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reflects back the light of his intellect upon its pages, and infuses new life and meaning into the subjects on which it treats. That which one is not fortunate enough to seize, or not powerful enough to retain, becomes the prize of a stronger or more congenial understanding, so that by combined efforts the whole mass of information is collected and infused into the general mind; and thus (to use the illustration of an eminent writer) each separate portion or fragment of knowledge may be compared to the drops of rain which fall separately into the river, yet mix themselves at once with the stream, and strengthen the general current.

S. URBAN.

LIST OF EMBELLISHMENTS TO THE VOLUME.

Those marked thus* are Vignettes, printed with the letter-press.

Page

Representation of an Effigy in St. Mary's Church, Nottingham * Coffin of Thomas Sutton, Founder of the Charter House Exterior View of St. Mary Redcliffe, Bristol

Interior View of St. Mary Redcliffe

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132

ib.

View of the Norman Piscina and Sedilia in St. Mary's Church, Leicester
View of the House of Walter Coney at Lynn Regis, Norfolk

* Arms of the Town of Lynn and Merchant's Mark of Walter Coney
Representations of the Pillar Tower at Ardmore, County Waterford
Painting of St. Christopher in Sedgeford Church, Norfolk

* View of a Colossal Figure cut in the chalk at Cerne, Dorsetshire Representation of the Font, Benefactor's Pillar, and Sculpture in St. Alphage Church, Canterbury

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* Carved Rebus of Caxton in the same Church

* A Silver Reliquary found in Fleet Street

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Representation of part of a Coffin Lid at St. Bartholomew's, Smithfield

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* Specimen of the Masonry of London Wall

* An Axe found near the Beacon Hill, Charnwood Forest

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MINOR CORRESPONDENCE.-The late Archdeacon Strong-Site of Durolevum-

Dr. Adam Clarke-Genealogical and Heraldic Queries

HOWITT'S RURAL AND DOMESTIC LIFE IN GERMANY

Effigy at Nottingham, (with a Plate.)-Effigies of Anglo-Norman Sovereigns
Remains of the ancient Church of St. George in the Castle of Caen
Memorials of Ferdinando Paleologus, of Barbadoes, the Last of the Greeks..
Recent Discoveries of Subterranean Relics of Roman and Medieval London
On the Formation of Tenses in Greek and Latin
Account of the Natives' Society at Winchester

....

Charles Le Téméraire, Duke of Burgundy-French Royal Titles
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE FOUNDATION OF RELIGIOUS HOUSES. No. I.-Lewes
On English Church Architecture-The Temple Church-St. Mary's Redcliffe-
Arrangement for a Chancel-Form of the oldest Churches.

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LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.-New Publications,

69.-Universityof Cambridge, 71.-Trinity College, Dublin-Royal Society-

Westminster School Play, with the Prologue and Epilogue

ARCHITECTURE.-Royal Institute of British Architects, 74.-New Churches,

75.-College of the Free-masons of the Church

ANTIQUARIAN RESEARCHES.- Society of Antiquaries, 77. — Numis-
matic Society, 78.-Cambridge Antiquarian Society, 79.-The Lycian
Marbles, ib.-Roman Antiquities in France, Danish Ship, &c.

HISTORICAL CHRONICLE.-Foreign News, 81.-Domestic Occurrences 82

Promotions and Preferments, 83.-Births and Marriages
OBITUARY; with Memoirs of Lord Viscount Gort; Lord Gray; Gen. Sir
George Walker, Bart.; Sir Michael O'Loghlen, Bart.; Sir John Cross ;
William Curry, esq.; Walter Blakeney, esq.; James Scully, esq.; Capt.
Sibly, R.N.; Rev. W. B. Sleath, D.D.; C. E. Bernard, M.D.; Jeremiah
Osborne, Esq.; Edward Boswell, Esq.; Mr. William Hone; Lady Call-
cott; Mr. John Varley; Mr. James Egan; John Harper, Esq.

Clergy Deceased

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MINOR CORRESPONDENCE.

The late Archdeacon Strong, (noticed in Dec. p. 669,) resigned the rectory of Bolingbroke, where he gave 500/. towards the erection of a parsonage house, in May 1834. The vicarage of Billinghay he resigned in Oct. 1832. The Canonry was annexed to the Archdeaconry of Peterborough, a year and a half since; previously to which that ecclesiastical office was one rather of honour than profit. Dr. Strong was for many years an acting magistrate for the soke of Peterborough, and was as much esteemed in that capacity, for his kind and conciliating disposition, as for firmness and rectitude. He had ceased to act several years before his death. R. P. D. who inquires respecting the controversy between Sir Peter Leycester and Sir Thomas Mainwaring, regarding the illegitimacy of Amicia, daughter of Hugh Cyveliok Earl of Chester, will find the particulars in Ormerod's History of Cheshire, vol. i. p. 29.

Mr. C. R. SMITH will be happy to enter into communication with J. P. on the site of Durolevum, should his "Remarks" in the Archæologia, vol. 29, fail to convince that Correspondent of the superior claims of Davington to those of Milton, &c.

The word Dovor, referred to by J. P. (see p. 612, Nov.) is, as every one will at once perceive, an error for Rochester,— in the Review. (Oct.)

"In your

GRENOVICUS remarks: Obituary for October last, of the Rev. Dr. Crombie, the writer states that he purchased at the latter place [Greenwich] the fine mansion, built on the site of the Powder Magazine, which was formerly tenanted by Sir Walter James,' &c. Now, in all the early plans which I have seen of the parish, the site of the Powder Magazine is marked close to the river side, (a situation which naturally appears most eligible for such a building), and about the spot now occupied by Messrs. Enderby's Sail-cloth Manufactory, where. as Dr. Crombie's mansion stood about 200 yards from the north-east corner of Greenwich Park."

R. R. M. inquires who is the present possessor of an interleaved copy of the late Dr. Adam Clarke's Bibliographical Dictionary, sold with other portions of Dr. A. C.'s library; and also who were the auctioneers on that occasion?

J. T. M. wishes for information respecting the descendants of Raleigh Mansel, of whom a female conveyed the name to one of the Dawkins's of Glamorganshire. This Raleigh was either the youngest son

of Sir Francis M. of Muddlescombe, or of Sir Edward M. of Trimsaram, in Carmarthenshire. He would be obliged by copies of epitaphs relating to that family, at the end of the seventeenth, or beginning of the last century, as they might possibly furnish the information required.

A. B. R. asks for particulars of the family of "Roper, Baron of Bantry, and Viscount Baltinglass," of the Irish Peerage (1622); the title is long extinct in that family, and claimed of a long prior creation (1543), by the family of Eustace. A. B. R. is aware that Lord Baltinglass had a daughter "Ruth," married in 1625, to Sir Edward Denny, Knight; also either a daughter or sister named " 'Mary," married to " Fuller" the Church Historian, and author of the "Worthies of England," but can learn nothing else of the family.

J. N. inquires for the pedigree of Dr. Yate, Principal of Brasenose College, Oxford, from 1660 to 1681; or a reference to any particulars of the Yate family. In the 3d vol. of Ormerod's Cheshire, is a note in which the author states that the Yate pedigree, (three generations prior to Dr. Yate the Principal,) will be found in the Harleian MSS. 2161, but this must, he thinks, be an error on his part, as he has searched through the whole of that number in vain.

Thoroton, in his "Antiquities of Nottinghamshire," describes a shield in the windows, of Whatton Church: Sa. a chevron between 10 cross crosslets argent, but without the bearer's name; which AN INQUIRER is desirous to ascertain.

A LOVER OF ANTIQUITY inquires the meaning of a device of an Otter eating a Salmon, which forms one of the bosses on the groined ceiling of the porch of Great Malvern Church.

INDAGATOR, among the collateral descendants of the Plantagenets, enumerated in the Quarterly Review, Sept. 1841, finds Thomas Brome Whorwood, esq. mentioned as representing, with some others, Elizabeth Mortimer, great-greataunt of Edward IV. through Lady Lucy Stanley, wife of Sir E. Stanley, and coheir of Thomas Percy, seventh Earl of Northumberland; and would be obliged by being informed how Thomas Brome Whorwood is descended from Elizabeth Mortimer, and through what families.

ERRATUM in Dec. Magazine, 1842, p. 650. for "Jamaica, wife of Albin Martin, esq." read Jemima, &c.

THE

MAGAZINE.

GENTLEMAN'S

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Rural and Domestic Life in Germany. By William Howitt.

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AFTER the etherial touches of Madame de Stael, we must confess that Mr. Howitt's book on Germany is somewhat coarse and uninviting. It is true that he discourses on most subjects, for he is "vir in omnibus festinabundus," but his rapidity of movement leaves him little time for preparing materials of knowledge, or using them to the best advantage. He is not an artist, or he would not have visited all the galleries of Europe, and not left a remark upon a single picture, except the very unfortunate one of the Cattle of Ruysdael." He is not a botanist, or he would not call the "silver fir" of the Alps the Pinus Pinacea, or mis-spell the name of the plant "Corchorus" as he does: he is not a natural philosopher, or he would not have talked of the " oxygen" of great cities, when he meant the "carbon" he is not a grammarian, or he would not confound the use of the verbs" shall" and "will," and, lastly, he is but little acquainted with the language of the people he describes, or he would not have so mistranslated their poetry. He sometimes is so immoderately given to the figure of metaphor, that he talks" of the hydraulic press of crushing anxiety and fearful starvation ;" and he is so little acquainted with ancient geography, that he speaks of the "herds of Apollo who fed in the fields of Trinacria and Asphodel!" With regard to his skill and taste in composition, we think that the opening sentence of the work will be a sufficient specimen:

"It is only in the first moments in which you witness something which is entirely new to you, that you feel that novelty in all its vividness, and perceive really how widely divided is the nature and aspect of what you then contemplate

from the object of your former knowledge. Every hour that you continue to regard what strikes you with its newness, carries off that newness, and your impressions fade and bedim themselves in proportion."

It is not very clear with what honest purpose Mr. Howitt conceived the plan of writing a book on Germany, or what kind of information he proposed to bestow. He was not, of course, admitted into the society of the court, of the nobility, the ministers, or even the rich bankers and merchants: he had no acquaintance with the philosophers, for even the key of their language was not in his possession. The scholars of Leipsic, and the theologians of Halle, were alike beyond his circle; and he was not able even to take his share in the national sports or pastimes of the people: he was no companion either to the bauer or the jäger: he could neither shoot, nor ride, nor wrestle; on the mountains he never discharged a rifle, nor in the saloons ventured on a waltz. In short, we consider Mr. Howitt to be " a great afflicter of the highways of his country," without any definite object, further than the publication of a book, and the design. of drawing upon the reader for the payment of his expenses. But as the most incurious observer must make some remarks when in a foreign country, and as Mr. Howitt remained some months in one of the cities,

* Caucherus, is the Howitt orthography.

keeping the establishment of a native German maid, and making such inquiries as he thought would suit the English market, we extract some of those which we think to be among the foremost of interest, but in most cases somewhat abridging the matter, and omitting altogether all the sentences that were intended to be particularly striking and eloquent, and which are doubly refined. The Germans have too many new ideas to be easily comprehended; but Mr. Howitt has avoided speculative subjects, and has correctly confined himself to observation. Let us then begin with his observations on the character of the country, which he describes, as it appears in most parts of Germany, with tolerable correctness.

"Far and wide, without a single fence, it is covered with corn and vegetables; as seen from the heights which bounded it, it presented a most singular appearance to the English eye. The predominating colour at that time of the year was that of ripening corn, but of different hues, according to its different degrees of ripeness, and the different kinds of grain. This is not planted in those vast expanses which you see in the corn farms of Northumberland and Lincolnshire, but in innumerable small patches and narrow stripes, because belonging to many different proprietors; some is also sown in one direction, and some in another, with patches of potatoes, mangel-wurzel, kidney beans, &c. amongst it, so that it presented to the eye the appearance of one of those straw-table mats of different colours which one has seen. Here and there you saw villages lying in the midst of the corn plain, and large woods, but not a hedge, and a few scattered trees; the long rows of these, marking out the highways, being the only dividing lines of the country. As we passed these trees, we observed that they were principally apple, pear, plum, cherry, and walnut trees. Fruit of all kinds was in abundance, and the heavy crops that were common here were indicated by the contrivances to prevent the branches being rent off. Some had their main branches held together by strong wooden clumps, others were propped with various poles; others, especially the plum trees, had their boughs tied up, and supported by ropes of chestnut-bark. We passed through several of the dorfs or villages. They had a primitive, heavy, and thoroughly agricultural air. The houses are built of stone, large and heavy, and each having a great roundheaded gateway leading into a sort of inner court or farm-yard. We observed numbers of women at work in the fields, without shoes, stockings, bonnets, or caps. They were healthy, contented, sunburnt creatures, many of them picturesque enough for any painter of primitive life. What however riveted our attention quite as much, were the country waggons and horses. The wag

gons are the oldest, odd, jumbling things imaginable. What a contrast to the jolly fat horses, and ponderous painted waggons of the English farmer! Most of these vehicles may be worth from five pounds to five shillings, and are drawn by two or three horses abreast. The horses of a light bay or black, of a slouching look and gait, and harnessed by ropes : if there be four, the two foremost a long way a-head of the other two. *** Some of the waggons are drawn by two bullocks, or by two patient cows, which are yoked by the head. Some of them are yoked by two short yokes, which allow their heads some freedom, but more commonly by one yoke, which going over the backs of their necks, generally with a little quilted pad under it, and a pad in front, keep their heads fast, and as steady together as if they were screwed to their yoke. These patient animals are generally fawn-coloured, and strongly bring to your mind the cars and chariots of the ancients, which were drawn by just such cattle, just so yoked. These, by the bye, are the only cattle that you see. In Holland and Belgium you see cattle in the fields; but as you advance up the Rhine, you begin to wonder at the silence of the landscape: not a sheep, nor a horse, nor a cow, is to be seen. The mountain tops are covered with wood, instead of flocks, as in England. The slopes are covered with vineyards. You ask where the cattle are? you are answered in the stalls. Where are the sheep? under the care of shepherds somewhere, heaven knows where you never come across them. It is only on the great plains of the North that you afterwards find large flocks and herds, under the care of keepers, kept close together; for as they have no fences, they are under the momentary peril of their making ravages on their neighbours' crops. We looked from the tops of the mountains about Heidelberg into the Odenwald-all there was woody hills, without the apparition even of a sheep or ox, except such of the latter as were at work in the waggons. We felt astonished at the silence of nature. Not a horse, a cow, ä

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