N° 8. when he heard that it was only put off for eight days, rejected the favour, and said, All.nry endeavours have • been to keep myfelf from mounting this beast, and ⚫ from the shame of being feen naked; but fince things are come thus far, let the fentence proceed; which will be lefs than the fears and apprehenfions. I fhall have in thefe eight days enfuing. Befides, I fhall not ⚫ need to give further trouble to my friends for intercef• fion on my behalf, which is likely to be as ineffectual as what hath already paffed.' After he had faid this, the afs was whipped forward, and Aguire ran the gantlet according to the fentence. The calm manner in which he refigned himself, when he found his dilgrace muit be, and the fcorn of dallying with it under a sufpenfion of a few days, which mercy was but another form of the governor's cruelty, made it visible that he took comfort in fome fecret refolution to avenge the affront.

After this indignity, Aguire could not be perfuaded (though the inhabitants of Potocfi often importuned him from the fpirit they faw in him) to go upon any military undertaking; but excufed himfelf with a modelt fadnefs in his countenance, faying, I hat after such a shame as his was, death must be his only remedy and confolation; which he would endeavour to obtain as foon as poffible.'

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Under this melancholy he remained in Peru, until the time in which the office of Efquivel expired. After which, like a defperate man, he purfued and followed him, watching an opportunity to kill him, and wipe off the fhame of the late affront. Efquivel being informed of this defperate refolution by his friends endeavoured to avoid his enemy, and took a journey of three or four hundred leagues from him, fuppofing that Aguire would not purfue him at fuch a diftance. But Efquivel's flight did but increase Aguire's speed in following. The first journey which Efquivel took was to the city of Los Reyes, being three hundred and twenty leagues diftant; but in lefs than fifteen days Aguire was there with him. Whereupon Efquivel took another flight, as far as to the city of Quito, being four hundred leagues diftant from Los Reyes; but in a little

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more than twenty days Aguire was again with him: which being intimated to Efquivel, be took another leap as far as Cozco, which is five hundred leagues from Quito; but in a few days after he arrived there, came alfo Aguire travelling all the way on foot, without fhoes or stockings, faying That it became not the "condition of a whipped rafcal to travel on horfeback, or appear amongst men. In this manner did Aguire haunt and purfue Efquivel for three years and four months; who being now tired and wearied with fo many long and tedious journeys, refolved to fix his àbode at Cozco; where he believed that Aguire would fcarce adventure to attempt any thing against him, for fear of the judge who governed that city, who was a fevere man, impartial and inflexible in all his proceedings; and accordingly took a lodging in the middle of the street of the great church, where he lived with great care and caution, wearing a coat of mail under his upper coat, and went always armed with his fwordand dagger, which are weapons not agreeable to his profeffion. However, Aguire followed hither alfo; and having in vain dogged him from place to place, day af ter day, he refolved to make the attempt upon him in his own houfe; which he entred, and wandered from room to room, till at last he came to his ftudy, where Licenciado lay on a couch afleep. Aguire tabbed him.. with his dagger with great tranquillity, and very leifarely wounded him in other parts of the body, which were not covered with his coat of mail. He went out of the. houfe in fafety; but as his refentment was fated, he now began to reflect upon the inexorable temper of the governor of the place. Under this apprehension he had not«^ compofure enough to fly to a fanctuary, which was near ! the place where he committed the fact; but ran into the treet, frantic and distracted, proclaiming himself a criminal, by crying out, Hide me, hide me.

The wretched fate and poor behaviour of Licenciado, in flying his country to avoid the fame perfon whom he had before treated with fo much infolence, and the high resentment of a man fo inconfiderable as Aguire, when much injured, are good admonitions to little fpirits in exalted stations, to take care how they treat brave men i in low condition.

In tantas brevi creverant opes, feu maritimis feu terreftribus fructibus, feu multitudinis incremento, feu fanditate difcipline.

Liv.

They rofe in a fhort time to that pitch of wealth and grandeur, by means of an extensive commerce both by Jea and land, by an increase of the peeple, and by the rigour of their laws and discipline.

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ANY of the fubjects of my papers will confist of fuch things as I have gathered from the conver. fation, or learned from the conduct of a gentleman who has been very converfant in our family, by name Mr Charwell. This perfon was formerly a merchant in this city; who, by exact œconomy, great frugality, and very fortunate adventures, was about twenty years fince, and the fortieth year of his age, arrived to the estate which we ufually call a plumb. This was a fum fo much beyond his first ambition, that he then refolved to retire from the town, and the bufinefs of it together. Ac. cordingly he laid out one half of his money upon the purchase of a nobleman's estate, not many miles diftant from the country-feat of my Lady Lizard. From this neighbourhood our first acquaintance began, and has ever fince been continued with equal application on both fides. Mr Charwell vifits very few gentlemen in the country: his most frequent airings in the fummer time, are vifits to my Lady Lizard: and if ever his affairs bring him up to town during the winter, as foon as thefe are difpatched, he is fure to dine at her house, or to make one at her tea table, to take her commands for the country.

I fhall hardly be able to give an account how this gentleman has employed the twenty years fince he made the purchase I have mentioned, without firft defcribing the conditions of the eltate.

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The estate then confifted of a good large old house, a park of 2000 acres, 8000 acres more of land divided in, to farms; the land not barren, but the country very thin of people, and these the only consumers of the wheat and barley that grew upon the premisses; river running by the house, which was in the centre of the eftate, but the fame not navigable, and the rendering it navigable, had been opposed by the generality of the whole country; the roads exceffive bad, and no poffibi lity of getting off the tenants corn, but at fuch a price of carriages as would exceed the whole value when it came to market; the underwoods all destroyed, to lay the country open to my Lord's'pleasures; but there was indeed the lefs want of this fewel, there being large coalpits in the estate, within two miles of the houfe; and fuch a plenty of coals as was fufficient for whole counties. But then the want of water-carriage made these also a mere drug, and almost every man's for fetching. Many timber trees were still standing only for want of chapmen, very little being used for building in a country fo thin of people; and thofe at a greater distance being in no likelihood of buying pennyworths, if they must be at the charge of land-carriage. Yet every tree, was valued at a much greater price than would be given for it in the place: fo was every acre of land in the park; and as for the tenants, they were all racked to extremity, and almost every one of them beggars. All these things Mr Charwell knew very well; yet was not difcouraged from going on with his purchafe..

But, in the first place, he refolved, that a hundred in family fhould not ruin him, as it had done his predeceffor therefore, pretending to diflike the fituation of the old house, he made choice of another at a mile distance higher up the river, at a corner of the park; where at the expence of 4 or 5000 I. and all the ornaments of the old house, he built a new one, with all the convenient offices, more fuitable to his revenues; yet not much larger than my Lord's dog kennel, and a great deal lefs than his Lordship's ftables.

The next thing was to reduce his park. He took down a great many piles, and with these inclosed only 200 acres of it near adjoining to his new houfe. The

relt he converted to breeding cattle, which yielded greater profit.

The tenants began now to be very much diffatisfied with the lofs of my Lord's family, which had been a conftant market for great quantities of their corn; and with the difparking fo much land, by which provifions were likely to be increased in fo difpeopled a country. They were afraid they must be obliged themfelves to confume the whole product of their farms, and that they hould foon be undone by the economy and frugality. of this gentleman.

Mr Charwell was fenfible their fears were but too juft; and that if neither their goods could be carried off to diftant markets, nor the markets brought home to their goods, his tenants must run away from their farms.. He had no hopes of making the river navigable; which was a point that could not be obtained by all the intereft of his predeceffor, and was therefore not likely to be yielded up to a man who was not yet known to the country. All that was left for him, was to bring the market home to his tenants, which was the very thing he intended be-fore he ventured upon his purchase. He had even then projected in his thoughts the plan of a great town jaft below the old houfe: he therefore presently fet himself about the execution of this project.

The thing has fucceeded to his wish. In the space of twenty years, he is fo fortunate as to fee 1000 new houfes upon his estate, and at least 5000 new people, men women, and children, inhabitants of those houses; who are comfortably fubfifted by their own labour, with out charge to Mr Charwell, and to the great profit of his tenants.

It cannot be imagined that fuch a body of people can be fubfifted at less than 51: per head, or 25,000l. per ans num; the greatest part of which fum is annually expended for provifions amongst the farmers of the next adjacent lands: and as the tenants of Mr Charwell are neareit of all others to the market, they have the best prices for their goods by all that is faved in the carriage.

But fome provifions are of that nature, that they will not bear a much longer carriage than from the extreme parts of his lands; and I think I have been told, that