walls of a prison, depend for an honest maintenance on the produce of their own labour. Industry is a habit, which, if once broken, is the most difficult to re-acquire'; hence it often happens that those who have been confined for slight offences, without work, never recover their former habits of labour; and, when released, become idle and dissolute characters. Nor is this all. Experience has shewn that all attempts at good regulation or reform are entirely unsuccessful, where there are no means of occupying the vacant hours. The advantages are innumerable; the prisoner may contri bute to his own maintenance, or even, in some cases, earn some small pittance for a family deeply suffering for his offences. For these, and many other reasons, it is earnestly recommended that every prison be supplied with the means of employing its inmates."

"Amongst the requisites enumerated, there is not one which is not of indispensable importance to the constitution of a good prison. How far each of these particulars may contribute to the ultimate object it is not necessary now to discuss, for the slightest consideration will satisfy all, that such requisites are essential."

AGRICULTURAL REPORT.

ALTHOUGH the superabundant quantity of moisture, and repeated frosty nights during the early part of June, materially altered the aspect of the crops on cold-bottomed and tenacious soils, yet have we no reason to change our opinion with respect to general appearances. We are still sanguine in our expectation of an abundant corn harvest, and view with satisfaction the cheering prospect of our own internal resources; at the same time, the growers survey with solicitude and apprehension, the great influx of foreign wheat.

Hay turns up a good swath, but not so heavy as might have been expected; the cold rains stinted the progress of vegetation altogether, and the corn ears a week later than usual; consequently there is some probability that the harvest will not be very early.

Turnip sowing is a little backward, from the same cause: the heavy lands became poached, and afforded but an indifferent seed-bed. The fly has also made considerable havock amongst the first-sown Swedes.

Moist weather, at the present season, naturally and invariably accelerates the growth of weeds; this year has by no means proved an exception, consequently many of the inferior hands have thereby been furnished with employment.

We are under some apprehension about the young grasses; the sets are certainly not strong, but we fear in many places very defective: they have been injured by insects, particularly that mentioned in our last, which attacked the peas and beans-the latter have each mended in appearance.

Wool meets with a readier sale than was previously anticipated, and at somewhat better prices; store cattle, sheep, and pigs, also produce advanced prices.

COMMERCIAL REPORT.

Lloyd's Coffee House, June 20, 1820. IT is certainly impossible for us to determine how far the majority of our readers have been initiated into the mysteries of the Stock Exchange, or, indeed, whether they well understand the distinction which Linnæus himself would have passed over as beyond his powers of arrangement-that between bulls and bears, as exhibited in the money-market of the British metropolis. Nevertheless, they may, perhaps, partake our enjoyment when a few days ago witnessing the conflict between these gentlemen in opposite interests on occasion of the loan lately effected by Government. "It will certainly be at five per CERË. PREMIUM,” says one of the contractors; "the quantity of unemployed capital among the merchants of London is at this moment immense :-depend on it, my dear Sir, that very large commissions from the country will arrive, directly as the terms are understood. I know it must bear a PREMIUM."-" No such thing, says his opponent: let me intreat you to make up your mind to ten per cent. DISCOUNT: and that, long before Christmas. Only look at the situation of this kingdom-of Europe-of the world: I would not depend on every idle rumour-but, I have very good authority for saying that" Then follows, en suite, a long catalogue of calamities, enough to make one's hair stand on end,

"Like quills upon the fretful porcupine,"

with many a discouraging allusion to events long gone by, and to former speculations in ommum, which issued in loss. Such is the spirit of speculation and commerce! The sums lost and won by it exceed all calculation; and very inadequate are the powers to which we can pretend, to do any thing like justice to a subject so intricate, yet so

extensive.

But, the approach of a loan has always an effect on commerce: as several parties form their lists respectively, and each must make preparations for realizing the early payments, each must hold a considerable quantity of money in readiness, among self and friends, to meet the contract, should the event demand it. Hence, not only the price of the stocks are affected, but the markets for commodities also, by the state of suspense attendant on the impending transaction. This may contribute to account for that want, of spirit, which not long ago was felt in commercial concerns: at present, a partial animation has taken place, and we have to report that several articles have experienced considerable improvement.

COFFEE, for instance, though extensive sales have lately been brought forward, has met with ready buyers, and at a rise of 25. or 3s. per cwt. if the quality were respectable. At this moment the demand may be stated as uncommonly brisk; and with little or no exceptions, the whole that has been offered for sale has been sold. We hope that we are correct in stating, that a principal cause of this rise may be traced to very favourable accounts from the Continent, especially from Germany; and the opportunity is embraced by a greater number of houses than has been customary; not less than ten or cleven sales being now announced, and with fair prospects. This is the usual time of the year for the new crops being brought to market: however, as yet, nothing like a glut has been perceived. SUGAR has felt a rise, though not so considerable as coffee: the business done, however, is extensive; and the buyers come forward cheerfully. In the refined market the supply is not at this moment equal to the demand, especially for lumps. If the general opinion may be taken as a criterion, the trade is not only reviving, but is likely to hold its improvement, and this as well for home consumption as for exportation.

TEAS appear by the reports from the recently-closed sale at the India House, to have sold at an advance on the prices of the last sale: and of some kinds it is said, that they have changed hands already, at a profit of 2d. or 3d. per lb. The finer qualities were the favourites, and the sale was well supported. The teas in the Private trade have fetched full prices; but the best teas are the Company's.

COTTON has no improvement to boast of at present. The buyers offer a trifle under the currency, but the sellers hold back in consequence, the sales are very limited; and but little business is done. It is suspected, however, that some small quantities have been disposed of on the buyer's terms; but not enough to establish a currency, or to influence the market.

The unsettled state of the weather has not only affected our own island, but has, probably, extended over much of the Continent. Advices from Bourdeaux report that the vines are already injured, and that the prospect of the ensuing vintage is unfavourable. This has varied the price of brandy, as well there, as here. Nor will that article, probably, remain stationary at its present price; but a change in the temperature of the atmosphere may, it is to be hoped, dissipate the present fears.

The demand for the products of the Whale Fishery has lately much increased; and this ap pears to have been caused by orders from abroad chiefly. Much of the oil expected is sold before its arrival, which is, indeed, nothing uncommon, but in connexion with the prevailing adoption of gas-light, or rather in opposition to it, deserves notice. This will natu

rally remind the reader of the ships sent to explore the Arctic regions; of which we have heard nothing for many months; but should be happy to report their welfare, which cannot but be an object of great anxiety to many a relative and many a friend.

The indications of the month are, on the whole, more satisfactory than they have sometimes been, and if we may judge from the orders transmitted by the Continental dealers, the rivalships affectedly set up in opposition to the interests of Britain, have as yet little to boast of. To suppose that this little Island must bear the sway in every undertaking would be folly; but, if our workmen honestly and fairly exert their skill and diligence, and our merchants judiciously employ their interest and capital, as they well know how, the commercial concerns of this country are much more likely to excite the envy than the pity of those who grudge them every degree of superiority, whether the consequence of real excellence, or of the partiality of fashion, and fashionable prepossessions.

Daily Prices of STOCKS, from the 25th May to the 25th June 1820, inclusive.

4 per Ct.
Consols.

5 per Ct.
Navy.
Long
Annuities
Imperial

3 per Ct.

COURSE OF EXCHANGE, from the 26th May to the 23d June, 1820.

221

1713674

17 67

2 dis.

1 dis.

1

2 dis.

14 pm. 1 13 pm. 1

N. B. In Bankruptcies in and near London, the Attorneys are to be understood to reside in London; and in Country Bankruptcies at the Residence of the Bankrupt, except otherwise expressed,

V DIVIDENDS.

Farley, E. & R. Dodd, Milton-next-
Sittingborne, Kent, June 19
Fletcher, S. Doncaster, June 20
Fisher, W. Union-place, Lambeth,

Forder, W. Basingstoke, June 10
Goodchild, J. sen. Low Pallion, Dur.

ham J. & W, Jackson, late of Dow-
gate Wharf, London; J. Goodchild,
Jun. High Pallion, Durham; J. Jack-
son, late of Eppleton, Durham; and
T.Jones, sen. late of Greencroft, Dur-
ham, June 12

Gates, J. Grimstone, Norfolk, June 23
Glenny, J. Red Lion-street, Clerken
well, June 17

Grant, J. Coleman-street, June 22
Grimsby, J. B. Kingston-upon-Hull,
June 27

Grimwood, S. Bures, Suffolk, June 6
Gale, J. Paternoster-row, June 24
Hardisty, G. & J. Cowing, Bedford-

court, Govent-garden, June 30
Hunt, C. Mark-lane, June 17
Hellicar, T. & J. Bristol, June 21
Henry, I. Liverpool, June 20
Humphries, J. Birmingham, June 21
Hall, T., & J. Malkin, Compton, Der-
byshire, June 9

Hamblin, S. Wotton-under - Edge,
Gloucestershire, June 3

Harris, J. Haselor, Warwickshire,June 5
Harrison, J. Sheffield, June 6
Hanham, W. Bath, July 1

Heath, W. Lower-street, Islington,

Hopkinson, J. Liverpool, June 16
Hornsby, T. Cornhill, June 3
Jennings, W. Aldersgate-street, June 3
Jones, T. Liverpool, June 10
Jordan, R., J. Smith, & J. Litchfield,
Leadenhall-street, June 13

Josling, N. Bexley-heath, Kent, June 15
Kendrick, J. Bellington Mills, Wor-
cestershire, June 21

Knight, J. Coppice-row, Clerkenwell,
June 8

Lancaster,T. J. Cateaton-street, June 27
Lambert, S. A. Bread-street, June 17
Lees, D. Foul Leach, Oldham, June 13
Lincoln, R. St. James-street, Westmin-
ster, June 17

Mackenzie, C. late of Caroline-street,
Bedford-square, June 3

Manfredi, J. S., T. Luff, & H. Henshall,
Wheeler-str. Norton Falgate, June 24

INCIDENTS, APPOINTMENTS, BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, DEATHS, &c.
IN LONDON AND MIDDLESEX.
With Biographical Accounts of Distinguished Persons.