Sinuated, sinuatum. Cut into sinuses, the divisions not being very deep. Cobea scandens.

Lobed, lobatum. Cuts very deep.

Two-lobed, bilobatum.

Three-lobed, trilobatum. And so forth.

3. Duration.

Persisting, Nectarium persistens. Remaining after the ripening of the fruit. Cobea scandens.

Vanishing, evanescens. Becoming smaller as the fruit ripens, and disappearing at last. Saxifraga hypnoides.

NECTARIFEROUS FLAKES.

Laminae nectariferæ, Glandulæ nectariferæ. Small rounded flakes, performing the office of nectaries. Cotyledon and some other crassulaceæ, Crambe, Biscutella and other cruciferæ, Hypericum Ægyptiacum, Xylophylla montana, Jatropha panduræfolia.-Tilia alba.

APPENDAGES TO THE FLOWER.

Nectaria Linnæus, Appendicula florum. All those anomalous integuments or organs, not included in the beforementioned parts; some of which appear to be abortive organs; others to be destined for the secretion of peculiar juices; and a third set to be formed for the sake of variety, and of affording means to distinguish the several races and families of vegetables; so that a polytheist who should consider the work of creation to be performed by subordinate agents, under the inspection of The Supreme, might reasonably infer them to be mint marks for each agent to recognize his own handywork.

Spur, Calcar, Productum, Nectarotheca,-centhrum. A hornlike or tubular projection of one of the floral integuments; as of the calyx, Balsamine; of the corolla, Linaria; or of the perigonium, Orchidea: it generally contains a nectariferous gland.

Bunch, Gibbositas. A very short and obtuse spur.

Cornet, Hood, Helmet, Cornu, Capulum, Galea. Broad spurs resembling the articles mentioned.

Perapetalum, Nectarilyma. Any appendages attached to the corolla or its petals. Menyanthes.

Peraphyllum. Any appendages attached to the calyx, Scutellaria; or to the perigonium, Soda.

A kind of

Crown, Cup, Corona, Scyphus, Paracorolla. corolla placed within the real corolla, or corollalike perigonium. Narcissus.

Parapetala. Apparent petals seated within the true petals. Helleborus. They appear to be abortive stamens. Parastades. Barren filaments, composed of cells in divers rows, situated between the petals and the stamens. Passiflora, Sparmannia.

Nectaristigmata. Coloured spots at the base of the petals. Papaver.

Scales, Squamæ. Small appendages to flowers.

Periphyllia, Appendices. Scales surrounding the ovary.

Gramineæ.

Lamella. Scales, or petal-like appendages upon the corolla. Silene, Nerium, Oleander.

Parastyli, Prosphyses. Abortive or imperfect pistills, mixed with the perfect ones.

Paracarpium. An abortive or imperfect ovary; or that part of a male flower where the ovary would be placed, if it were hermaphrodite.

Parastamina. Abortive stamina, or parts which resemble stamina, but do not perform their office.

Perisporum. Filaments surrounding the ovary. Cype

raceæa.

Lepisma. A membranaceous or slightly fleshy scale at the base of the ovary. Pæonia, Aquilegia vulgaris: these appear to be in some cases abortive stamens, in others expansions of the receptacle, which latter sometimes entirely surround the ovary. Pæonia Moutan papaveracea.

Sarcoma. A fleshy part, of various shape, either surrounding the ovary, or placed near it. Cobra.

Urceolus, Perigynium. A small cartilaginous, or membranaceous bladder, surrounding the ovary, and open at top, to let the style pass through. Carex. Some call this a nectary, although it does not secrete a nectareous juice; others a corolla, although it is seated within the stamens; others a capsule, although it is no part of the pistill or fruit; others a lodicule.

Hood, Stylotegium. A hollowing out of the united filaments of the stamens, covering the ovary like a hood. Asclepiadeæ.

Saccus, Corona, Stylotegium. Filaments of the stamens united together. Stapelia.

Horns, Cornua. The hornlike appendages by which the stylotegium is terminated. Stapelia.

Beak, Rostrum. Cornu clavatum. The upright points of the horns. Stapelia.

Wing, Ala, Appendix. A compressed appendage on the back of the stylotegium. Stapelia.

Tongues, Lingula. Appendages from the bottom of the stylotegium, alternating with the horns, and resting upon the corolla. Stapelia.

Shield, Scutum. A circular disk surrounding the stylotegium. Stapelia.

FRUIT.

Fructus,-carpon. The ovary

arrived at its maturity.

General Distinctions.

Simple, Fructus simplex. Coming from a single ovary. Cerasus.

Compound, compositus, multiplex. Arising from several ovaries, all belonging to the same flower. Rubus.

Aggregated, aggregatus. Arising from several ovaries originally belonging to different flowers. Morus.

Autocarpicus. Growing without adhering to any organs, or being covered by them."

Heterocarpicus. Conjoined to other parts that alter its

appearance.

Pseudocarpicus. Hidden by the surrounding parts, which appear to constitute the fruit itself.

TGymnocarpicus. Naked, without any cover. Cerasus. Angiocarpicus. Enclosed in a cover, either a cupule, Quercus; aggregated bracteæ, Pinus, Larix; or an involucrum, Compositæ.

Carpelle, Carpellum, Chorion. The separate parts of a compound fruit arising from each ovary.

Carpidium. The separate fruits, in an aggregated fruit, that arise from each flower.

Pericarp, Pericarpium, Conceptaculum seminum. That part of the fruit that contains the seeds.

Induvice, Induvice florales, Folliculi. Parts of the flowers that remain and accompany the pericarp.

PSEUDOSPERMIC FRUITS.

Naked seeds, Fructus pseudospermi, Fructus carcerulares, Semina nuda. Simple fruits, not opening of themselves when ripe, containing only a single seed, or at most but few, and having the pericarp so exactly joined to the seed, that the latter appears to have only its own covers.

CARIOPSIS.

Seed, Grain, Cerio, Cerium. Fruit simple, dry, one seeded, with the pericarp strictly united to the proper covers of the seed. Gramineæ. Pl. 13, fig. 1, 2 and 3.

Globular, Cariopsis globulosa. Panicum Italicum. Roundish, subrotunda. Zea Mays, Holcus succulentus. Oblong, oblonga. Triticum.

Grooved, canaliculata. Hollowed out in a groove. Triticum, Secale, Avena, Hordeum.

¶ Beaked, rostrata. Having a kind of beak or point at top, the remains of the style. Phleum pratense.

Two-beaked, birostrata. Having two points or beaks at top. Briza, Ehrharta panicea.

Enveloped, induviata, glumellá tecta. Enveloped in a persistent glumelle. Oryza sativa. Naked, nuda. Zea Mays.

AKENIUM.

Seed, Achæna, Achenium, Akena, Acenium, Cypsela. Fruit simple, one-seeded, usually dry, the pericarp more or less intimately united with the proper covers of the seed, and with the tube of the calyx. Compositæ. Pl. 13, fig. 4, 5, 6.

Egglike, Akenium ovoideum. Balliera.

Reverse egglike, obovoideum. In form of an egg, the small end being the basis. Hippophæstum vulgare, Onopordum vulgare, Polymnia.

Topshape, turbinatum. Galardia, Agriphyllum, Galinsaga triloba.

Three-sided, trigonum. Baltimora.

Compressed, compressum. Flattened sideways. Careopsis, Zinnia, Silphium, Bellis.

Bent, curvatum. Tragopogon pratense, Calendula.
Angular, angulatum. Sigesbeckia.

Winged, alatum. Having a thin, broad edge. Achillea millefolia, Ximenesia encelioides.

¶ Drupe-like, drupeolatum. Having a succulent sarcocarp resembling that of a drupeole, Clibadium.

Pappous, papposum, lanuginosum. The edge of the top having hairs or bristles, the remains of the limb of the calyx. Taraxacum vulgare, Lactuca, Carduus, Senecio, Inula, Aster.

Awned at the tip, apice aristatum. Having awlshape awns at the tip. Coreopsis, Bidens.

Two-horned, bicorne. Having two hornlike points at top. Silphium.

Chaffy at the tip, apice paleaceum. Having at top small scales or chaffs, not sufficiently numerous to form a pappus. Helianthus.

Two-chaffed, bipaleaceum.
Three-chaffed, tripaleaceum.

Fringed at the tip, apice ciliata. With hairs like eyelashes. Echinops.

Margined at top, apice marginatum. Having a membranous ring round the edge of the tip. Cotula, Tanacetum Matricaria vulgaris, Anthemis tinctoria, Pyrethrum inodorum.

Notched at top, apice emarginatum. Silphium' Encelia. Narrow-necked, colliferum. Narrowed at top, and surrounded by a pappus. Taraxacum.

Bald, unarmed, calvum, muticum. Having neither pappus nor any other remains of the calyx. Lapsana communis, Hippophæstum vulgare, Tanacetum, Artemisia, Anthemis, Leucanthemum vulgare.

The calyx sometimes forms a double crown of two dif ferent kinds.

Collum.

Stipes, Pedilis. The narrow elongated tip of the akenium, destined to support the pappus.

Pappus.

Lanugo. The limb of the abortive calyx that surmounts the akenium in many plants. Pl. 13, fig. 5.

Sessile, Pappus sessilis. When the limb of the calyx which forms the pappus is not contracted at bottom. Hieracium, Sonchus, Centaurea, Carduus, Senecio, Erigeron Cineraria. Pl. 13, fig. 5.