a new edition of Longus's romance, Bernard read the proofs, and introduced some important corrections of the text. As he did not put his name to this edition, Messrs. Boden, Dutens, and Villoison, who were also editors of Longus after him, knew no other way of referring to him than as the "Paris editor," being deceived by Neaulme's dating the work from Paris, instead of Amsterdam, where it was printed. In 1757, he superintended an edition of Thomas Magister, but his professional engagements not allowing him sufficient leisure, the preface was written by Oudendorp. From this time, Bernard having ceased to write, and having retired to Arnheim, was completely forgot until, says the editor of the Biog. Universelle, his death was announced by Saxius in 1790; but this seems a mistake. Saxius gives an account of him, as of some other living authors, but leaves his death blank. Bernard, however, to contradict such a rumour, or, as his biographer expresses himself, in order to "show some signs of life," published a Greek fragment on the dropsy. It was his purpose next to publish Theophilus Nonnus, "De curatione morborum." This work, on, which he had bestowed the labour of many years, and which is one of his best editions, was published at Gotha in 1794, a year after his death. A short time before this event, he sent to the society of arts and sciences at Utrecht, remarks on some Greek authors, which appeared in the first volume of the "Acta Litteraria" of that society. In 1795, Dr. Gruner published various letters and pieces of criticism, which Bernard, who was his intimate friend, had sent to him, under the title of "Bernardi Reliquiæ medico-critica." Several very learned and curious letters from Bernard were also published in Reiske's Memoirs, Leipsic, 1783.'

BERNARD (JOHN FREDERIC), an industrious and learned bookseller of Amsterdam, distinguished himself about the beginning of the last century, both as author and editor of various works of considerable importance. He wrote rather learnedly than elegantly, yet with so much impartiality and candour, that he had many readers. The following list has been given of the principal works of which he was editor: 1. "Recueil de voyages au Nord, contenant divers memoires tres-utiles au commerce et a la navigation," Amst. 1715-38, 10 vols. 12mo. To these he

1 Biog. Universelle.-Saxii Onomasticon.

wrote the preliminary dissertation, the two dissertations on the means of useful travel, and the account of Great Tartary. 2. "Memoires du comte de Brienne, ministre d'etat sous Louis XIV. avec des notes," ibid. 1719, 3 vols. 12mo. 3. "Picart's Religious Ceremonies," ibid. 1723-43, 9 vols. fol. 4. "Superstitions anciennes et modernes," 1733-36, 2 vols. fol. The second Amsterdam edition of these two works was printed in 1739-43, 11 vols. folio; and in 1741 the abbes Banier and le Mascrier published another edition at Paris, 7 vols. folio, with Picart's designs, but the articles differently arranged; and M. Poucelin gave afterwards an abridgment, with the same cuts, Paris, 4 vols. fol. Lastly, M. Prudhomme undertook a new edition of the Dutch copy, with many additions respecting the history of religion from the commencement of the eighteenth century, and additional plates to those of Picart, comprised in 13 folio volumes, besides an additional volume of new matter. 5. "Dialogues critiques et philosophiques, par D. Charte-Livry (J. F. Bernard)," ibid. 1730, 12mo. "Reflections morales, satyriques et comiques," Liege, 1733, 12mo. This work has been attributed to D. Durand, but he absolutely denied it, and Desfontaines assures us that it was written by Bernard. 7. "Histoire critique des Journaux, par Camusat," Amst. 1734, 2 vols. 12mo. 8. "Dissertations mêlées sur divers sujets importans et curieux," Amst. 1740, 2 vols. 12mo. Of these two last Bernard is only the editor. 9. An edition of Rabelais, 1741, 3 vols. 4to, with Picart's cuts, a well-known and most beautiful book. Bernard, who flourished as a bookseller of great eminence from the year 1711, died at Amsterdam in 1752.1

6.

BERNARD (NICHOLAS), a learned English divine of the seventeenth century, was educated in the university of Cambridge, where he took the degree of M. A. and was incorporated to the same degree at Oxford, July 15, 1628. He was probably created D. D. of the university of Dublin, but this has not been exactly ascertained. He was ordained by primate Usher, in 1626, in St. Peter's church, Drogheda, while he was only B. A. and made his chaplain, and soon after, by his interest, was promoted to the deanery of Ardagh. His Grace having daily opportunities of taking notice of the learning and judgment of Mr. Bernard,

1 Biog. Universelle.

employed him in making collections for some works he was then meditating, particularly for the antiquities of the British churches; which did not appear till 1639. The primate always expressed great friendship and esteem for him; and upon taking his leave of him at Drogheda in 1640, gave him "A serious preparative against the heavy sorrows and miseries that he should feel before he saw him again, and spoke of them with that confidence, as if they had been within his view." This serious discourse proved in the event to be a prophecy, as will be noticed in the life of that prelate. The year following, Dr. Bernard published a book and a sermon which gave offence. These were entitled, 1. "The penitent death of a woful Sinner; or, the penitent death of John Atherton, late bishop of Waterford in Ireland, who was executed at Dublin the fifth of December, 1640; with some annotations on several passages," London, 1641, 4to; 1642, 8vo. 2. "A sermon preached at the burial of John Atherton, the next night after his execution, in St. John's church, Dublin," Lond. 1641, 4to; 1642, 8vo. Dr. Bernard had the best opportunity in the world of knowing the truth of the fact for which bishop Atherton suffered, having attended him in his exemplary preparation for death, and in his last moments, and he gives us his behaviour and confession fairly and honestly. The cause of offence seems, upon the whole, to have been an opinion that this disgraceful affair had better be buried in oblivion. Archbishop Usher, however, who saw Dr. Bernard's good intentions, did not withdraw from him his favour or countenance. The same year was published a pamphlet of his writing, upon the siege of Drogheda, of which he was an eye-witness. In the summer of 1642, having lost most of his substance, he returned safe to England to attend on the lord primate, and carried with him Usher's valuable library, which was afterwards removed to Ireland, and is now in Trinity-college, Dublin. Upon his arrival in England, he was presented, by the earl of Bridgwater, to the rich rectory of Whitchurch in Shropshire, and after the declension of the royal cause, was made chaplain to the Protector, one of his almoners, and preacher to the society of Gray's inn. Being thus comfortably settled, in 1642 he found leisure, from his pastoral charge, to publish "The whole proceedings of the siege of Drogheda," London and Dublin, 1642, 4to; and Dublin, 1736; and "A Dialogue between Paul and Agrippa," London, 1642, 4to. After

the restoration of king Charles II. in 1660, having no confidence in the settlement of the state of Ireland, he declined returning and taking possession of his deanery, and continued at Whitchurch to his death, which happened in winter, 1661. His other works were, 1. "A farewell sermon of comfort and concord, preached at Drogheda," 1651, 8vo. 2. "The life and death of Dr. James Usher, late archbishop of Armagh, primate and metropolitan of all Ireland, in a sermon preached at his funeral in the abbey of Westminster, on the 17th of April, 1656," London, 1656, 12mo, afterwards enlarged. 3. "The judgment of the late archbishop of Armagh and primate of Ireland; concerning first, the extent of Christ's death and satisfaction; secondly, of the Sabbath, and observation of the Lord's day," &c. London, 1657, 8vo. This treatise was answered by Dr. Peter Heylyn, in a book entitled "Respondet Petrus; or, the answer of Peter Heylyn, D.D. to so much of Dr. Bernard's book entitled The judgment of the late primate of Ireland,' &c. as he is made a party by the said lord primate in the point of the Sabbath," London, 1658, 4to. He also published several letters which passed between him and Dr. Heylyn, -and published and enlarged several posthumous works of Dr. Usher; as, "His judgment on Babylon being the present see of Rome, Rev. xviii. 4, with a sermon of bishop Bedell's upon the same words," London, 1659.-" Devotions of the ancient church, in seven pious prayers," &c. London, 1660, 8vo. Clavi trabales, or nails fastened by some great masters of assemblies, confirming the king's supremacy, the subject's duty, and church government by bishops; being a collection of some pieces written on these subjects by archbishop Usher, Mr. Hooker, bishop Andrews, and Dr. Hadrian Saravia; with a preface by the bishop of Lincoln," London, 1661, 4to.1

BERNARD (PETER JOSEPH), a French poet, was the son of a sculptor at Grenoble in Dauphiné, and born in 1710. Being sent to the college of Jesuits at Lyons, he made rapid progress under able masters, who were desirous of attaching him to their body; but the young scholar, too fond of liberty and pleasure, would not consent to that confinement. Being drawn to Paris by the wish to make a figure in the poetical world, he was obliged to employ himself for two years as clerk to a notary. The light pieces of

1 Biog. Britannica.-Wood's Fasti, vol. I.-Lloyd's Memoirs, fol. 701.

.

poetry he sent abroad at intervals, of which the best are the epistle to Claudine, and the song of the Rose, procured him a patron in the marquis de Pezay, who took him with him to the campaign of Italy. Bernard was at the battles of Parma and Guastalla; and behaved with considerable bravery. Being presented to the marechal de Coigni, who commanded there, he was lucky enough to please him by his wit and agreeable manners. The marechal took him to be his secretary, admitted him to his intimacy, and some time afterwards procured him the place of secretarygeneral of the dragoons. From gratitude he attached himself constantly to this Maecenas, till 1756, when he was deprived of him by death. He was in great request in all the select companies of the court and of Paris; whom he delighted by the brilliant wit, and warmth of his verses and airs, of which some are worthy of Anacreon. In 1771 the sudden loss of his memory put an end to his happiness, and he fell into a state of mental imbecillity. In this condition he went to a revival of his opera of Castor, and was incessantly asking, "Is the king come? Is the king pleased with it? Is madame de Pompadour pleased with it?" thinking he was all the while at Versailles; and rioting in the delirium of a courtly poet. He died in this unhappy state, Nov. 1, 1775. Besides his lighter pieces of poetry, which got him the appellation of le gentil Bernard, several operas added much to his reputation. In 1803 an edition of his works was published in 2 vols. 8vo, and 4 vols. 18mo, comprehending several pieces not before published; but upon the whole, according to the opinion of his countrymen, his talents were not of the first order, and his popularity appears to have been owing more to his gratifying the passions than the taste of his companions and readers.1

BERNARD (RICHARD), an English divine of the seventeenth century, and rector of Batecombe in Somersetshire, was author of "Thesaurus Biblicus," a laborious work formerly much used by way of concordance. He was also author of an "Abstract and Epitome of the Bible." In 1627 he published "A guide to grand jurymen with respect to Witches," the country where he lived being, if we may believe Glanville, formerly much infested with them. He died in 1641, and was succeeded by the famous nonDict. Hist.-Biog. Universelle. H

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