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ROYAL SOCIETY OF LITERATURE. Jan. 12. The following papers were read-1. A letter from M. Dureau de la Malle, member of the Institute of France. From this communication it appeared, that M. Texier had discovered and sent to France a large portion of the sculptured frieze of the temple of Diana Leucophryne, at Magnesia ad Meandrum in Asia Minor; and that M. Eugène Boré has explored the sources of the Iris, Halys, and Lycus. 2. Two letters from the Rev. Dr. Tattam, addressed to Granville Penn, esq. In the first, dated Paris, August 1842, the writer states, that he contemplated a translation of the works of Macarius into Arabic, for the use of the Coptic church. He adds, "I am editing the Scriptures in Coptic and Arabic, at the request of the Coptic patriarch. This is therefore the first use of the MSS. which I collected in Egypt. The Arabic text adopted is that in use in Egypt, which has never been printed." The second, dated Cairo, October 1842, contains the intelligence that Dr. Tattam had fully succeeded in this and every object of his second visit to Egypt. He had secured to England between two and three hundred Syriac MSS., on vellum, of the greatest age and interest; and had satisfactorily arranged with the patriarch respecting the Coptic and Arabic New Testament, the Arabic text of which was to be corrected at Cairo, from the best MSS. in the country. With regard to Macarius, the learned doctor proceeds to relate that, having ascertained that there is no work of that father in existence among the Copts, either in Coptic or Arabic, he had employed Mr. Mazarra, the most learned Christian in Egypt, to make a translation of the Homilies from the Greek, and of the treatise on Christian Perfection from the English translation published some

years since by Mr. Penn. Dr. Tattam hoped to return to England about Christmas. 3. A memoir on the Egyptian Athor, by the Rev. T. R. Brown. The writer derives the name "athor" from the Coptic ath, a negative prefix, and ôr, a contraction of aér, light air. Athor will therefore primarily signify the same as the darkness mentioned Gen. i. 2; which may be interpreted, the bosom of the empyrean, or light withholden, or curved away. Having given the order of the symbols of this idea,-as night, the resemblance of primeval darkness; the moon, or ruler of the night, &c.,—he infers that the primary idea was kept pure by the Egyptian priests; an opinion which he confirms by adducing an Hermesian hieroglyph, and comparing it with the Chinese.

ECCLESIATICAL RECORDS.

The Records of the First Fruits and Tenths Office-formerly an office of the Exchequer of Account, but recently dissolved-which were handed over to the charge of Queen Anne's Bounty Office, have been brought within the practical operation of the Public Records Act, and transferred from Dean's Yard, Westminster to Carlton Ride. The most important of these Records are the the Surveys of Ecclesiastical Benefices taken in Henry the Eighth's time, which were printed by the late Record Commission, and are known as the "Valor Ecclesiasticus;" the certificates of all ecclesiastical livings not exceeding the yearly value of 50%.; and the Bishops' Certificates of Institu tions and Patronages, from the middle of the sixteenth century to the present time. The beneficial result of this transfer to our clerical readers and the public in general is, that they may now obtain that information for a shilling, for which they formerly paid seldom less than a mark, or thirteen shillings and fourpence.

FOREIGN LITERARY INTELLIGENCE.

A society has been established at Stuttgart for the re-publication of old works, and the editing of unpublished MSS. Its first work is the earliest chronicle known to exist, written in the German language; the date is 1360. The next publication will be the autobiography of the Suabian knight, George von Ehingen, who was a great traveller between the years 1460 and 1490. He fought also with the Portuguese against the Moors in Africa, and relates the events of his life in a very naïve style. The society intends also to republish the

Portuguese Cancioneiro, which was printed at Lisbon, in folio, in 1516, and is one of the greatest book-rarities, not more than three copies being known to exist.

Cardinal P. E. Visconti, of Rome, the successor of Fea as Commissario delle Antichite Romane, has completed an extensive work, Delle Citte e famiglie nobili e celebri dello Stato Pontificio; Dizionario Istorico. It will be published in 12 vols. 4to. and will treat, in alphabetical order, of all places in the dominions of the Church, as regards their geography, history, and statistics, as well as the history of all the most distinguished families. The plates will give the arms of the cities and families, and views of the most remarkable monuments.

A professor of the Tibetan language and literature was recently appointed in Paris. The professor, Mons. P. E. Foucaux, has published the discourse which he delivered on entering upon his duties.

The friends of oriental literature will learn with much interest that a catalogue has appeared, in 3 vols. of the library of the late celebrated orientalist, Silvestre de Sacy. The titles of the books are fully and carefully copied, in the characters peculiar to each; but a French translation is also given. Every book is accurately described, and the contents are illustrated by notes and observations. The whole is scientifically arranged on a new plan, and the reason for its adoption are explained in the preface.

The Codex Rescriptus of Ephraem Syrus, which contains many fragments of a Greek translation of the Bible, and dates from the sixth century, has long excited the curiosity of critics. Dr. Tischendorf, who has recently made a literary tour of Europe at the expense of the Saxon government, has succeeded, by means of a chemical process, in deciphering the manuscript, of which he has a complete edition in the press at Leipzig.

Messrs. Didot intend to publish a new edition of R. Stephens's Latin Thesaurus, with all the principal improvements of other dictionaries that have been published since his time. The Minister of Public Instruction has promised to lend his ef fectual assistance to this work, which, from the little encouragement afforded just now by the public to the literature of Greece and Rome, might otherwise be in danger of falling to the ground.

Six volumes of inedited materials, Greek, Latin, and Italian, are expected shortly from Cardinal Mai. These are quite unconnected with the volumes al ready published.

ST. MARY'S CHURCH, NOTTINGHAM. The persevering exertions of Mr. Cottingham have been successful in upholding the venerable and majestic tower of this church, from the state of which it was feared the church would become a ruin. In making these arrangements, the screen erected in 1839 has necessarily been removed; and in examining the roof, the timbers are found to be so much decayed, from the effect of the false plaster ceilings, as to make it necessary to remove them also, in order to repair the beams and rafters. These operations have disclosed large portions of architectural beauty, hitherto concealed or disfigured, both in the chancel and the nave; but which it is now hoped may be restored to the excellence of the original design. In digging out the ground to ascertain the depths of the foundations of the four great piers, beneath the two western ones, have been discovered a series of richly carved capitals and bases, unquestionably portions of the original church. The position of the capitals has been reversed, the columns have been broken into fragments, and used to form the foundation on which these piers rest. They are placed upon the mould, several feet above the sandstone-rock on which the noble and massive fabric of the church stands. The ornaments are the interlaced Norman, terminated with the Romanesque honeysuckle, or lotus, of large size, and of excellent workmanship. As it is impossible to remove these interesting relics, casts have been taken, for the purpose of preserving some memorial of them.

ST. PETER'S NEW CHURCH, NEWCASTLE,

Two stained glass windows have been recently placed in the New Church of St. Peter, Newcastle, the work of Mr. Wailes, of that town. One is in the chancel, and contains the figures of the Apostles St. John and St. James the Greater. As this

part of the church contains six windows, of two lights each, the opportunity is presented of depicting the twelve apostles. The unavoidable want of an east window will be, in a great measure, supplied by a large historical picture on which an artist of ability is at present engaged. The other specimen of Mr. Wailes's art is an obituary window, to the memory of the late Vicar of Newcastle, the first of the kind, it is believed, in the diocese. The

Archdeacon of Northumberland, at his late visitation, very judiciously recommended this species of memorial, which forms at once a pious testimony to the departed, and a rich and appropriate ornament to the building where it is placed, and thus makes the indulgence of affectionate regret on the part of the survivors subservient to the permanent decoration of the house of God. The window is about seventeen feet in height, by nearly six feet in breadth, of the decorated style of the early part of the fourteenth century, and consists of three lights, surmounted by three quatrefoils. In the

highest quatrefoil is represented the Annunciation of the blessed Virgin, and in the two lower ones, the Adoration and offering of the Magi to the infant Saviour. In the centre light the principal figure is our Lord holding in his hands the emblems of universal dominion, and in the other two lights stand St. Peter and St. Andrew, each of the brothers being marked by his proper ecclesiastical distinction. Below the principal figure is a representation of the late Vicar, in stole and surplice, kneeling before a litany desk, and on each side are two angels bearing scrolls, on which is inscribed, out of the vulgate, Quod cogitasti domum ædificare nomini meo, bene fecisti hoc ipsum mente tractans. At the foot of the window, and running continuously through the thrée lights, is the following inscription:-In piam memoriam patris desidera tissimi Joannis Dodd, Novi Castri super Tinam per XIV. annos Vicarii, cujus consilio, patrocinio, ope hæc Sancti Petri Ecclesia ædificari cœpta est, A. S. MDCCCXL. fenestram hancce picturatam sua impensa ponendam curavit, A. S. MDCCCXLII. Gulielmus Dodd, Ecclesia Sancti Andreæ in eodem municipio Curator Perpetuus. The window is placed at the extremity of the south aisle; and whilst it is most creditable to the skill and ability of Mr. Wailes, it forms, at the same time, a remarkably interesting feature of the internal decoration of the building. The Church is just completed, and there is but one opinion concerning it, that, for beauty and correctness of architecture, it is not surpassed by any church of the same dimensions in the North of England. Nearly one-half of the whole accommodation, which is adapted for 1,200 persons, is to be devoted to the gratuitous use of the poor.

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES. Feb. 2. Henry Hallam, esq. V.P. The Right Hon. Lord Thurlow was elected a Fellow of the Society.

Albert Way, esq. Director, communicated some curious instances of sepulchral brasses found to be engraved upon both sides; one of which, lately noticed at Hedgerley in Buckinghamshire, is especially remarkable. A plate, which commemorated an abbot of Bury, and which must have been removed from his tomb only at the spoliation of that church in 1539, was used in the following year upon the tomb of Margaret, wife of Edward Bulstrode, esq. buried at Hedgerley. Some of the instances of these " palimpsest brasses have been noticed in our Magazine, vol. XIV. p. 611, XV. 270.

The Very Rev. Dr. Butler, Dean of Peterborough, made a communication relative to various Roman Antiquities discovered at Gayton, co. Northampton, in a field called the Warren. They consist of some brass coins, a silver fibula, and a dancing Cupid, in bronze,31⁄2 inches high, and of beautiful design.

George Godwin, jun. esq. F.R.S. and S.A. made a communication, containing further remarks in continuation of a former paper, respecting the marks left by the masons on the buildings of the middle ages. It was accompanied by drawings of several marks found about the churches of Cologne, as well as at other places.

Feb. 9. Lord Viscount Mahon, V.P. Hudson Gurney, esq. V.P. communicated a roll of the swan-marks used on the river Ouse in Suffolk in the reign of Elizabeth.

A communication was read from Mr. C. R. Smith, embodying a report by the Rev. E. G. Walford, on a recent discovery at Marston Hill, Northamptonshire. In an excavation extending over a nearly square area of about 95 feet by 65, were exhumed a large number of skeletons, with which were a variety of circular and cruciform bronze and gilt fibulæ, beads of amber and glass, and instruments of war, together with urns containing burnt bo nes which have fallen into the hands of several persons, but principally into those of Sir Henry Dryden, Bart. and Mr. Severne ; the greater portion of which was exhibited to the society by Sir H. Dryden. Mr. Smith considers these remains to belong to the early Anglo-Saxon period.

Mr. W. Chaffers, jun. communicated the discovery of part of a coffin-lid in Purbeck marble, near St. Bartholomew's Church, Smithfield. It is adorned with a cross flory. The inscription, in Nor

man French, of which only the beginning and termination are preserved, is to the memory of HWE DE HEN..... ALME EIT MERCI, Possibly the Prior Hugh who is mentioned by Dugdale as having been elected prior in 1295, but whose surname is not recorded.

J. Y. Akerman, esq. F.S.A. described the discovery of five sepulchral urns in a tumulus in Iffing's Wood, about two miles south-east of Canterbury, which, from their extremely rude fabric and the total absence of ornaments or implements of war, the writer considers may probably be assigned to the Britons after their defeat by Cæsar, the site of whose victory over Cassibelaunus must be fixed to this district, or its immediate vicinity. It was also remarked that this interment bears a striking difference in every point of view from those recently investigated by Mr. Akerman and Lord A. Conyngham on the Breech and Barham Downs, which are proved to be of much later periods.

Feb. 16. Lord Viscount Mahon, V.P. The following gentlemen were elected Fellows of the Society: George Stevenson Ellis, esq. of the Bullion office, Bank of England; John Nicholl, esq. of Islington; John Tulloch, esq. of Montagu Place; and the Rev. Samuel Blois Turner, M.A. of Halesworth, Suffolk.

William Bromet, esq. M.D. F.S.A. communicated some remarks on a cromlech at Lochmariacker in Britany, previously noticed by the Rev. J. B. Deane in the 25th volume of Archæologia, and by other authors, but which contains a remarkable inscription in characters or symbols which have not yet been decyphered, nor hitherto correctly represented.

Dr. R. H. Allnatt, F.S.A. communicated an account of the discoveries made in opening three of the four tumuli, denominated the" Cross Barrows," on the downs near East Ilsley, Berks, by Mr. W. Hewett, jun. of Compton. The first tumulus examined contained a human skeleton, deposited in an oblong cavity formed in the chalk, and covered by mould. It was lying on the back in the direction of N.E. and S.W., the head pointing to the N.E. The heels were drawn up towards the hips, the right leg was elevated and crossed over the left; an iron javelin was deeply transfixed in the interior part of the left hip bone, which had probably. caused the warrior's death. The height of this skeleton was 6 ft. 2 in. The skull and left tibia were fractured, the teeth perfect, and worn down by attrition. The remains of inferior animals were in the grave, so often found in the tombs of

British chiefs. The second tumulus contained six human skeletons, of gigantic proportions. They were covered by only one foot of earth. The skulls all fractured. One of the skeletons measured 6 ft. 4 in., and the average height of the whole above 6 ft. Unbaked pottery, fragments of urns, a small copper pin, and pieces of ochre of various colours, were also found. These circumstances point out this tumulus as being of a more recent date than the one above mentioned. The third tumulus contained a solitary human skeleton, lying cross-legged in an oblong cavity of the chalk. A curved iron weapon, 7 in. long, was by its side, and another smaller one about 11⁄2 in. in length. At the feet were two iron studs and the umbo of a shield, the size of a common cocoa-nut, having on its apex a globular knob, and at the extremity a projecting rim. Fragments of unbaked pottery, ornamented with zig-zag dots, and other designs, and a well executed brass buckle were also found. It is supposed by the author that these individuals were Britons who flourished during the century which elapsed between the arrival of Cæsar and the final subjugation of South Britain, A. D. 19.

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. Jan. 26. The President, Professor H. H. Wilson, in the chair.

John Hampden, esq. James Cove Jones, esq. David Henry, esq. and W. Sandys Wright Vaux, esq. were elected Members, and Senor Don Gustavus Lorick, Envoy Plenipotentiary from his Swedish Majesty at the Court of Madrid, Senr. Don Basilio Sebastian Castellanos, President of the Archæological Society of Spain, and Senr. Don Vicente Bertran de Lis y Rives, of Valencia, were elected Associates.

The Rev. H. Christmas, M.A. F.R.S. read an address to the Society from the President and Council of the Archæolo. gical Society of Spain, offering the services of the Society in the promotion of numismatic science.

Mr. C. R. Smith exhibited a secondbrass coin from the cabinet of H. Vint, esq. lately found in Colchester. It is of Antoninus Pius, rev. 'Britannia," and differs from the usual type of that emperor, with this reverse, the head being radiated instead of laureated.

The President then read an elaborate paper addressed to him by Lieut. A. Cunningham, of the Bengal Engineers, on the ancient coinage of Kashmir, with chronological and historical notes, and illustrated with numerous drawings of coins, many of them unpublished.

Most of the coins described were found by Lieut. Cunningham, since 1839, at Bij-Bihára, one of the oldest towns in Kashmir. They form a series more extensive than any yet known, being, in fact, the coinage of an independent state for fifteen centuries, and add considerably to the mass of oriental numismatic information published by the late Mr. James Prinsep.

The earliest coins which the author attributes, with certainty, to the kings of Kashmir, belong to the first Indo-Scythian Princes, OHPKI, Hoerki or Hushka, and KANHPKI, Kanerki or Kanishka. They were Buddhists, and founded cities named after themselves, of which Hushkapur was existing so late as A.D. 958, and Kanishkapur exists to the present day.

The

It is curious, the author observes, that the silver coinage, which is so common with the Bactrians, should altogether cease with the Indo-Scythians; and, vice-versâ, that the gold coinage, of which only two specimens of the Bactrians are now known, should become so common with their successors. This subject seems elucidated by the following facts, recorded by the author of the Periplus of the Erythræan Sea, (about 63 A.D.) first is, that Roman denarii, both of gold and silver, were exchanged with advantage against the gold coin of Lydia called Kaltis. No Indian silver coinage is mentioned, but the want of a silver currency is fully explained by the second fact, which is, that the drachmas of Apollodotus and Menander were even then current at Barygaza. This last fact most satisfactorily accounts for the non-existence of Indo-Scythian silver coinage, and also for the present abundance of the drachmas of Menander, many of which were found at Jelalabad, and used as card counters by the officers in Affghanistan !

The description of the coins of which sketches were exhibited to the meeting, was prefixed by a revised chronological list of the sovereigns of Kashmir from the Christian æra, in which the received chronologies of Professor Wilson* and Mr. Prinsept are, in some points, altered.

With the drawings of coins was exhibited a sketch of a stone figure of Parvati, the wife of Siva, found amongst the ruins near the Sárnáth tope, near Benares. This figure, both with respect to position and costume, seems identical with that on several of the coins, where, in the European fashion, a female richly