Growing Public: Volume 1, The Story: Social Spending and Economic Growth Since the Eighteenth CenturyCambridge University Press, 12.01.2004 - 377 Seiten Growing Public examines the question of whether social policies that redistribute income impose constraints on economic growth. Taxes and transfers have been debated for centuries, but only now can we get a clear view of the whole evolution of social spending. Lindert argues that, contrary to the intuition of many economists and the ideology of many politicians, social spending has contributed to, rather than inhibited, economic growth. |
Inhalt
Patterns and Puzzles | 3 |
The Road from Home | 4 |
Taxing Spending and Giving in the Late Eighteenth Century | 7 |
The Elderly | 9 |
The Long Rise of Social Spending | 11 |
The Robin Hood Paradox | 15 |
Is the Welfare State a Free Lunch? | 16 |
An Educational Puzzle | 19 |
Analyses of Local Experience with School Choice | 161 |
Deviant California | 162 |
Choice in Higher Education | 164 |
Subsidized School Choice in Other Countries | 165 |
Rewarding Individual Teacher Performance | 168 |
Explaining the Rise of Social Transfers Since 1880 | 171 |
Shared Fears from World Wars and the Great Depression | 176 |
The Role of Political Voice | 179 |
Findings | 20 |
How Social Spending Emerged before World War II | 22 |
Lessons from the Postwar Boom | 26 |
Since 1980 Aging Has Brought New Budget Pressures | 27 |
Unlocking the FreeLunch Puzzle | 29 |
How Welfare States Control the Disincentives | 30 |
A True but Limited Cost | 32 |
Reconciling Europes Unemployment with Its Satisfactory Growth | 33 |
Two CostCutting Principles in Democratic Welfare States | 34 |
I | 37 |
Poor Relief before 1880 | 39 |
How Much Did Europe Give the Poor before 1880? | 40 |
The Amounts of Public Poor Relief to 1880 | 45 |
How Europe Gave Relief and for What | 48 |
The Battle over Putting the Poor to Work | 49 |
Indoor versus Outdoor Relief | 51 |
Administrative Costs | 54 |
Cash versus Aid in Kind | 55 |
Who Received It | 56 |
American Private and Public Relief before the New Deal | 58 |
How Much Public Relief Was Given | 59 |
Private Charity in the United States and the Crowding Out Issue | 60 |
Two Attacks on Outdoor Relief in New York | 65 |
Interpreting the Puzzles of Early Poor Relief | 67 |
The Reform Acts Voice and the Poor | 71 |
The RuralUrban Puzzle | 73 |
Englands Rural Southeastern Bias and the Boyer Model | 75 |
An Extension to Scandinavia | 77 |
The International Stagnation of Relief 18201880 | 80 |
The General Pre1930 Pattern of Votes and Social Spending | 82 |
What Happened to the Race to the Bottom? | 84 |
Political Voice and Poor Relief | 85 |
The Rise of Mass Public Schooling before 1914 | 87 |
Patterns in the Inputs into Mass Schooling | 88 |
Competing Theories | 99 |
Updating the ElitePressure Theories | 100 |
Capitalist Social Control | 101 |
Domineering Government | 102 |
Vested Interests within the Educational Sector | 103 |
The Role of Decentralization | 104 |
Popular Votes Public Schools | 105 |
But What Caused Democracy? | 107 |
Reinterpreting National Histories of Mass Schooling | 110 |
The English Delay | 113 |
Rethinking German Education | 115 |
Decentralized North America | 122 |
Elites Votes and Schools | 126 |
Public Schooling in the Twentieth Century What Happened to US Leadership? | 128 |
Who Are the Leaders? | 129 |
In Learning | 132 |
When Did This Pattern Emerge? | 138 |
In Inputs into Education | 142 |
Teaching Inputs per Student | 143 |
Teachers Pay and Quality | 145 |
Summing Up the United States Symptoms | 150 |
The Underlying Incentive Issues | 153 |
Quantity Incentives versus Quality Incentives | 154 |
Student Accountability | 155 |
Competition among Schools | 157 |
The Long Sweep of US School Choice | 158 |
Votes for Women | 182 |
The Rate of Turnover of the Chief Executive | 183 |
Globalization and Safety Nets | 186 |
Summary | 188 |
II | 191 |
The Public Pension Crisis | 193 |
In an Older World Something Has to Give | 194 |
Pressures in the OECD Countries | 196 |
Who Is Least Prepared? | 198 |
How Will Budgets Be Adjusted? | 200 |
Immigrants and Pensioners | 205 |
Returning to a FullyFunded System Is Unlikely | 207 |
Summary | 208 |
Social Transfers in the Second and Third Worlds | 210 |
The Aging Trend Is Nearly Global | 211 |
Special Pressures in Transition Economies | 212 |
Third World Social Transfers | 218 |
East Asia Is Not So Different | 219 |
A Different Kind of Pension Crisis | 221 |
Global Divergence Convergence and the Robin Hood Paradox | 222 |
III | 225 |
Keys to the FreeLunch Puzzle | 227 |
The Familiar Cautionary Tales Miss the Mark | 228 |
Harold and Phyllis | 229 |
MicroStudies of Labor Supply | 230 |
Simulations | 231 |
Global Growth Econometrics | 233 |
What Better Tests Show | 234 |
ProGrowth and Not So Progressive | 235 |
Recipients Work Incentives | 245 |
Good Riddance to Old Lemons? | 249 |
Does the Dole Also Harvest Lemons? | 252 |
Some Growth Benefits of High Social Transfers | 253 |
Child Care Support and Career Investment in Mothers | 254 |
Public Health Care | 257 |
Why These Keys? | 263 |
On the WellKnown Demise of the Swedish Welfare State | 264 |
Swedens Growth and Social Spending Since 1950 | 267 |
What Went Wrong after the 1970s? | 271 |
Macroeconomic Policy | 272 |
The Demise of Swedish Corporatism | 275 |
What Role for Swedens High Tax Rates? | 277 |
ProGrowth Social Spending | 281 |
Investing in Womens Work and in Child Care | 282 |
Education and Retraining | 288 |
Late Retirement | 289 |
Why No Demise | 291 |
How the Keys Were Made Democracy and Cost Control | 296 |
Democracy Budget Size and Budget Blunders | 297 |
Illustrative TaxTransfer Blunders | 299 |
Dutch Disability Policy | 300 |
The Thatcher Poll Tax of 19891992 | 301 |
On the Tax Side | 302 |
The Expenditure Side | 305 |
Hence No Retreat | 306 |
Notes | 309 |
339 | |
Acknowledgments | 363 |
365 | |
Andere Ausgaben - Alle anzeigen
Growing Public: Volume 1, The Story: Social Spending and Economic Growth ... Peter H. Lindert Eingeschränkte Leseprobe - 2004 |
Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen
adult American average Belgium benefits Britain budget Canada central Chapter charity consumption tax Corn Laws decline democracy Denmark differences economists effect elderly elite England enrollments expenditures extra fifty-five to sixty-four Figure Finland France funding GDP per capita Germany higher incentives income Italy Japan labor supply less Lindert lower marginal tax rates national product Netherlands nineteenth century Norway OECD OECD countries outdoor relief pattern PAYGO percent of GDP percentage political voice Poor Law poor relief population postwar primary schooling Prussia public education public pensions public schooling puzzle raise ranks recipients redistributive Reform relative pay role school choice secondary share of GDP social programs social spending social transfers statistical subsidies support ratio Sweden Swedish Table tax-based taxation taxes and transfers taxpayers test scores twentieth century U.S. Census Bureau United United Kingdom University voters voting wage welfare women workers World