METEOROLOGICAL DIARY, BY W. CARY, STRAND, Fahrenheit's Therm. 29, 85 rain Oct. 64 60 30, 07 cloudy 12 60 63 60 10 cloudy 29, 86 cloudy [w.t. 64 clo., h. sh. 26 60 27 28 29 66 59 65 61 66 60 60 ,98 fair 56 30, 14 fine 13. 60 60 50 ? 57 18 cloudy 30 66 29, 80 showers 2 48 95 fair 4 50 ,77 cloudy 88 fair 30, 00 cloudy 38 52 46 48 58 56 29, 99 fair 58 60 55 29, 88 rain 90 clo., h. sh. 60 54 88 fair 69 rain 30 31 pm. 1618 pm. 18 20 pm. 31 32 pm. 1718 pm. 19 20 pm. 31 32 pm.18 17 pm. 19 20 pm. 3231 pm. 1718 pm. 18 19 pm. 33 pm. 1718 pm. 18 20 pm. 32 33 pm. 18 19 pm. 19 20 pm. 243 32 33 pm: 18 19 pm. 19 20 pm. 24433 34 pm. 19 21 pm. 19 21 pm. 243 34 35 pm. 2021 pm. 20 21 pm. 35 36 pm. 21 23 pm. 21 23 pm. 37 36 pm: 22 23 pm. 22.23 pm. 38 40 pm. 24 26 pm. 24 27 pm. 38 41 pm:25 26 pm. 25 26 pm. 884 87497호 96 19 246 23 202 807 812 24 203 80 89 26/201803 1 89 87978 96 194 8797962 19 245 41 42 pm. 25 26 pm. 25 26 pm. South Sea Stock, Sept. 27, 87%. Oct. 13, 88%.-New South Sea Ann. Oct. 17, 80%. Old South Sea Ann. Oct. 25, 80%. RICHARDSON, GOODLUCK, and Co. 104, Corner of Bank-buildings, Cornhill. JOHN NICHOLS AND SON, 25, PARLIAMENT STREET. GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE. London Gazette Blackburn---Bolton 2 Gloucest. 2--Hants 2 Hereford 2--Hull 3 Hunts 2...Ipswich Kent 4..Lancaster Leeds 4..Leicester 2 Lichfield Liverpool6 Macclesfi.Maidst. Manchester 7 Newcastle on Tyne 3 Norfolk..Norwich N.Wales Northamp Holy Sepulchre in Kingsland Church.......396 ........403 Salisbury..Sheffield 3 Sherborne...Stafford Staffordsh Potteries? Stamford2.Stockport Southampton Taunton...Tyne Wakefield..Warwick West Briton (Truro) Whitehaven..Winds Review of New Publications. Miles on the Deverell Barrow.. Bibliotheca Gloucestrensis... Britton's Architectural Antiquities. Rouquet on Calvanism.. Cradock's Literary Memoirs. Dagley's Death's Doings. 421 .423 426 430 Owen's and Blakeway's Hist. of Shrewsbury 431 History of the Family of Bland Mason on Death, by Dr. Evans .435 .438 439 .440 ..443 Nichols's Progresses of King James I. SELECT POETRY .449 .451 Historical Chronicle. Embellished with Views of KINGSLAND CHURCH, co. Hereford; By SYLVANUS URBAN, GENT. Printed by JOHN NICHOLS and SON, CICERO'S HEAD, 25, Parliament Street, Westminster; where all Letters to the Editor are requested to be sent, POST-PAID. MINOR CORRESPONDENCE. EXONIENSIS observes, "From the perseverance with which your Correspondent, Col. Macdonald (Part I. p. 212), maintains that by the term " VOID," in Genesis, is meant the vacuity of the globe we inhabit; one is led to infer that a TRUTH was declared by Moses, the discovery of which was reserved for your Correspondent nearly six thousand years afterwards; whilst an ERROR existed with regard to the immobility of the earth, until detected and exposed by Copernicus and Sir Isaac Newton. This is surely a two-fold paradox! Truth and Error intimately combined and blended together!But why must the Jewish Historian be laid on the bed of Procrustes, in order to suit the crude hypothesis of modern philosophers? Is it not sufficient that Moses gave his account of the Creation, according to the received opinions then entertained, without being made answerable for the ERRORS which have since, by the aid of superior knowledge and science, been discovered and rectified? Is not this, in effect, to subject that writer to a test, from which the historians of all other nations are exempt? In candour, therefore, let us on the one hand consider the Jewish Legislature as giving the best description of the Creation in his power; and on the other, let us be thankful for the additional light which have been imparted to us, by the Supreme Being, through other mediums. As to the "VOID which Col. Macdonald has chosen to be so pertinacious about, it is of much less practical consequence, whether the earth be hollow, than the establishment of the solar system by Copernicus, although the former hypothesis may be consistent with, and the latter contrary to the Mosaic Theory of the Universe." X. Z. says, "Much has been lately said and written respecting the "Apocrypha" in the Old Testament; which induces to my mind the following question. If the Scriptures are written by the immediate inspiration of the Supreme Being, ought they not to contain such self-evident proofs of this Inspiration, as not to allow the admission of any doubt whatever, as to what is real, and what is merely Apocryphical? Has the Book of Esther (for example) any better claim to Divine Inspiration than the Books of Esdras? N. N. R. asks, "Whence is derived the word Easter? All writers ascribe to the word a Saxon origin; Cleland derives it from east to eat; because of eating animal food after lent: others contend that this feast is so called from east, oriens, the rising, in commemoration of the rising of our Saviour from the dead: and others again derive it from Eastré, a Saxon Goddess, whose feast occurred about the month of April. The two first derivations are far-fetched and improbable, and the latter only removes the difficulty a step, for why is the Saxon Goddess called Eastré? is not the true derivation to be found in the state of the weather, which generally accompanies the full moon of the vernal equinox, viz. Easterly winds? I have now, for twenty years, observed the weather at Easter, and I have generally, if not always, found dry easterly winds prevailing about that time-a kind of regular easterly monsoon. Our ancestors, and I include in this denomination all the Northern nations, were exceedingly observant of the weather, and particularly grateful for the dry easterly winds which generally came about seed-time, and which they would therefore incline to note by a special denomination. It is observable that the Southern languages all designate this feast from the Passover or Pascha; the Northerns, on the contrary, adhere to the ancient Saxon name, which I can hardly doubt is derived from east; and I see no better and certainly no simpler reason which can be given for their referring to this point of the compass, than the peculiar state of the weather which generally accompanies this period." Now "What does Milton (writes C. K.) mean by Eglantine? Johnson's Dictionary explains eglantine to be sweet briar.' Milton evidently makes a distinction between eglantine and sweet briar; Through the sweet briar, or the vine, Or the twisted eglantine." We refer our Correspondent to the Glossary of Mr. Archdeacon Nares, who says; "Eglantine has sometimes been erroneously taken probable that Milton so understood it, by for the honeysuckle, and it seems more than his calling it twisted. If not, he must have meant the wild rose." A Correspondent wishes to be informed whether there remain any descendants of by the parish register of Broadwater, in John Alford, Esq. of Offington. It appears in 1680, and John in 1682. Did either of Sussex, that he had two sons, Edward born these leave issue? ERRATA. P 112, a. 44, for twenty-nine, read fifty-eight; 122, a. 17, from bottom, for sit, read act; 193, b. 14. read altitude; 124. a. 38, for 16° 57', read 16' 57"; 126, a. 31 and 35, for johu read tohu; 209, a. 11, read Sir Edmond Anderson; 285, a. 7 from bottom, dele the words "2d and."---Lady Calling Smith was daughter of the 1st and only Lord Eardley: 305. b. l. 28. for biographer read topographer; 307, 1. 2 from bottom, for ablutions read ebalitions; 308, a. l. 37, and b. 1. 4, read St. Eval. The prices of Hops, as quoted in Oct. p. 382. were those of Sept. 21, and not Oct. 21. AS many of your readers are, like my tune, of whom Chaucer observes almost in the very words of Guillaume, * When that a wight is from her whele ythrowe, Than laugheth she, and maketh him the mowe, has deserted only to deride him. As the articles enumerated in the poem are in no particular order, I will first collect together those of a similar nature, and then notice the more miscellaneous ones. Of fish, white meats, and condiments, he specifies, fresh and powdered, or salted herrings; whitings Champaigne and Brie cheeses, still, I believe, celebrated in France; fresh butter; eggs; milk; nut-oil; different vinegars; vinegar mixed with mustard; verjuice; pepper; anise, used for seasoning cake or bread. self, fond of investigating the habits and usages of former times, not only those which more particularly partake of a public and general nature, but also those which relate to the private economy, the food, the clothing, and the every-day mode of life of our ancestors to such I may be allowed to hope, the following notice of some of the principal "Cries" in the streets of Paris, in the 13th century, will not prove uninteresting. Had they been of London instead of its rival capital, they would have possessed for us a far greater degree of value, and would long ago have received a full illustration from some one of the eminent antiquaries, whose names are so thickly scattered over the volumes of your well-known Miscellany. Still they Of vegetables-turnips; leeks; water have many claims to our attention as cresses; fresh lettuce, garlic, onions, Englishmen; for no one acquainted peas in the husk; new beans; cherwith our early domestic history can be vell; mushrooms; chives; hot mashed ignorant of the great similarity between peas and hot beans; pounded wheat the customs of the two nations,- -ex-gruel; and furmenty (forment). amples demonstrative of which are continually recurring in the phrases and words of our more ancient writers. This piece, containing the above "Cries," is published in Meon's Edition of Barbazan Fabliaux, and consists of near two hundred lines, composed in the latter half of the 13th century, by one Guillaume de la Villeneuve. The subject, as is immediately perceived, is not one propitious to the graces of poetry, but the curious details, however, afford far more satisfaction than many of the more polished but exceptionable compositions in the same collection. Add to this, the author, from his own confession, is weighed down by that night-mare of genius, poverty, which forces him to compose this "Dit." So oppressed is he, that he knows not where to turn, or what to do; the fickle goddess For ; The last of these was not exactly what we understand by furmenty, which in former days (and I believe in some parts of the country is still) was a portion of wheat grains, softened and boiled with milk, spices, sugar, raisins, &c.; but the wheat dried, cleansed, and broken into coarse grits, was used for thickening soups or porridge. The Gruel was barley, pilled, and in the state we now use it for culinary purposes. Grudum in Low Latin, and gru in Romane French, is the appellation for barley, and hence is derived the name given to the prepared grain as above. The same term was also sometimes applied to a like preparation of oats, and is familiar to our language in gruel," a sort of thin porridge made of oatmeal. *Fortune m'a mis en sa roë, 1 Of fruits-peaches, apples, cherries; pears of Hastiveau and Chaillou, the latter a famous species, noticed in the Roman de la Rose, and doubtless is the fruit intended by Chaucer, although the corrupted expression Caleweis is in the text of his translation; lote berries, the fruit of the lotus rhamnus; sloes, still gathered by our country people, and stewed with sugar; hips of the wild rose, which I have often, when a school-boy, devoured with no little gusto; medlars; sorbapples, in France, considered not inferior, when properly ripe, to the medlar; nuts; chesnuts of Lombardy; figs from Malta; foreign raisins; and jorroises, which Cotgrave explains a horse plum, and the writer of the short notes appended to the poem, a long red fruit, very sour, and no more known in Paris. Du Cange has jarrossia, which however is only a sort of vetch. In confectionery, or rather what the French call pâtisseries; pasties, tarts, cakes, wafers, galettes, all hot; roinssoles; cakes called gastiaus rastis; hot flauns; wafers named renforcies; simnels, and cakes with the bean. Of these the galette was a sort of "wreathed cake," or crumpet; the roinssole, in modern French rissole, a small delicate patty of minced meat, and semicircular in form; it appears to have been a favourite dish, and Le Grand d'Aussy mentions several old statutes, ordaining the various kinds of meat to be used. The gastiaus rastis were perhaps the same as described by Cotgrave under rastou, as a round and high tart, made of butter, cheese, and eggs. The flaun, frequently met with in our writers of the 16th and 17th century, was a sort of delicate custard, or mixture of cream with bottom and sides of paste. The wafer, by far the greatest favourite of the French, and common over Europe, was probably of Grecian or Roman origin, and was early known in the middle ages by the name oblatæ, the term given to the holy cakes used in the Eucharist. Hence the French oublie, which in that language, as well as wafer in our own, denotes both the consecrated and the common cake. In form it was round and thin, and baked, as the eucharistal one, between two flat hot irons, shutting together by a pivot, and ornamented inside, so as to leave the impression on the cake. The sellers of oublies, or waferers, were early formed into a society, for the regulation of which statutes were repeatedly made. Their business was most extensive. In 1406 it was decreed that no one should exercise the trade who could not make 500 daily, besides as many smaller cakes. They perambulated the streets in the evening, and were frequently the victims of the pranks and brutality of the rakes of the day. Guillaume notices this, and says you may hear them cry out, "I am undone," " help for God's sake," ""I am murdered." From their numbers, however, and other causes, they gradually became a nuisance. Designing persons, thieves, and villains, took up the occupation as a cloak for dishonest practices, robbery, intrigue, &c. They were accordingly abolished by law in 1725. The suspicious character of the venders of wafers, both male and female, is often alluded to by our early poets. Chaucer, Thus in Singers with harpes, baudes, wafereres," and by the author of Piers Plowman, a "wafrestre" is placed in company with a kittepors," and an apewarde." 66 Beaumont and Fletcher notice their turn for intrigue, for which the universal fondness for the cake afforded them ample opportunity. "Twas no set meeting Certainly, for there was no wafer-woman with her, These three days, on my knowledge. Woman Hater, ii. 1. The oublies renforcies are supposed to have been the same as the gauffre, a delicacy baked in irons like the wafer, but partaking more of the consistency of a thick pancake. I know not whether it is common in this country, but in America I believe it is, where it goes by the name of waffle, from the Dutch waefel, a wafer, flat cake, &c. The simnels were either rolls or small loaves of the finest flour; or else cakes of the same flour, but seasoned and sweetened. Of the first kind were those probably mentioned by Holinshed, as forming part of the livery to the King of Scots, when on a visit to Richard I. in 1194. "Twelve manchet wastels, twelve manchet simnels.” This is the Panis de Simenel of Du Cange. Of the second was the cake, I'le to thee a simnell bring, 2 |