maintained himself there but by great, fkill, and at the expenfe of much blood. But the day on which Maflena began his general attack, the first divifion of the Ruffian - army of general Korlakow, followed, at a finall diftance, by five others, arrived, by forced marches, at Schaff-haufen, from whence it , marched two days afterwards to Zurich. The timely arrival of this reinforcement allowedprinceCharles to diminish the force of his principal pofition of Zurich, and to fend general Hotze with feveral thousand men to fupport the two Auftrian corps, which had retired into the cantons of Schweitz and Glarus, and which, after having been posted beyond Rapper chwill and the Linth, retook thefe two pofitions. The Linth, the lake of Zurich, and the Limmat, were, properly fpeaking, the limits of the two armies. On the following days, the whofe Ruffran army, with the exception of the cavalry, which would have been ulelefs in Switzerland,. and which remained on the right bank of the Rhine, joined the Auftrians near Zurich.

find this on its right, it was neceffary to look for it on the left: and the army, which the directory had been bufy in forming on the Rhine, received orders to advance on the Maine and the Neckar. The ob ject of this expedition was, by a powerful diverfion, to prevent the archduke from turning against Maffena the mafs of force which he had at his difpofal, fince the arrival of the Ruffians, to preferve. Switzerland by threatening Germany; to procure in this latter country money and provifions, and to employ, for the benefit of the republic, the rich granaries, which the harveft had juft filled, of the Palatinate. On the twenty-fifth of Auguft the republicans, 10,000 in number, under general Muller, paffed the Rhine at Manheim, and near that town, reduced Heidelberg and Heibron, and extended themselves into the countries lying between the Rhine and the Neckar. Another divifion, under the command of general d'Hilliers, proceeding from Mentz, levied contributions on the town of Frankfort, notwithstanding its agreed neutrality; pufhed an advanced poft towards Afcfhaffenberg, marched towards the lower Neckar, where it arrived on the fecond of September, and joined itself to the centre of the army of the Rhine, which enabled general Muller,on the twenty-fixth to inveft Philipfburgh.

A great battle, which the French had loft at Novi, in Italy, had en tirely deranged their offenfive plans. The part affigned to Maffena depended in a great measure on that which was, at the fame time, to be acted in Germany and Italy, by the republican armies, which might be confidered as the two wings of his It was neceflary that both, or at least one of them, fhould advance, in order, that the centre might do fo, without danger, and indeed that it might with fafety preferve its pofition. It wanted a point of fupport, and not being able, fince the battle of Novi, to

The incurfion of the French upon the Maine, and their march "towards Suabia, furnished prince Charles with a pretext for avoiding a co-operation with field-marthal Suwarrow in Switzerland, which he had probably received orders to elude. This young prince, the unwilling inftrument of Auftrian licy, alarmed, or pretended to be

po

fo, at the danger which threatened Germany, and that part of his army which was on the right bank of the Khine, and profeffing to feel the defire, as well as obligation, of refcuing, from the ravages of the French, the eftates of the elector palatine, and the duke of Wurtemberg, or. dered his army to hold itself in readinefs to quit Switzerland, and immediately marched part of it towards Schaff-haufen. He intrufted general Hotze with the defence of the finall cantons, and fent him fome reinforcements, which raised his 'force to about 29,000 mėn. During the laft days of Auguft, the Ruffians, in number about 30,000 effective men, replaced the Auftrians along the brooks of the Limmat and the Aar, and in front of Zurich, where general Krofakow, with whom the command now refied, fixed his head-quarters. General Nauendorf was left with about 10,000 men, on the right bank of the Rhine, to form there a body of obfervation and referve. These were the arrangements which prince Charles, before his departure, made for the defence of the conquered part of Switzerland. He left behind him 55,000 men, of whom more than 40,000 were oppofed to Maffena, from the Grifon country, as far as the mouth of the Aar, reduced Manheim and Neckerau, and driven the French back into Mentz, be established his headquarters, on the nineteenth, at Schwetzingen; where, on the twenty-leventh, he received news of the events which had taken place, two days before, in Switzer

land.

The reputation of fuperiority which the Ruffians had aquired, and which they had not fofeirted in Italy,

and all that the imagination of fol diers, no lefs then that of other men, adds to what is unknown to them, impofed on the French army under Maflena. They did not even attempt any thing worthy of notice from the twenty-ninth of Auguft, when the Ruffians relieved the Auftrian advanced pofts before Zurich, till the eighth of September. On that day they renewed the attack, which they had often made, un the poft of Wallifhoffen, but were obliged to return to their pofition, with fome lofs. This aflair, however, had no other object, on the part of the French, than to bring the Ruffians to the test, and to familiarife themfelves with their manner of fighting. The original plan of the allies, as above observed, was to turn Switzerland on the north and fouth.The departure of prince Charles from Switzerland made it necellary to fubftitute to the former a plan of attack of lefs magnitude, which re quired a lefs confiderable force, and which fhould be purely military. The plan propofed was, to recover immediately the poffeffion of the fall cantons, and to turn the po fition. fo long held by Maffena, on the lakes of Lucerne and Zug, and on the Albis, which would have obliged him to retire on the Aar, the whole line of which it would have been abfolutely impoffible to preferve. Maffena knew this projec, and having learnt that the generals Korfakow and Hotze had refolved to begin the execution of them on the twenty-fixth; he determined to be before hand with them. Bridges thrown over the Limmat, and various movements and actions, in one of which general Hotze fell, and on which general Petrarch, to whom rank and fuperiority

gage him, generals Korfakow and Petrach having a lefs force againft them might be enabled to turn about, and that every thing might be retrieved. It was in this hope, fo glorious for him to have ftill retained, that he wrote to the Ruffian general Korfakow's army" You will anfwer with your heads for every farther ftep that you retreat. I am coming to repair your faults." On the thirtieth, marfbal Suwarrow put himself in motion, by the Muttenthal, and through a feries of bloody combats, the whole march being in a manner one engagement, pushed on through the narrow valley of Muttenthal. On the fame day he was purfued by Maffena, who had joined Lecourbe at Altorfhauffen, as advanced guard, 4,000 ftrong came up, on that day, with general Rofenberg, and attacked him, but was repulfed with lofs. On the next day, the first of October, Maffena came in perfon, with 1000 men againft general Rolenberg, who was left at Mutten to guard the entrance of that valley, and to fecure the march of the reft of the army. Maffena attacked him in three columns, one keeping the centre of the valley, and the two others occupying the two fides of the mountains. General Rofenberg charged Maffena's centre with three battalions, and forced it to take to flight; an example which was followed by the other two columns. The Ruffians purfued the enemy beyond Schmitz, after having killed or wounded 5 or 6000 men, and taken more than 1000 prifoners. Thefe advantages, gained at the fame time by the advanced and the rear guard, gave the Ruffians peaceable poffeffion of the road from Schmitz to Glarus, in which laft town they collected their fick and

wounded. The field-marshal had flattered himself that he should there he joined by fome Auftrian corps. But general Petrarch having already retreated into the Voralberg, and generals Jellacheik and Lincken into the country of the Grifons, the Ruffian general had no other fupport to expect but that of one Auftrian brigade, under general Auffemberg. He was obliged, therefore, notwithstanding an ardent defire to maintain himself in the fmall cantons, to renounce it, and to think of his own fafety, already greatly endangered. Having allowed his army to repofe, three days he began his march, on the fifth of October, toward the Grifon country, leaving his wounded at Glarus. After an arduous and fatiguing march, through the vallies of Zernaff and Ileim, where he was fometimes obliged to cut away along the fides of rocks, and in which he loft part of his beafts of burthen and baggage, and a pretty large number of foldiers, not able to follow him, it reached the valley of the Rhine; and, on the eighth, was reunited in the environs of Chur, ftill amounting to near 14,000 men ;' having thus loft, in this fhort, but terrible campaign, 3000 men, in killed, wounded, or miffing. killed, wounded, and prifoners, the French loft at least 4000.

In

The archduke being informed, on the twenty-eighth of September, af his head-quarters at Schwetzingen, of the difafters of the allies, haftened to their relief, with a part of his army, leaving the remainder under prince Schwartzenberg, for the protection of the Neckar and the Maine. He arrived, on the fourth of October, and fixed his head-quarters at Donaweefchingen. Being made acquainted with the first fucceffes of

marshal