baptism according to the Russian rite. It is taken from a Bulgarian chronicle, a Runic manuscript of the thirteenth or fourteenth century, which is preserved in the library of the Vatican,

In his work on the ancient Christian monuments, Ciampini reproduces a picture of the baptism of Valerian by immersion, taken from an antique fresco, painted by a master of the Greek school established in Italy in the ninth or tenth century. It was still to be seen in Ciampini's time, although partially injured, in the ancient church of St. Andrea, in Barbara, which was built on the ruins of the

Fig. 10. BAPTISM ACCORDING TO THE RUSSIAN RITE.

ancient Basilica Sicimana in the fifth century. It is, however, now quite destroyed.*

Mention might be made of many other ancient paintings of baptism by immersion, but time and space forbid. We will merely, for the present, indicate to our readers the following MSS. in the library of the Vatican, in which baptism is represented according to the primitive mode:

1.-Vatican Codex MS. 1156, a Greek Evangelisterium of the twelfth century-Baptism of Christ.

2.-V. MS. Palatine 871. Latin. Historia Sacra.-Baptism of Christ. Fourteenth century.

3.-V. MS. 8541, Acta Sanctorum. Several pictures of baptism by immersion and by affusion. Fifteenth century (Fig. 11).

4.-V. MS. Palat. 413. Baptism of Christ. Fifteenth century.

5.-V. MS. Reginæ, 99. fol. 24.

Baptism of Christ in

8 8 3 3 3
gm-aniotomi baptizanu

ai tota nadione.

Fig. 11. BAPTISM OF ARISTIDES. From a MS. in the Library of the Vatican.

the Jordan. On the following page, the dipping of Naaman is represented much in the same way. This MS., written in Latin verses, is a sacred history, and is of the fifteenth century. Beneath the Baptism of Christ are the following words:

"Flumis baptizām imersionē.”

6.-V. MS. Palat. 26.

7.-V. 1643.

8.-V. MS. Codex xlviii. fol. 148. Edited by Joseph, a monk in Egypt. This MS. is in the Arabic language, and is a Liturgy of Basil the Great.

9.-V. Codex. cdxcvii. fol. 533. 10.-V. Codex. cdlxxii. fol. 527.

Coptic MSS. Meno

logues or Calendars of the Copts.

Fig. 12. ST. SYLVESTER BAPTIZING CONVERTS.

12.-V. MS. Lat. 278. Edited by Cardinal Baronius. 13.-V. Codex. Lat. 4931. Ambrosius, De mysteriis. sive Sacramentis Ecclesiasticis.

14.-V. Codex. Lat. 4361.

15.-V. Codex. Greek. 752. Pars i. fol. 193 (Fig. 12). MSS. in the Biblothèque Nationale, at Paris :1.-Supp. Lat. 641. Liber Precum (Prayer book). Baptism of Christ. It is a miniature of the ninth century.

2.-MS. No. 94. Greek Gospels, tenth century. Ten pictures of baptism by immersion.

3.-MS. Greek. 1528. fol. 182. twelfth century.

MSS. in the Library of the British Museum :— 1.-B. M. Harleian Lib. No. 1810. Greek Gospels. Eleventh century.

2-B. M. Nero. c. iv. Latin Psaltery, twelfth century, 3.-B. M. Arundel Lib. 157. Psalterium. Thirteenth century.

4—B. M. 21. 926. Thirteenth century. A Latin Psaltery, which belonged formerly to J. de Grandison, Bishop of Exeter.

5.-B. M. Harleian. 1527. Novum Testamentum figuris depictis illustratum. This MS. contains twenty-seven pictures of baptism by immersion, and is of the thirteenth century. This illustrated New Testament is divided in four parts, viz., the Gospels as an Harmony, the Acts of the Apostles, the Epistles, and the Apocalypse. This book seems to have been made in France about six hundred years ago, and is painted and gilded after the best manner used in that time. It was formerly, without doubt, a part of that splendidly illustrated Bible Manuscript which was given to the Bodleian Library by Sir Christopher Heydon.

6.-B. M. Harleian. 2928. Liber Diurnus. Sermo in lingua Romantica. Baptism of Christ. Anno mcxxxv. 7.-B. M. 18,719. Historia Veteris ac Novi Testamenti, figuris illustrata. Thirteenth century. This illustrated Bible contains seventy-nine miniatures of baptism.

8.-B. M. Cotton Lib. Caligula. A. vii. Harmony of the Gospels. A poem in Anglo-Saxon. Baptism of Christ on p. 8 (Fig. 13). Probably of the year 1150, or rather later.

In the valuable library of the Duke of Devonshire, there is a manuscript of the tenth century, which con

tains a picture of the baptism of Christ by immersion. This MS. is a folio on vellum, measuring eleven inches and a half by eight and a half, and is composed of one hundred and nineteen leaves, of a thick and soft quality, in extraordinary preservation. This book is illuminated with thirty different miniatures, all of which are reproduced in the Dissertation on St. Ethelwold's Benedic

tional, communicated by John Gage, Esq., F.R.S., in a letter to the Right Honourable George, Earl of Aberdeen, President of the Society of Antiquaries in London. (See Archælogia, vol. xxiv. pp. 1-117.) The baptism of Christ is represented on the 60th page of this volume. In this miniature the figure of the Jordan is classically symbo