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grand crofs of the order of Saint John of Jerufalem: the tenour is as follows:

In the name of the most holy and undivided Trinity :

Her moft faithful majefty, and his majefty the emperor of all the Ruffias, withing to draw closer the bonds of friendship and good underftanding, which already fubfift between them, have judged that nothing would contribute more efficacioufly to this falutary end, than the conclufion of a treaty of defenfive alliance.

In confequence of which their faid najefties have chofen and nominated as above; who, after the mutual communication of their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon the following articles:

I. There fhall be a fincere and confiant friendship between her majefty the queen of Portugal, and his majefty the emperor of all the Ruffias, their heirs and fucceffors; and, in confequence of this intimate union, the high contracting powers fhall have nothing more zealoufly at heart, than to advance, by all poffible means, their mutual interefts, to ward off from each other every thing that might caufe to either any wrong, damage, or prejudice, and to maintain each other reciprocally in the quiet poffeffion of their eftates, rights, commerce, and prerogatives whatever, guaranteeing to themfelves, for this purpofe, reciprocally, all their countries, eftates, and poffeffions, fuch as they at prefent poffels them, as well as thofe which they may acquire by treaties, II. If, notwithstanding the efforts which they should employ with one common accord to attain this end, it should happen that one of them

should be attacked by fea or by land, the other fhall lend to it at once, and as foon as demand fhall be made, the fuccours ftipulated by the fubfequent articles of this treaty.

III. Her most faithful majefty, and his majesty the emperor of all the Ruffias, declare, once for all, that, in contracting the prefent alliance, they by no means with to offend thereby, nor to do any wrong to any perfon whatever, but that their fole and only intention is to provide, by thefe engagements, for their mutual advantage and fecurity, as alfo for the re-eftablishment of peace, and the maintenance of the general tranquillity of Europe.

IV. As the two high contracting parties profefs the fame defire to render their mutual fuccours as advantageous as poffible, it is agreed, that her most faithful majefty, should The be attacked or disturbed by any other power, and in any manner whatsoever, in the poffeffion of her eftates and provinces, fo that she may judge it neceflary to call for the affiftance of her ally, his imperial majefty the emperor of all the Ruffias fhall fend her, in the firft inftance, 6000 infantry; if, on the other hand, his imperial majefty of all the Ruffias fhould find himself attacked or difturbed in the poffeffion of his eftates and provinces by any other power and in any manner whatsoever, fo that he may judge it neceffary to require the affiftance of his ally, her moft faithful majesty fhall fend him, in the firft inftance, a fquadron of fix fhips of war; viz. five fhips of from 64 to 74 guns, and a frigate of from 32 to 40 guns, This fquadron fhall be duly equipped and armed for war, having on board a number of officers, failors, foldiers, and gunners, fixed by the regulations

regulations of her moft faithful majefty; which fuccours fhall be repectively fent to the places which hall be appointed by the party requiring them, and fhall remain at the free difpofal of the faid party during the continuance of hoftilities.

V. But fhould the nature of the attack be fuch that the party at tacked fhould not find it its intereft to demand the effective fuccours as ftipulated in the preceding article, then the two high contracting parties have agreed to convert the laid fuccours into a fubfidy in money; that is to fay, fhould her most faithful majefty come to be attacked, and prefer affiftance in money, his imperial majefty of all the Ruffias, upon demand previously made, fhall pay her a fum of 250,000 roubles a year, during the whole term of hoftilities, to affift her to fupport the expenfes of war; and fhould his imperial majefty of all the Ruffias come to be attacked, and prefer fuccours in money, her most faithful majefty fhall furnish him with a like fum every year, as long as hof

tilities fhall continue.

VI. Should the party called upon, after having lent the fuccours ftipulated by the fourth article of this treaty, be itself attacked, fo as to be reduced to the neceffity of recalling its troops for its own fecurity, it fall be at liberty to do fo, after having given two months previous notice to the party requiring aid. In like manner, hould the party called upon be itself at war at the time of the requifition, fo as to be obliged to retain near it, for its own defence and fafety, the forces which it fhould fend to its ally by virtue of this treaty; in fuch cafe, the party called upon fhall be difpenfed from furnishing fuch fuccours

during the whole time fuch neceffity fhall continue.

VII. The auxiliary troops of Ruffia fhall be provided with field-artillery, military ftores, and every thing neceflary, in proportion to their number. They fhall be recruited and paid annually by the court called upon. With refpect to the rations and other ordinary proportions in provifions and forage, and alfo with relpect to quarters, they fhall be füpplied by the court requiring aid, and all on the fame footing on which it keeps and fhall keep its own proper troops in the field and at quarters.

VIII. In cafe of the faid Ruffian auxiliary 'troops fhould repair to the fuccour of her moft faithful majefty, the court of Lisbon fhall undertake to procure tranfports to carry them, or means to furnish the expenfes of their conveyance; the fame is to be underflood of all recruits which his imperial majefty fhall be obliged to fend to thefe troops, as well as of the return of the fame into Ruffia, when they fhall be either fent back by her moft faithful majefty, or recalled by his imperial majefty for his own defence, according to the fixth article of this treaty.-It is farther ftipulated, that in cafe of the recall or fending back of the faid troops, the two high contracting parties fhall communicate with their friend and ally, the king of Great Britain, for the purpofe that the troops should have allo, on his part, a fufficient convoy of fhips of war for their protection.

IX. The officers commanding, whether the fquadron which her nioft faithful majefty fhould fend to Ruffia, or the auxiliary troops of his imperial majefty of all the Ruffias, fhall retain the command which fhall

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have been confided to them; but the general command fhall belong to him whom the party requiring aid fhall have appointed for that purpofe, under the reftriction however, that nothing of importance fhall be undertaken which fall not have been previously regulated and determined in a council of war, in prefence of the general and commanding officers of the party called upon for aid.

X. And to prevent all difputes about rank, the party calling for aid fhall make known in time the chief to whom it fhall give the general command, whether of the fleet or the land troops, in order that the party called upon may be able to regulate, in confequence, the rank of the officer it fhall appoint to command the fhips of war or the auxiliary troops.

XI. Farther, thofe auxiliary forces fhall be allowed their own chaplains and the entire free exercife of their religion, and fhall not be tried in any thing refpecting military fer, vice, except by the laws and articles of war of their respective fovereigns. The general and alfo all the reft of the auxiliary forces fhall be permitted to maintain a free corref pondence with their country, either by letters or expreffes.

XII. The auxiliary forces, on the one part and the other, hall continue together as much as poffible, and, to avoid their being fubjected to more fatigue than the others, and in order that there may be in all the expeditions and operations a perfect equality, the general-in-chief fall be bound to oblerve, upon all occafions, a juft proportion according to the force of the fleet or army.

XIII. The fquadron which her most faithful majefty is to furnish, in

virtue of this alliance, fhall be received into all the ports of his imperial majefty, where it fhall receive the moft friendly treatment, and fhall be provided with every thing of which it fhall ftand in need, on paying for it at the fame price charged to the fhips of his imperial majefty; and the faid fquadron fhall be permitted to return, every year, to the ports of Portugal, as foon as the feafon fhall not fuffer it to continue at fea. But it is formally, and from the prefent moment, ftipulated, that this fquadron fhall return every year to its deftination, towards the begin ning of the month of May, and not leave it again until the month of October, and this as often as the ftipulation of the treaty fhall require it. auxiliary fquadron of Portugal fhall always be employed conjointly with the fquadrons of his imperial majefty, or with those of their friend and ally, the king of Great Britain.

The

XIV. The party calling for affiftance, or demanding the fuccours ftipulated by this treaty, fhall point out, at the fame time, to the party applied to, the places to which it fhall with them to repair in the first inftance; and the party requiring aid, fhall be at liberty to avail itself of the fuccours during the whole time they fhall remain with it, in fuch manner and places as it hall judge moft proper for its fervicę against the aggreffor.

XV. The cafe of this treaty of alliance all not be applicable to wars which may arife between his imperial majefty of all the Ruffias, and the powers and nations of Afia, with refpe&t to which, her moft faithful majefty fhall be difpenfed from lending the fuccours ftipulated by the prefent treaty, except the

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cafe of an attack made by any European power whatever against the rights and poffeffions of his imperial majefty of all the Ruffias; as alfo, on the other fide, his imperial majefty of all the Ruffias fliall not be bound to furnish the fuccours ftipulated by this fame treaty in any cafe whatever, except that of an attack made by fome European power against the rights and poffef. fions of her moft faithful majesty.

XVI. It has been alfo agreed, that in regard of the great diftance of places, the 6000 infantry whom his imperial majefty of all the Ruffias fhall furnish, by virtue of this alliance, for the defence of her moft faithful majefty, fhall not be sent out of Europe.

XVII. If the fuccours ftipulated in the fourth article of this treaty fhould not be fufficient, then the contracting parties refave to themfelves an opening for agreeing upon fuch farther fuccours as they ought to afford.

XVIII. The party requesting aid fhall make neither peace nor truce with the common enemy, without comprifing in it the party called upon, in order that the latter may not fuffer any injury or hatred on account of the fuccours which it fhall have lent to its ally.

XIX. The prefent defenfive alliance fhall not in any wile injure the treaties and alliances which the high contracting parties may have with other powers, as far as the faid treaties fhall not be contrary to this, or to the friendlhip and good underftanding which they are refolved to preferve between them.

other any

XX. If power fhould be willing to accede to the prefent alliance, their faid majefties have agreed to concert between them

felves, on the admiffion of fuch power.

XXI. The prefent treaty of defenfive alliance shall be ratified, and the ratifications exchanged, at St. Petersburgh, within the space of five months, reckoning from the day of the date of fignature, or fooner, if it can be done.In faith of which the aforefaid, minifters plenipotentiary of both parties have figned the prefent treaty, and thereunto put their feals and coats of arms.

Done at St. Petersburgh, the 28th (17th) Sept. 1799.

(L.S.) Francis-Jofeph de Horta Machado.

(L.S.) Le comte de Kotfchubey. (L.S.) Le comte de Rostopschin.

And the aforefaid treaty having 'been prefented to me, and having feen, weighed, and examined all the points and articles therein contained, I approve it, ratify it, and confirm it, in all and every of its claufes and ftipulations, promifing, on my faith and royal word, to obferve and keep it, without ever infringing or permitting that it should be infringed in any manner. In teftimony and affurance of which, I have caufed the present act, figned with my hand, and the impreffion of the feal of my arms, to be difpatched and fent back by my minifter, counsellor, and fecretary of fiate for foreign affairs and of war, who has counterfigned it.

Done at the palace of Quelus, the 31ft of December, from the birth of our Lord Jefus Chrift 1799.

The Prince.

Underneath,

Luiz Pinto de Souza.

Treaty

Treaty of Friendship and Amity be tween his Majefly and the Crown of Sweden, on one Side, and his Majefly the Emperor of all the Ruffias and the Ruffian Empire, on the other; negociated and concluded at Gatfchina, the 18th (29th), of October, 1799, and ratified at the Palace of Stockholm, on the 30th of November, and at Gutfchina, on the 14th (25th), of December, in the fame Year.

In the name of the most holy and indivifible trinity.

TH

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HE treaty of Drotningholm being expired, and the treaty of peace of Werele having thus become the only public act fubfifting between the two countries, his majefty the king of Sweden, and his majefty the emperor of all the Ruffias, animated by a fimilar defire to confolidate their union, have refolved to give a fresh fanction to the treaty of peace above-mentioned, by the prefent treaty of alliance. They have, for that purpofe, chofen and appointed their plenipotentiaries, viz. his majefty the king of Sweden, the baron Curt de Steding, his amballador extraordinary to the emperor of all the Ruffias, lieutenant-general of his armies, chamberlain of the queen-dowager, colonel of a regiment of infantry, knight and commander of his orders, grand crofs of the order of the fword, knight of the French order of military merit, and M. John Chriftopher de Toll, lieutenant-general of his armies, adjutant-general, colonel of a regiment of cavalry, and commander and grand crofs of the order of the fword; and his majefty the emperor of all the Ruffias, the count Theodore Roftopfchin, privy counfellor, first minifler

of the department for foreign affairs, director-general of the pofts of the empire, grand-chancellor and grandcross of the fovereign order of Saint John, of Jerufalem, knight of the orders of Saint Andrew, Saint Alexander Nefsky, and Saint Ann, of the first clafs, and the count Nikita Panin, privy-counsellor, vicechancellor ad interim, chamberlain, and knight of the orders of Saint Alexander Nefsky, Saint Ann, of the first clafs, and of the Pruffian red eagle-who, after exchanging their respective powers, have agreed upon the following articles:

I. The principal object of his majefly the king of Sweden, and his majefty the emperor of all the Ruffias, in forming this alliance, heing mutually to fecure to each other a quiet and undisturbed poffeffion of their refpective ftates, they guaran tee to each other, in the most folemn and binding manner it can be done, all their territories, fiates, and provinces in Europe, as they are at prefent in the poffeffion of his majefty the king of Sweden, and his majefty the emperor of all the Ruffias.

II. Farther to extend the conf dence which at prefent fubfifts be tween his majesty the king of Sweden and his majesty the emperor of all the Ruffias, they will carry on the most intimate correfpondence, to inform each other, fpeedily and faithfully, of all damage, disadvan tage, danger, or external troubles, which might threaten the ftates of either of the contracting powers, timely to employ the most vigorous meafures for preventing the confequences, or for repairing them.

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III. If, contrary to all expecta tions, and notwithstanding the amicable fentiments of the two con

tracting

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