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tended to make the principal fupport of his whole pofition, he fet out himself, with reinforcements, drawn from that wing, to affift the sight, which the enemy had begun to attack on two fides, while another column was endeavouring to 4urn it by Mofs-kirk, and to cut off its communication with Pfullendorf. On that fide fortune had favoured the French fince the beginning of the day, and victory feemed already within their grafp. Nothing remained to be done, but to diflodge the Auftrians from fome heights which they ftill occupied. The archduke loft not a moment to extricate himfelf from fo critical a fituation. He directed an attack on the right and left fides of the road of Tuttlingen, at the fame time. The prince of Furftemberg, while bravely conducting the fecond attack, in the midft of a most deadly fire, was killed by a grape fhot, and colonel prince Anhalt Bernburg was mortally wounded. These commanders were replaced by general Hapfchütz, who was alfo wounded, and by prince Anhalt Coethen, who, difmounting from his horfe, offered to lead the infantry to the charge. The excellence of the new difpofitions, made by the archduke, and the heroilm of fome regiments, flopped, for a while, the progrefs of the French, who retreated occafionally, only, however,, to return with additional fury to the charge. The infantry of the two armies ftruggled, a long time, with unfpeakable obftinacy; and the carnage was great on both fides. Still, however, the victory remained undecided, till the archduke fent fome battalions of grenadiers, which had just arrived from the left wing, to make another attack on the left of Tuttlingen

road. Thefe battalions, advancing to the wood occupied by the French, took them in flank, and made a demibrigade prifoners. This welltimed manoeuvre, executed with vigour, and fupported by the cooperation of the other columns already engaged with the enemy, decided the fortune of the day in favour of the imperialifts. The French, driven from the wood, foon gave way on all fides, and were purfued on the road to Lyptingen, till victors and vanquished were overtaken by darkness. While victory was thus fnatched, though with difficulty, from the centre of the republican army, the column that had advanced to Mofs-kirk, with the defign of turning the right, of the Auftrians, was vigourously repulfed by the prince of Wurtenberg, and efcaped certain deftruetion, only by croffing the Danube, over the bridge of Sigmaringen. The right of the republican army was not ultimately more successful. In fpite of feveral vigorous attacks, firft upon Nellemberg, and afterward on the village of Wallenwies, it could make no impreffion on the Auftrian pofition, but was held in check the whole day by general Staader, who commanded that wing of the imperialifts. In that quarter alfo night put an end to the battle, which had lafted along the whole line from break of day, with an unexampled obftinacy, and great lofs to each of the armies. General Jourdan, whether he ftill retained a hope of being able to force the archduke's pofition, or, what is more probable, that he wished to difguife his defeat, by continuing to act on the defenfive, again attacked, before break of day, the right of the imperialifts, on the twenty fixth, [R 4]

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near Wallenwies; but his reiterated efforts were unfuccefsful. Seeing all his projects fruftrated, having been twice beaten in the fpace of five days, and finding him felf unable to refift the attacks which might be expected from the archduke, he commenced his retreat in the night, between the twentyfixth and twenty-feventh, and, after fome fharp encounters with the Auftrians, by whom he was followed and observed, rather than pursued, in the vallies of the Necker, the Kintzigg, and Hell, repaffed the Rhine, with his centre and right, in the firft week of April. His left alfo was driven from Schaffhaufen, across that river, on the thirteenth.

The archduke, at first, occupied the places abandoned by the French army, fixing his head-quarters at Stock-ach. But, on the feventh of April, the Auftrians advanced beyond the mountains, into the valley of the Rhine, and pushed their left as far as Weill and Raichen, before Bafle, and their right nearly to Raftadt. Suabia was thus almoft entirely freed from the French, who, after having remained fix weeks in that part of Germany, again faw themselves very nearly in the fame pofition which they had occupied before their invafion. Jourdan proceeded from Straßburgh for the re

eftablishment of his health, to Paris where, meeting with the reception that is ufually given by popular go vernments to unfuccefsful command. ers, however blameless, and even worthy of praise their conduct, he was ftripped of the command of the army. He would have been a just object of refpect, as well as fympathy, had he born this with a dignified filence; inftead of attributing his defeats to the generals ferving under him; devoting himself more and more to the jacobins, the usual refource of the republican malcontents; and extenuating, in an apologetic publication, his own force, while he greatly exaggerated that of his adverfary. In that publication, entitled, An Abstract of the Operations of the Army of the Danube, he did not fcruple to affirm, that he had only 34,000 men, and that the archduke had 80,000: whereas, it is well known, that the republican army was about 40,000 ftrong, and that the imperial troops, which had any fhare in the action, amounted, at moft, to 45,000. He complained bitterly, not only of feveral of his generals, but of the minifter of war, and of the directory. Jourdan certainly proved, what every one was already convinced of, that the military means of the directory were far from being adequate to its pro jecs,

CHAP,

CHAP. XIV.

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The French pafs the Rhine. Pofitions of the Auftrians in the Country of the Grifons, and in the Voralberg.-Complete Conqueft of the Country of the Grifons, by the French.-The Auftrians, under the Archduke Charles. pafs the Lech, and advance into Suabia. Nearly the whole of which falls into their Poffeffion.-The Frerch fall back to Stock-Ach and Engen — Are forced to repafs the Rhine.-Make themfelve Mafters of the Vallies of the Inn. The Inhabitants of the Tyrol take up Arms against the French, who, being defeated, are obliged to evacuate that Country-Proclamation of the Archduke Charles to the People of Switzerland.-Maffena appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Armies of the Rhine, the Danube, and of Obfervation-Breaking up of the Congress at Rafladt.-Infult offered to Bernadotte, French Ambaffador, at Vienna.-Conferences at Seltz.Aaffination of the French Deputies to the Congress at Raftadt.-General Situation of the Allies.-The French are entirely driven out of the Country of the Grifons, and the Aufirians take Poft on the left Bank of the Rhine. -Malena evacuates the Eaftern Parts of Italy —General Bellegarde, having reduced the Vallelline, embarks, with the greater Part of his Army, on the Lake Como.-The French driven from St. Gothard.—Strong Pofition taken by Maffena, in Front of Zurich.-Situation of the Archduke, and Caufes of his Inaction.-Respective Forces, and Forces of the oppofile Armies in Switzerland.-Political Measures of the Allies.-The Elector of Bavaria, and the Duke of Wurtemberg enter into the Coalition.-Plan of general Attack on the Allies formed at Paris.-Particular Plan of Mafena. The Auftrians attacked on the whole Extent of their Line. And entirely driven from the Cantons of Schwitz and Uri.-The firft Divifion of the Ruffian Auxiliary Army arrives at Schaffhausen, and proceeds to Zurich.-Meufures taken, by the Archduke, to flop the Progrefs of the Republicans.-The French Army of the Rhine passes that River on feveral Points.-The Archduke, with his Army, quits Switzerland-After The obtaining fome Succeffes, obliged to fall back, and return to Mentz Allies, on the 25th of September, attacked on the whole of their Line the Linth and the Limatt.-Zurich furrounded.-The Ruffian General, Korfakaw, who fucceeded to the Archduke in the Command of the Allied Forces, in Switzerland, retreats.-. -Marshal Suwarrow marches from Italy. into Switzerland.—His March, Progress, and Retreat to the Country of the Grifons, one Series of Battles, or a continued Engagement. Action at Conftance. The French, on the 4th and 5th of October, pass the Rhine.Take Poffeffion of all the Country between the Maine and the Lake.-They are compelled to withdraw into the Angle, formed by the Necker and the Rhine, and completely to repafs this River.

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ing by his victory, with mature judgement, did not make it his first object, immediately to drive the French beyond the Rhine, but remained for fome time, with the greater part of his force, near the lake of Conftance, rightly judging, that if he abandoned that point, and advanced into the Brifgau, his left and rear would be expofed to the incurfions of Maffena. All his thoughts were now bent on the invafion of Switzerland. The French had made that country a kindofftrong hold, from whence they intended to fall on Germany. It was neceffary to drive them from it, in order to be able, in his turn, to menace their own country. Switzerland was a two-edged fword, which could be made ufe of either against France or Germany. This prince Charles refolved to feize, and commenced his preparations for that great purpofe. But the time that elapfed, before he could execute his defign, permits us to look back on the central war which was carried on, in the country of the Grifons, and the frontiers of the Tyrol.

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HE archduke, fetting proper deavoured to establish a battery The Auftrian artillery rendered that impoffible, and the Auftrian general Jellacheick, who commanded there, having attacked him, fword in hand, drove him from the height which he had occupied. As Field-kirk might be confidered as the key of the Tyrol, Maßena renewed, in perfon, the attack, next day, with the brigade of general Oudinot, reinforced with fix thousand. grenadiers, the flower of the army. After a very obftinate and bloody battle, which lasted all the day, he was not only obliged to relinquish the attempt, but to re pass the Rhine, with the lofs of three thousand men, in killed, wounded, and prifoners. The Auftrians, who had not loft above one-third of that number, advanced to the Rhine while general Ou dinot took poft at Rhein-neck, and Malena entrenched himlelf on the other fide of the river, having his head-quarters at Chur. This general, having in vain made an effort for penetrating into the north of the Tyrol, determined to fend his left wing into the weft of that province. The generals Defolles and Lecourbe, on the twenty-fixth of April, attacked the Auftrians, in the wallies of the Inn and the Munfter, reduced them under their power, and took a great many prifoners. These fucceffes, which rendered the French masters of two of the principal. entrances of the Tyrol, occafioned great alarms in that province, the fouth of which was threatened, at the fame time, by the French army in Italy. General Bellegarde, with the affiftance of the Tyrolefian peasants, who, at his call, rofe in, a mafs, obliged the French, on

It has been already feen, that the French, on the feventeenth of March, were almost entirely masters of the Grifon country, and that, their plan was, to advance along the three vallies of the Inn, the Rhine, and the Adige. That this plan might be completely executed, it was abfolutely neceflary that Maffena fhould drive the Auftrians from the Voralberg. The French general Oudinot, feized on a height, which commanded the Auftrian pofition at Field-kirk, guarded only by fix thousand regulars, and en

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the fifth of April, to evacuate the Tyrol.

The fhort ftay of the French, in that country, was marked by the moft horrid exceffes. They proprofaned the churches, infulted the women, distressed the inhabitants in general, wafted the fields, pillaged the houfes, and even reduced feveral villages to afhes.

The retreat of generals Lecourbe and Defolles, the bad feafon, and, above all, the defeats which the French had met with in Germany, and in Italy too, as fhall, by and by, be related, left no longer any fears for the Tyrol, and therefore general Bellegarde, thought lefs of regaining the country of the Grifons, by force of arms, than of promoting the fuccefs of operations, which would reduce the French to evacuate it, or which, at least, would Fender an attack much easier. The formidable line of the French, on the Mincio, had just been broken, and the fuperiority of the Auftrians, foon to be augmented by Ruffian auxiliaries, enabled them to attempt every thing in the plains of Lombardy. But, fo long as the French were in poffeffion of the Valtelline, and of that part of the Upper Alps, which commands the paffages into the Brefcian and Bergamele, they could fend reinforcements to their army in Italy, or attack, in flank, that of the Auftrians. General Bellegarde, therefore, detached three columns, which, under the orders of generals Vukaflovitch and Alciani, and colonel Strauch, were commiffioned to diflodge the French from the upper parts of the Brefcian and the Bergamefe: in a word, from all the country between the lakes of Garda, Faro, and Ilco.

After fifteen days of inaction,

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which had been imitated by Lecourbe, and which was rendered necessary by the fnows, which covered all the valley and paflages of the Julian Alps, general Bellegarde refolved to attempt the attack of the country of the Grifons, in order more and more to facilitate and fecure the progrels of the allies, in Italy, and at the fame time pave the way for the execution of the defigns which they had formed a gainft Switzerland. He therefore, on the twenty-fecond of April, fent feveral fmall columns to reconnoitre the paffages on the frontiers of the Engadine, and the Brettigau. One of thefe, purfuing with too much ardour the out-pofts of the enemy, whom they put to flight, was overpowered, and the greater part, with major Schmidt, who commanded it, taken prifoners. This finall check, but ftill more the impaffable state of the vallies, obliged general Bellegarde to delay the attack of the country of the Grifons.

To the Swiss nation the archduke addressed a proclamation, calculated to destroy the effect of those abfurd views, which the French had never ceafed to attribute to the Auftrians, and by which they were enabled, in fome meafare, to revive the former hatred of the Swiss against them. It had, likewife, the more fecret object of exciting infur rections among the inhabitants of Switzerland, and of preventing their arming in favour of the French Twelve months of fervitude had not yet extinguished the love of liberty in the hearts of the Swifs; the ftrong paffions of hatred and vengeance, not being yet fucceded, by the indifference and cowardice which follow corruption. Scarcely had the law for forced enrolments been proclaimed,

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