Von

from beds and lodes by the irregularity of their form; from impregnations by their definite limits. Cotta, 81.

Selvage. A lining; a gouge; a thin band of clay often found in the vein, upon the wall.

Set. Portion of ground taken by a tributer.

Shaft. A pit sunk from the surface; an opening more or less perpendicular sunk on, or sunk to reach, the vein.

Shift. A miner's turn or spell of work.

Webster. Two shifts imply 16 to 20 hours work; three shifts imply 24 hours work.

Sill. A windlass frame.

Silver. A metallic element; the whitest of the metals; Sp. gr., 10.53; fusing point, 1873 degrees; symbol, Ag; At. wt., 108. One oz. pure silver coined in U. S. dollars is worth $1.2929, gold.

Silver Glance. An ore; when pure contains 87 per cent. silver and 13 per cent. sulphur.

Skip. A square hoisting bucket running on guides, or in grooves.

Slickensides. Smooth, polished portions of the wall or of some vertical plane in the lode, caused by friction. It may occur on the ore itself. German.

Slide. One kind of fault-the vertical dislocation of a lode.

Slide. The mass of loose rock overlying either lode or country.

Slope. An opening driven upon the inclination of the vein.

Sluice. A series of boxes set in line and floored with riffle blocks to catch the gold in a placer mine.

In

Smelting. The reduction of metals from their ores in furnaces. It is a form of the word melt. smelting the ore is melted. In other processes it is roasted. Matte Smelting. A process of smelting

where the values in the ores are collected in an iron and copper sulphide (regulus) technically called 66 matte. When iron and copper pyrites are added to the charge for their fuel value as well as their matte-forming properties, the process is called "pyritic smelting. Franklin R. Carpenter, Ph. D.

Sole. The floor of a horizontal working.

Sollar. Any platform or wooden floor or covering in a working. Corn.

Sough. A drain. Eng.

Spar. A general term applied to rock with distinct cleavage and lustre.

Spiling. Timbering used in quicksand or loose ground where lathes are driven behind timbers and kept flush with the heading.

Spur. A branch or off-shoot from a larger vein. Stamps. Machine for crushing ores by vertical stroke.

Stope. The working above or below a level where the mass of the ore body is broken.

Corn.

Stoping. The act of breaking the ore above or below a level; when done from the back of the drift it is called overhand or back stoping; when from the sole it is underhand stoping.

Stratum. A bed of rock or earth of any kind. Dana. The plural is strata.

Strike. The extension of a lode or deposit on a horizontal line. Von Cotta, 19. Synonymous with trend and course.

Stulls. Cross timbers at the foot of a stope.

Sublimation Theory. That which refers the filling of fissures to material deposited from ascending steam, or by condensation from a gaseous condition. Sulphide. The chemical union of sulphur with a metal.

Sulphuret. A sulphide. Sulphide is the more recent and approved term.

Sump. The extension of a shaft, forming a pit for the collection of water. Corn.

Sylvanite. A gold-silver-tellurium combination. Pure steel gray to silver white, inclining to pale yellow. Gold, 24.5; silver, 13.4; tellurium, 62.1. Usually in fine grains or crystals. A. B. Frenzel.

Syndicate. An association or council of persons; in use since the civil war to designate any combination formed to carry out a large financial enterprise. Tackle. The windlass, rope and bucket. Corn.

Tailings. The refuse discharged from the tail or lower end of a sluice, or washed from any sort of placer working.

Tellurium. A silver white, brittle substance, generally classed among metals; usually combined with gold, silver, lead and copper. Sp. gr. 6.65. At. wt. 128. Symbol Te.

Tin. A soft, malleable, white metal. Sp. gr. 7.2. Fusing point 442 deg. Fahr. At. wt. 117.7. Symbol Sn.

Tributers. Miners who work a set, or piece of ground, taking the proceeds as wages, after royalty deducted, but who work under direction of the owners and hold no possession or title as lessees.

Trouble. A fault.

Tundra. The moss, or scrub-covered, regions of the Arctic.

Tunnel. A horizontal excavation starting at the surface and driven across the country for the discovery or working of a lode or lodes.

Tut Work. Work paid for by the foot as distinguished from tribute work.

2

Upcast. A ventilating shaft where the air ascends. Uranium. Found as oxide, U2 O3. Bright lemon yellow. Requires elaborate test. Frequently associated with Vanadium and then called "Carnotite." Valuable. A. B. Frenzel.

2

Vanadium. Found as oxide, V. O.. Frequently associated with Uranium. In Jurassic sandstone, dark green when wet, without streak. Beautiful blue developes whan boiled in dilute nitric acid. Valuable. A. B. Frenzel.

Veins. Aggregations of mineral matter in fissures of rocks. Von Cotta, 26; Bainbridge, 2. The word vein has a broader scope than lode, including nonmetallic beds. See p. 136. It is also applied, in working, to smaller seams threading the greater deposit. See Vena and Veta.

Vena. A small vein or the branches of the veta, or main vein. Span.

Veta. A main vein. Span.

Vug. A cavity in the ore or rock.

Wall. The plane of the country where it touches the side of the vein, when used in reference to lodes. The side of a level or drift, when used with reference to the workings. See p. 159.

Wheal. A pit or hole in the ground. A mine. The names of most mines in Cornwall are preceded by the word Wheal. Old form Huel.

Corn.

Whim. A machine for raising the bucket by means of a revolving drum.

Whip. An apparatus for raising the bucket with rope and pulleys, by horse power on a straight drive. Winze. A shaft sunk from a level; not necessarily connecting two levels.

Zink. A metallic element; bluish white; fusing point 773 deg. Fahr.; generally found as a sulphide (blende) or as a carbonate (calamine). At. wt. 65.2; Sp. Gr. 8.9. Symbol Zn.

INDEX.

Abandonment, Page 77.
Of possessory claim, 12.
Conditional, 78.
Relocation after, 101.
Of tunnel, 212.
Pleading, 79, 92.

Abstract of Title-

In examining Title, 249.
On Application for Patent, 374.
On Adverse Claim, 411.

Accidents, 295.

Acknowledgment, 226.

By Individual, 221.
By wife, 226.

By Corporation, 227, 275.

By Attorney in Fact, 227.

To Contracts, 232.

To Articles of Incorporation, 264.

Acreage

Of Lode Claim, 388.

Of Placer, 185.

Government Price, 387.

Acts of Congress: See Statutes.
Adverse Claim, 408-427. See Forms.
By Known Lode, 188.

By Mill Site, 199.

By Tunnel Site, 212.

Ejectment, supporting, 286.

By whom Verified, 412.
By Co-owner, 413.

Amendment of, 415.