II. Neither of the two republics fhall ever prohibit the exportation of any produce of its territory or manufactures deftined for the republic its ally, except corn or flour, and that only when the fame prohibition fhall have taken place by a general regulation extending to all nations and as a prohibition at present exists in France, againft the exportation of grain, the French republic, confidering the indifpenfable want of this article under which the Helvetic republic labours and defirous to give it a particular proof of its affection, confents that it fhall be authorized to export annually, on its own account, from the French territory, a million of myriagrammes of corn or flour, on condition that it fhall be carried by the following places, viz. Verfoix, Jougnes, Verrieres-de-Joux, and Bourg Libre, on Swifs carriages, -conducted by Swiss carriers; and in certain cafes when this importation of corn or flour fhould not be fufficient for the manifeft wants of Helvetia, the French republic farther confents that in fuch cafe, by particular treaties to be yearly renewed, it fhould be at liberty to import to the amount of four millions of my riagrammes, but in no event whatever to exceed that quantity.

III. The duties on the import and export of merchandifes of the growth or manufacture of the two allied republics, in their paffage from one to the other, and which are fixed by the weight according to exifting tarifs, fhall continue to be collected in the fame way, taking, however, for a bafis the value of the merchandise, fo far that in no cafe the duty paid fhall exceed fix per cent. of the value: and for this purpofe, invoices of each kind of

merchandife fhall be made out by the respective governments, who fhall tranfmit a table of the various articles of their growth and manufacture, and regulate the form of the certificates which are to authenticate their origin. And in the mean time, and until the said regulations fhall be carried into complete effect, it is agreed that the perception of duties fhall take place on the bafis of the declared value of the merchandifes, faving to the comptrollers the privilege of detaining them, paying their faid avowed value, with ten per cent. over, and upon condition that the articles exported from Helvetia fhall

not enter France except through the offices defignated in the preceding article, to which fhall be added one of the offices of the department of Mont-Terrible.

IV. The duties paid in Helvetia on retailed wines fhall be the fame on the wines of France as on those of the growth of Helvetia.

V. Whereas the reciprocal li berty of transfer of goods and manufactures is ftipulated by the first article, the duty on the transfer fhall not exceed one half per cent. of the value of the articles fo transferred. The taxes for the maintenance of routes, as well by land as by water, fhall not exceed those payable by the citizens of the republic which levies them. Waggoners, carriers, and watermen, on entering the territory of the one republic or the other, fhall conform themselves to the laws and regulations refpectively established in each of them

VI. The two republics agree that their refpective moneys fhall be ftruck after the fame model, and that then they fhall have a legal circulation in the two countries, reciprocally.

VII. If

VII. If a merchant or any other French citizen fhall die in Switzerland, the Helvetic republic undertakes to treat heirs, or other perfons having a right to his property, as if they were natives, and fo reciprocally in France, in cafe of the demife of a Swifs citizen.

VIII. French citizens domiciliated in Helvetia, and Helvetic citizens domiciliated in France, fhall have their pallports verified by the confuls of their refpe&ive nations.

IX. French citizens and Helvetic citizens, who fhall travel for an unlimited term in the ftates of either allied republic, fhall be at liberty to leave them with paffports of their nation, on having them verified by the refpective legations or confuis, and conforming to the police-laws in force in the countries in which they thall fo travel.

X. It is agreed that the treaties or conventions, which the French and Helvetic republics fhall make with other ftates, fhall never injure in any respect the execution of the prefent, but, on the contrary, that each of them, on fuch occafions, fhall ufe its efforts to fecure the commercial advantages hereby ftipulated to its allied republic.

XI. Nothing herein contained fhall change or affect the commercial and political articles of the treaty of alliance.

The ratifications of the prefent treaty fhall take place in the fpace of three decades, reckoning from the day of its being figned, and its full execution within four decades after the exchange of the ratifications. Concluded and figned at Paris, the 11th Prairial, 7th year (30th May, 1799). (Signed)

C. M. Talleyrand.
P. J. Zeltner.
A. Jenner.

WE

the magnitude of the events that have taken place, fince the conclufion of the treaty of Campo Formio, we have fill the remembrance of thofe that preceded it. We have not forgotten that it was after five years of triumphs, and at the moment in which the French armies were no more than thirty leagues from Vienna, that the republic confented to fufpend the courfe of her victories, and preferred to the fuccefs of fome laft efforts, the immediate establishment of peace

It may be recollected, that when the treaty was concluded, the moderation of the conqueror appeared fo great, that it wanted, in fome fort, an apology.

Could we have foreleen that this compact, in which force fhewed itfelf fo indulgent-in which the most liberal compenfation ought to have filenced all regret, fo far from obtaining the promised ftability, would have been from the beginning but the deceiving pledge of an ephemeral reconciliation, and that the fudden attacks made againft it fhould all come from a power which was indebted to it for an ample indemnification for the loffes the had experienced by the war? What a ftrange contraft! Whilft the republic with conftant care fulfils every ftipulation of a treaty, which is in proportion neither with her fucceffes, nor with what the might deduce as legitimate revenge for the plans of deftruction formed and R 3

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purfued against her; Auftria, inftead of fhowing herfelf fatisfied with an approximation that has fpared her the greatest misfortunes, appears to be occupied only with deteriorating and deftroying the compact that has formed her fafety. Among the violations of the treaty which that power has been guilty of, fome have been fo manifeft, that they have already excited the furprife of Europe, and the indignation of republicans:-others, lefs public, or lefs perceived, have yet not been lefs hoftile; and the directory can no longer defer marking out to the legiflature the circumftances of the conduct of the cabinet of Auftria; a conduct truly offenfive, invafive of the state of peace, and which no effort nor example has been able to bring back to the obfervance of engagements contracted. At the period of the concluding of the treaty of Campo Formio, it was reciprocally ftipulated, by an additional act to the treaty, that all that part of the German territory, extending from the Tyrol and the frontier of the Auftrian ftates to the left bank of the Mein, fhould be evacuated at once by the French and imperial troops, except the poft of Kehl, which was to remain with the republic. A convention ftill more particular, concluded and figned at Raftadt, the 11th Frimaire, 6th year, renewed that engagement, and marked a fixed term for its execution. On the part of the republic that execution was prompt and entire. On the part of Auftria it was deferred, eluded, and is not yet obtained. In Philipfburg the emperor has kept a garrifon and provifions, which belong to him, in fpite of the pretence that covers them. In Ulm and Ingoldstadt he has not ceafed to

keep troops, and an etat major to receive more. All the places of Bavaria have remained at his dif pofal; and fo far from that dutchy having been evacuated, according to the terms of the treaty, we fee that it contains 100,000 Auftrians deftined at once to refume hoftilities against the republic, and to invade a country fo long coveted by the court of Vienna. If that court had intended to have shown itfelf faithful to the treaty, the first effect of this difpofition would without doubt have been to prefs the reciprocal establishment of the refpective legations: but fo far from Auftria having entertained a wifh of making any beginning upon this head, what was the furprife of the directory when they were informed it was confidered at Vienna, that the plenipotentiaries fent on both fides to the congrefs of Raftadt were fufficient to keep up the communications between the two states, and that the treaty of Campo Formio was to receive, by the treaty with the empire, ulterior developements, before the habitual relations of perfect understanding could be entirely established! So cold an interpretation of the treaty, fo formal a diftance, did not prefage that it would be long refpected.

In the mean time, a government, whofe exiftence attefted alfo the moderation of the republic, dared to provoke anew her vengeance by the most horrible attacks. The pope expiated his crime, and Rome acquired liberty; but the directory, forefeeing that perfons would not fail to alarm the imperial court, and to give to the most juft reprifals the afpect of ambitious aggreffion, thought proper to wave all confiderations of etiquette, which might

have prevented them, and to fend to Vienna citizen Bernadotte, as ambaffador from the French republic, to make it underfood that the deftruction of the pontifical government at Rome would make no change in the limitation of the ftates of Italy that the exifting and recognised republics would not be increased by any part of the Roman territory, which left the treaty of Campo Formio in all its integrity, ince, by fixing the extent of the Cifalpine republic, it could not forefee nor prevent, with refpect to their refult, the events which might change the form of other ftates of Italy on account of their own aggreffions. Yet the ambaflador of the republic was received at Vienna with coldnefs. This mark of the moft loyal cagernefs, this fending of an agent invefted with the most auguft character, was without reciprocity and foon an event lefs injurious by the circumftances that accompanied it than by the impunity which it has obtained, manifefted the fecret fentiments of the court of Vienna. If, at the first news of this, event, the directory had not had fome foundation for feeing in it only the work of two courts eager to revive the war upon the continent; if they could have believed that the emperor knew the plot woven-under his eyes; they would not have hefitated a moment in inciting the national vengeance against fo outrageous a violation of the state of peace and the rights of nations, to religioufly refpected by the republic in the midit even of the most violent forms of the revolution. But it was poffible that the cabinets of London and Peterburgh might have prepared and directed, by their agents, a tumult neither known nor approved

by the emperor. The expreffions of regret conveyed, in the firft moment, to the ambaffador of the republic by M. de Colloredo, the announced appointment of M. Degelmann to Paris, were the motives for thinking that the imperial court would haften to purfue and punish an attack, whofe exiftence it acknowledged, and of which it feared to appear the accomplice. When it was known befides, that the minifter who was accused of having feconded the fury of England and Ruffia, had given up his place to the count de Cobenzel, and that the latter was goint to Seltz to make reparation, the directory could not repent having incited thefe conferences, by fhowing herfelf lefs ready to follow the firft impulfe of a legitimate refentment, than eager to do away, by common explanation, every thing that might oppofe the establisliment of the most perfect harmony.

Such was their defire to produce conciliation, that the envoy extraordinary of the republic had for his definitive inftruction to content himfelf, in reparation for the event at Vienna of the 21ft Germinal, with a fimple difavowal, and a declaration that the guilty fhould be fought after. But fcarcely had the confer ences been opened at Seltz, when the imperial court altered its tone and its conduct-baron Degelmann did not proceed to Paris-M. de Thugut returned to the miniftrythe informations commenced remained unavailing and ineffectual. The count de Cobenzel, inflead of offering or giving the reparation, which was the principal object of his miffion, affected a wifh to direct the difcuffion to other points; and concluded by declining all fatisfaction, even that with which the reR 4

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