By W. E. A. Axon, Esq.

A quarto volume, containing numerous coloured drawings by native Bengalee artists, representing, with the greatest accuracy, Hindoo costumes, trades, and occupations.

The following paper was read:—

NATHANIEL HEYWOOD, THE NONCONFORMIST VICAR OF ORMSKIRK.

By James Dixon, F.R.Hist. Soc.

THE Only Vicar of Ormskirk, out of a long list, who has attained any bistorical distinction, was the one whose name heads this paper. His life belonged to an important period in the annals of our country. No separate work has given any account of this excellent man, whose name, nevertheless, is not unknown in our northern counties-Lancashire and Yorkshire especially.

Nathaniel Heywood's ministry at Ormskirk affords a melancholy instance of the ill fortune which befel many during the reign of Charles II, in which also his brother Oliver shared. He was born at Little Lever, in the parish of Bolton-le-moors, in this county, A.D. 1632. In 1648 he was admitted at Trinity College, Cambridge. This was an early age, but it affords a proof, if one were wanting, that his education had been carefully attended to. Eight years after, we find him appointed Vicar of Ormskirk, having been for some time a curate at Illingworth, in the parish of Halifax. Here he had somewhat annoyed his hearers, by preaching, as it is sometimes termed, "a little too "plainly." During a controversy which followed this circumstance, as to his remaining at or removing from Illingworth, an earnest request was sent to him by the people of Ormschurch to come among them;" and on this important matter, it is said, " Ministers met relative to this "concern, at Wigan, in Lancashire, in January, 1656,"-Wigan at that time was frequently the place of episcopal visitations-" and upon "a serious view of the reasons on all hands, at last the ministers con"cluded that his way was clear to leave Yorkshire and remove to Ormskirk," which being "a great parish, and a considerable markettown, the people not only being destitute but very importunate, they 'judged that he might do God and His Church more service in that great place." Thither he removed in the spring of the following year, being, as we further read, "received with much respect and great "solemnity."

66

66

66

The Countess of Derby was the patron; and according to a practice still common, she presented the clergyman likely to be acceptable to the parishioners.

The income of the vicarage was small, being only £30 a year, with house and lands described in the register as follows:

A true and perfect terier of all the glebe lands and other possessions belonging to the Parish Church of Ormiskirke, made the 25th August, 1663:

First, an ould Vicaridge house, one bay of barning and a shipon, with a garden and two closses of ground containing by estimation between three and four acres or thereabouts, valued at five or six pounds per annum.

An Estat in Bursco.

Mossland in Lathom.

This small income was supplemented by an exhibition of £50 a year, which had been for some time enjoyed by his predecessors as King's Preachers," for the duty of preaching in any part of Lancashire, in those very poor times, at places in which no adequate ministry was provided. There were four of these preacherships, for which £200 had been granted by Queen Elizabeth. But of the £50 we find that Mr. Heywood was not permitted to remain the undisputed recipient, for his wealthy neighbour, Mr. Stanninghaugh, the Rector of Aughton, with an income of £148 a year, rode to London, and brought influence to bear, so that the annuity of £50 was settled upon himself. Nevertheless, the " poor vicar" of Ormskirk still managed to support his family of nine children in respectability, besides occasionally and to a limited extent, relieving the wants of others.

His subsequent installation (called in Scotland and among English Nonconformists "Ordination") is described as follows in the Life of Oliver Heywood, published at Idle, 1827 :— ·

As to his entrance into the ministry, and his judgments in ecclesiastical points, he was (according to his education) a strict Presbyterian, avoiding both the extremes of prelatical tyranny on the one hand, and congregational democracy on the other. Upon his first settling at Ormskirk, he presently applied himself to the ministers of the class in that division where God had cast his lot; and after probation and approbation of his ministerial abilities, learning, and fitness for the pastoral office at that place, and after the consent of the people had been expressed, he was solemnly set apart by fasting and prayer, and imposition of hands, to the work of the ministry, in a public congregation, to the great satisfaction of all that were concerned. The reverend, grave ministers that laid hands on him, were Mr. Thomas Johnson, of Halsall; Mr. Thompson, of Sefton; Mr. Edward Gee, of Eccleston; Mr. Bell, of Highton (Huyton); all worthy, eminent men; and some others.

The date, August 24th, 1662, afterwards put an end to the labours of this and every other man of the same order in the church, i.e. Presbyterians, who held benefices in the English Church, after displacing the regular Episcopal ministers: yet, though deprived of his benefice by the Act of that day, he continued his public preaching here till the place was filled up by the appointment of his successor. This was John Ashworth, whose ministerial duties for some time consisted mainly of a Sunday visit, as he continued to reside at Great Crosby, where he was master of the "Merchant Taylors' School."

Nathaniel Heywood saw a foreshadowing of the coming evil to the church at Ormskirk in a terrible storm which happened there on July 20th, 1662, and of which he wrote as follows, in a letter to a friend :—

About four o'clock in the afternoon, there was a storm of dreadful thunder aud lightning for a long time together; and in the town of Ormskirk, and about it, fell a great shower of hail in a terrible tempest. Hailstones were as big as ordinary apples, some say nine inches in circumference; one stone that I took up was above four inches, after it had thawed in my hand. The hail broke all our glass windows westward; we have not one square whole at the back of our house, so it is with most of the houses in and about the town; it hath cut off all the ears of our standing corn, so that most fields which were full of excellent barley and other grain, are not worth reaping. It hath shaken the apple-trees, and in some places bruised the apples in pieces: the hail cut boughs from the trees, and some say there have been strange appearances in the air, of which I shall give you a further account. All, especially the ignorant, were much terrified, thinking it to be the day of judgment: certainly it was a sad sign and effect of God's heavy displeasure with us, and I wish it be not a presage of more abiding judgments; they tell me that my small share of loss will amount to £10 at least; in half an hour all this was done. The Lord sanctify this sudden stroke to me and my poor people.†

Mr. Heywood, who was always sickly, had but very indifferent health during all his heavy labours after his ejectment, and was little better than a dying man when liberty was granted him to preach in 1672. This liberty, however, he gladly availed himself of, and had two chapels licensed; one adjoining Bickerstaffe old Hall, where Sir Edward and Lady Stanley then resided,—the other at Scarisbrick: and probably hé took his turn occasionally in preaching in the old Presbyterian chapel at Ormskirk, the remains of which now consist of a portion of a garden wall attached to Chapel House."

Of the character of his people at Ormskirk, as a motive, if needed for his determination to live and die in the place where he believed himself to have been divinely sent, he thus speaks; "I have an "affectionate though poor, a docile though ignorant people; they flock "in very great numbers to the ordinances, and I have hopes of doing some good-it may be already begun-amongst them."

66

In the two places just mentioned he preached on alternate Sundays for the space of two years, when more troubles awaited him. Permission to preach having been withdrawn, while yet he continued the practice, warrants were issued for his apprehension, and he was arrested while in the pulpit at Bickerstaffe Hall chapel, although Lady Stanley.

* Given in the Biography already quoted.

+ According to the custom of the time, this incident in meteorology, which the science of the day could not explain, was at once declared to have a deep spiritual meaning. The fruit trees, the grain, the glass, &c., were therefore all explained spiritually; like Origen's explanation of the Miraculous Draught of Fishes as a miracle-parable, or like some of the more recent explanations of Swedenborg.

M

who was present, did all she could to prevent the officers who were sent on that mission from laying hands upon him. They forcibly took him away, however, and had advanced some distance towards Wigan with him as their prisoner, when a body of friendly people rescued him from their hands; and several persons present entered into a bond for his appearance at the next Wigan sessions, to answer such charges as might then be preferred against him, There he did attend, and through the influence of many friends, with Lady Stanley at their head, who came there to mediate for him, he was again set at liberty. From this time, 1674, to the day of his death, December 16th, 1677, though no longer permitted to preach in public, he still continued, as often as health and other circumstances would permit, to preach and pray from time to time, either at his own home, where little assemblies would often gather round him, or in the houses of christians in other more distant places. His last sermon was in a cottage, I believe on Bickerstaffe Moss, and as this was far removed from any parish church, and it was not till A.D. 1843 that Bickerstaffe had a church and minister of its own, we may aptly term Mr. Nathaniel Heywood the Apostle of Bickerstaffe, as his brother Oliver was in a part of Yorkshire. He was buried on Wednesday, December 18th, 1677, in the Bickerstaffe Chancel at Ormskirk, among the remains of certain of the Stanleys, and was thus honoured in death. The Rev. James Starkey, ejected minister of North Meols, the mother parish of Southport, preached on the occasion, from Colossians iii, 4.

66

In the churchwardens' accounts of Nathaniel Heywood's time, the name of Mr. Starkey is of frequent occurrence, he being often in request when the vicar was absent, most likely when itinerating as King's Preacher;" and to the credit of the wardens, who had then free use of the ratepayers' purses, they did not omit to minister to the good old man's temporal requirements on such occasions, for, "spent on "old parson Starkey," and others, who preacht," is an item often met with.

In the year 1859, the late John Pemberton Heywood, Esq., a lineal descendant of Nathaniel, moved by the then churchwarden, the late Mr. R. Bromley, erected a costly new East window* in the church, in grateful memory of this eminently worthy ancestor, the subject being "Our Lord's Ascension to Heaven." It is the combined work of Mr. Paley, architect, Lancaster, and of Mr. Forrest, glass manufacturer, Liverpool.

Of the Heywood family, Mr. Picton, in his Memorials of Liverpool, observes, that they "come of a sturdy Non-conformist stock." The Puritan tone is to be seen in their selection of Christian names generally from the Bible, and the following short table of descent of the family, from the time of Edward VI, to Arthur Heywood, great grandson of the Vicar of Ormskirk, and founder of " Heywood's Bank" in Liverpool, shows this. The use of Old Testament names, it is well known, is common in most English families of strong religious proclivities, but

*At the foot of the five lights of which it is composed, is the following inscription:"Erected in 1859 by John Pemberton Heywood, in memory of his ancestor, the Rev. "Nathaniel Heywood, Vicar of this Church from A.D. 1656 until he was ejected in 1662. "His remains were interred in the chancel, December 18th, 1677."

here we see them mixed from Old and New, with one or two of English historical note.

This table brings us down to the year 1826 only, but it shews the connexion of our Vicar of Ormskirk with the Liverpool line of the family (that is, the direct line) and John Heywood, of the time of Edward VI.

March 7th, 1878.

F. J. BAILEY, Esq., L.R.C.P., in the Chair.

The following objects were exhibited :

By J. Harris Gibson, Esq.

1. A Chinese painting on glass, representing a female opium smoker; and also an opium pipe of the identical shape of the one in the painting.

2. A specimen of bookbinder's transfer, or printing on the back of an octavo volume.

3. An opium pipe, silver, from Peru.

4. A shoe of native silver filagree-work, from Ayacucho, Peru. 5. An armadillo's tail, mounted in silver, from Peru.

6. An African fetish, from the Congo river.

By W. H. Richards, Esq.

1. Some very old Chinese coins.

2. Some Abyssinian or Zanzibar brass rings.

3. A Chinese idol, or household image, such as are found in almost every house in China.

4. Chinese tea cups and saucers, of very old date and beautiful workmanship, some engraved with the tea plant, and others painted with figures in enamel; also, a Chinese water bottle and tankard, finely painted and enamelled.