any difference of opinion exists among Theologians, for one man begs the question one way, and another another. A Theological scholar may not be a Theologian, yet no Germans have surpassed or even approached the logical talent of Wheeler, the penetration of Paley, or the judgment of Hooker. Our countrymen have attended to things, not to words; they have been philosophers and logicians; the Germans have been schoolmasters and lexicographers. The collections of the latter are mere matters of labour; and such men, even the famous Wetstein, may greatly mislead for nothing can be more erroneous than his interpretation of μera diwyμwv (Mark x. 30), and the best interpretation certainly is, that in which Mr. Bloomfield finally acquiesces (ii. 89), etiam in mediis persecutionibus et calamitatibus, for that interpretation accords with 2 Cor. vii. 4, and James i. 2.

We have said this, because we consider the study of the sense and meaning of Scripture to be far preferable to that of the language; for our author justly says,

"Whenever we can be enabled by examining the context, and comparing the parallel passages of the other Evangelists, to come at the probable sense, we must not be moved by petty objections on the score of grammatical propriety." P. 89.

The study of the language may, however, be highly auxiliary; and in some places indispensable.

There is an infinity of profane Greek learning in this work, and we cannot forbear giving the following specimen, because it elucidates an Archæological

matter:

"Much has been said of Gothic roofs having been formed in imitation of places of Druidical and other divine worship, in the woods over-arched by branches of trees. This is confirmed by Pausan. 10, 5. 5, who, speaking of the first temple of Delphi, says, that it was only a Chapel made of the branches of laurel growing near the Temple. I should rather conjecture, that it was constructed after the manner of the early Gothic Temples; the walls being formed by the trunks of trees, and the roof by the branches carefully drawn over and made to meet. There are traces of this also in a very ancient Egyptian building described by Herodotus, 2, 170, παστας λίθινη μεγάλη, και ησκημενη στυλοισι φοινικας τα δένδρεα

nevoio, evidently in imitation of the above very ancient temples of trees. Herodot. 5. 119, 9. es Alos Erpatiou ¡epor mɛya ṛe

So we may

και αγιον άλσος πλατανιστών. understand the worship of the Groves in the Old Testament." Vol. ii. p. 109.

To a book containing such a library of learning, we cannot do justice in a limited review. We hope that the author will send a copy of his work to every Bishop on the Bench, and see his expectations and hopes realized, as expressed in p. xx. Pref. We will not distrust-but POOR FORGOTTEN LEARNING! Fanatics have got the upper hand, and formed the taste of the lower orders,-of many who ought to know better,-for nothing but frothy declamation; every day, trash is published and preached! The time was, when Voltaire said, "If Cromwell were now living, and should say, 'We must seek the Lord, we must fight the Lord's battles,' if, to the disgrace of human reason, he should introduce this Jewish jargon into the parliament of Great Britain, he would be thought more fit for the society of Bedlam, than the command of an army" (we quote our vol. XLII. 632). We are more than alarmed for the reason of our own age, through the advancement of low vulgar taste. The popularity of enthusiasts has introduced a necessity for counteracting them by similar weapons, but the consequence is bad; for sound theology, useful learning, and high reason, are neither understood nor desired by the vulgar. They are gratified only by dramatic excitement in their own way; and this has given birth to a strange jargon, which is a dialect of trade *. We see no enthusiasm whatever in the language and style of the Gospel. It has a sublime, but it is that which is derived from the angelic character of its blessed Founder and his Holy Apostles. The inspiring and actuating spirit of God seems to have utterly deprived them of every degrading feature of human passion. Nothing of man is visible in them, but their persons. Purity, benevolence, and mind, which holiness of their divine dispositions has no idea out of heaven†, denote the and actions. Such, we think, are the

A phraseology made up of Scripture texts and unmeaning words.

+ Oh! Death, where is thy sting [i. e. where is thy power of making us unhappy with fear of dying?] Oh! Grave, where is thy victory [i. e. can you prevent our rising again?] This apostrophe is the true sublime.

at:

Of

real pattern characters for lovers of Es i God to imitate; and considering as we do, that quackery in medicine, and enthusiasm in religion, are things alike in character, and equally pernicious in operation, because sound theology produces sound legislation and sound nd ethics, and sound sense, we heartily pray for the dissemination of theological science. To the production of this salutary object, the CAPITAL WORK tt now before us may, under circumstances, be highly favourable, and we join, on our knees, in the prayer of our learned author, that

WE greatly object to topographical works being made pegs and nails whereon to suspend peculiar religious opinions ; and we are utterly astonished that a clergyman of the Church of England should hold up the ejected ministers of the Nonconformists' Memorial, as Saints and Apostles, without taking the smallest notice of the expelled persons in Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy, where saintly stratagems for popularity are properly exposed; and that, by adopting and eulogizing unphilosophical and Calvinistical views of Religion, and copying and approving the jargon adopted by particular religionists, he should not see that he is treacherous to the interests of that Episcopal Church, of which he is an ordained Minister. Archbishop Sharpe lays it down as a rule, that for Dissenters in their civil capacity the Clergy are to have all Christian and fraternal feelings; but, that upon all points connected with doctrine, they are to keep themselves aloof and distinct, because they are not to compro

If so, we shall have Roman Catholic, Church of England, and Sectarian local histories, all varying like the dialects of a language.-REV.

mise their own Church. No less than seventy pages (600 to 670) are here given to one Benjamin Robinson and others, who are lauded to the skies, in biblical phraseology strangely profaned. Again, in an account of the Unitarian Chapel (p. 400), not one syllable is uttered in reprobation of doctrines which, in our judgment, rase up the very foundations of Christianity: but under the Assembly Room (page 512), dancing is proscribed; and as to the Theatre, Tragedy is mostly profane and blasphemous; and Comedy full of ribaldry, &c. (ibid.) Now we beg to observe, that families of the most correct habits do go to assemblies and theatres, and have not nor are likely to become vicious for so doing; and that such families would shrink with horror. from the statements given in p. 440; viz. that the. Unitarian faith consists in irreconcileable opposition to the doctrine of a Trinity of persons in the Godhead, to the Deity of Christ, and to the personality of the Holy Spirit; and that it allows no credit to the doctrine of original sin; to the vicarious sacrifice of Christ; to the saving influence of faith; and eternal punishment hereafter.

This poison (as we Christians deem it) is, however, disseminated by a Church of England divine, together with all the other peculiarities of certain sects, without the smallest note or comment, or exposure of heresy, or even sense of their demoralizing tendency.

We are therefore disgusted; for surely Topography was never intended to be the Jesuitical instrument of a College de propagandâ fide.-As to the contents of the work, it gives us copies of original documents and deeds of high value, but there are few or no curious facts. This may not be the fault of the author; except so far as he may not have resorted to those instructive documents the Churchwardens' accounts, if any exist.

In p. 110, is the following extract from a Diary well worthy the attention of medical men :

"It was observed that the plague [that of 1665] never entered the premises, of a tobacconist, a tanner, or a shoemaker." Snuff, we believe, is now taken by

Should it not be un-faith?-REV.

"The proposition was then of course made to the younger, John, who accepted it with an avidity that seemed to tell the Court he would hang half the creation, and even his judges, rather than be a sufferer himself. He performed the fatal work without remorse upon his father and brother, and acquitted himself with such dexterity, that he was appointed to the office of hangman in Derby and two or three neighbouring counties, and continued it to extreme old age. So void of feeling for distress, he rejoiced at a murder, because it brought the prospect of a guiuea. Perhaps he was the only man in court who could hear with pleasure the sentence of death. The bodies of the executed were his perquisite: signs of life have been known to return after execution, in which case he prevented the growing existence by violence." pp. 170, 171.

There are wood-cuts of the churches, meeting-houses, public buildings, &c. in general, satisfactorily executed.

(Continued from page 42.) ART. VII. Extract from the "Liber Memorandorum Camerariorum Receptæ Scaccarii," concerning Jewels pledged in the 17th of Henry VI. to Cardinal Beaufort, by John Caley, esq. F.R.S. and S.A.

No fact is better established, than that loans were conducted in these

times upon the humble principle of pawning. Instances abound, and Mr. Nicolas's Testamenta Vetusta renders it unnecessary to quote other authorities. The idea of exposure has rendered it mean; but (whatever may be said to the contrary) our ancestors were in many instances far wiser than ourselves, for of two evils it is certainly the least, to have a temporary accommodation by depositing chattels, than by encumbering estates. That the Bishops were the great monied men of the day is also well known. Some remarks upon this head may be seen in Toulmin's Taunton.

ART. VIII. Antiquities found at Hamden Hill, with fragments of British chariots. By Sir Rich. Colt Hoare, bart.

The Romans appear to have thrown up works within some very extensive entrenchments of the Britons. Here are low stones fixed in the ground at certain intervals, and perforated, supposed to have originally served as picquets for the Roman cavalry; and some years ago there were stone cisterns found, at which it is presumed the horses were watered. In a chink at a quarry, were deposited many human bones, sculls, lance and spear-heads, together with many fragments of chariot-wheels, thought by Sir Richard to have appertained to the war cars of the Britons. He presumes that a great battle had been fought at this place. The wheel is but 30 inches diameter, and the rim only two inches thick; the spokes in number 12, 5 inches apart. The Rev. Mr. Stillingfleet of Yorkshire has (we are informed) discovered a perfect British chariot, and had a model taken from it. We shall suspend our opinion, till we have seen of procuring one. a drawing of it. We entertain hopes In Plate V. is a

very complete specimen of a rude bit of the snaffle construction. The uncertain things in Plate VI. much resemble bosses of shields; but might also be annexations to the end of the axle, like our modern brass boxes.

ART. IX. Poem, entitled the "Siege of Rouen," written in the reign of Henry V. By the Rev. J. J. Conybeare, late Professor of Poetry at Oxford.

This is an excellent illustration of the ancient modes of defending and besieging towns.

The defence consisted in levelling all the suburbs,-in deep ditches, with trenches of deep descent to cover the ditches; the ditches themselves being full of pitfalls and caltraps.

"And wythyn the towne afore the walle, Cowntyrmyrgde hyt was wythalle Wythe erthe, also thycke and also brode As a carte mygt go there one wyth a lode. poynt they ordeyned in here werre Ffor the gunnys scholde do him no derre."

That