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DEEP SEABED HARD MINERALS

HEARINGS

BEFORE THE

SUBCOMMITTEE ON OCEANOGRAPHY

OF THE

COMMITTEE ON

MERCHANT MARINE AND FISHERIES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

NINETY-THIRD CONGRESS

ON

H.R. 9, H.R. 7732

BILLS TO PROVIDE THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR WITH AUTHORITY TO PROMOTE THE CONSERVATION AND ORDERLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE HARD MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE DEEP SEABED, PENDING ADOPTION OF AN INTERNATIONAL

REGIME THEREFOR

MARCH 1, 28, 29, APRIL 3, 1973

H.R. 12233

A BILL TO PROMOTE THE CONSERVATION AND ORDERLY DEVELOPMENT OF HARD MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE DEEP SEABED, PENDING ADOPTION OF AN INTERNATIONAL REGIME RELATING THERETO

FEBRUARY 26, 27, 28, 1974

Serial No. 93-27

Printed for the use of the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries

31-659

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1974

8

COMMITTEE ON MERCHANT MARINE AND FISHERIES

LEONOR K. (Mrs. John B.) SULLIVAN, Missouri, Chairman

FRANK M. CLARK, Pennsylvania
THOMAS L. ASHLEY, Ohio
JOHN D. DINGELL, Michigan
THOMAS N. DOWNING, Virginia
PAUL G. ROGERS, Florida

FRANK A. STUBBLEFIELD, Kentucky
JOHN M. MURPHY, New York
WALTER B. JONES, North Carolina
ROBERT L. LEGGETT, California
MARIO BIAGGI, New York
GLENN M. ANDERSON, California
E (KIKA) DE LA GARZA, Texas
PETER N. KYROS, Maine
RALPH H. METCALFE, Illinois
JOHN B. BREAUX, Louisiana
FRED B. ROONEY, Pennsylvania
BOB ECKHARDT, Texas

PAUL S. SARBANES, Maryland
BO GINN, Georgia

GERRY E. STUDDS, Massachusetts
DAVID R. BOWEN, Mississippi

JAMES R. GROVER, JR., New York
WILLIAM S. MAILLIARD, California
CHARLES A. MOSHER, Ohio
PHILIP E. RUPPE, Michigan

GEORGE A. GOODLING, Pennsylvania

PAUL N. MCCLOSKEY, JR., California
GENE SNYDER, Kentucky

ROBERT H. STEELE, Connecticut
EDWIN B. FORSYTHE, New Jersey

PIERRE S. (PETE) DU PONT, Delaware
WILLIAM O. MILLS, Maryland 1
WILLIAM S. COHEN, Maine

TRENT LOTT, Mississippi
DAVID C. TREEN, Louisiana
JOEL PRITCHARD, Washington
ED YOUNG, South Carolina
DON YOUNG, Alaska 2

ROBERT E. BAUMAN, Maryland 3

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355

407

453

Ary, T. S., vice president, Union Carbide Exploration Corp., appear-

ing on behalf of the American Mining Congress -

Boettcher, Robert, consultant from the Subcommittee on International
Organizations and Movements_

366

Brower, Charles N., Acting Legal Adviser, U.S. Department of State.

Burgess, C. H., vice president, exploration, Kennecott Copper Corp.,

appearing on behalf of the American Mining Congress---

Center of Concern Toward Global Justice in the Exploitation of the

Seabeds.

Corbett, J. Elliott, director, Department of Church/Government
Relations, Board of Church and Society of the United Methodist
Church

Dubs, Marne A., chairman, Committee on Undersea Mineral Re-
sources, American Mining Congress, and director, Ocean Resources
Department, Kennecott Copper Corp-.

Dugger, John A., Deputy Director, Law of the Sea, Task Force,
Office of the Assistant Secretary for International Security Affairs,
U.S. Department of Defense..

Elliott, Pierce, Assistant Solicitor, International Law, Department of

the Interior..

Finlay, Luke W., on behalf of American Petroleum Institute__

Flipse, John E., president, Deepsea Ventures, Inc...

187

66, 409

15

Goldie, L. F. E., professor of law, director, international legal studies
program, Syracuse University.

99

144

Statement of-Continued

Levering, Samuel R., secretary, Save Our Seas-The U.S. Committee for the Oceans

Page

175, 471

Logue, Dr. John J., World Order Research Institute, Villanova
University---

Meeker, Leonard C., representing the Environmental Policy Center,
the Friends of the Earth, the Natural Resources Defense Council,
and The Sierra Club_.

Moore, Dr. John Norton, Counselor on International Law, U.S.
Department of State, Chairman, National Security Council, Inter-
agency Task Force on Law of the Sea, and Deputy Special Repre-
sentative of the President for the Conference on the Law of the
Sea___.

Pollock, Howard W., Deputy Administrator, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce-
Ratiner, Leigh S., Director of Ocean Resources, Office of the Assistant
Secretary for Mineral Resources, U.S. Department of the Interior..
Roels, Dr. Oswald A., chairman, Biological Oceanography, Lamont-
Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University, and
professor, City Institute of Oceanography - -

Savit, Carl H., vice chairman, National Ocean Industries Association,
and senior vice president, Western Geophysical Co. of America,
Houston, Tex____

151

487

15, 371

15, 371

15

195

445

Wilson, Hon. Bob, a Representative in Congress from the State of
California

407

World Association of World Federalists..

151

Worthington, Howard, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Trade, Department of the Treasury

371

Additional material submitted by

Ary, T. S.:

Developing Deficits in U.S. Primary Mineral Demands......---
Preliminary Provisions for Domestic Legislation for the Interim
Period.

269

292

Statement of American Mining Congress, with Respect to Work-
ing Paper of the Draft United Nations Convention on the
International Seabed Area---

285

Brower, Charles N.: Prepared statement__.
Burgess, C. H.: Prepared statement_____

Downing, Hon. Thomas N.:

24

304

Article from the Washington Post of April 3, 1973: U.S. Presses
on Seabed Pact.

322

Article from the Wall Street Journal of December 17, 1973: Law
of the Sea: Enough's Enough..

364

Article from the Congressional Record of December 20, 1973:
Deep Ocean Floor Hard Minerals Act--- -

365

Goldie, L.F.E.: International impact statements and the conservation
of the ocean environment_.

117

Kennecott Copper Corp.:

News Release-Ocean Mining R. & D. Program Announced_._.
Ocean Mining Fact Sheet.

Kilmarx, Dr. Robert A.: Prepared statement_

Moore, John Norton: Prepared statement..

Petersen, Nancy P., and John R. Justus: Deep-Sea Hard Minerals:
Background Analysis for Legislation__-
Ratiner, Leigh S.: Prepared statement_
Roels, Dr. Oswald A.:

Cruise report R/V Conrad 15–10, July 1972–Baseline Observa-
tions of Physical, Chemical, and Biological Parameters in a
Manganese Nodule Area in the North Atlantic (Bermuda Rise)..
Literature Review of Biological and Chemical Properties of the
Sea Floor and the Water Column in Manganese Nodule Areas..
Monitoring of a Manganese Nodule Mining Test by an Airlift
Pumping System (Blake Plateau July-August 1970)_.
Prepared statement.

213

200

232

198, 484

243

Report of Our Monitoring of Continuous Line Bucket Dredge
Manganese Mining Test in the North Pacific During August
and September 1972__.

443

443

458

61

333

36

Additional material submitted by-Continued

Sharood, Richard N.:

Article from the New York Times of January 9, 1974: Subter-
ranean Politics_.

Page

396

Article from the Science Magazine Raw Materials: U.S.
Grows More Vulnerable to Third World Cartels.

397

Article from the Washington Post of February 8, 1974: State
Doubts Imitation of Cartel in Oil_...

400

State Department:

Answers to questions of Mr. Heyward..

388

Raw materials other than oil as economic weapons against the
United States and other major consumers

391

Communications submitted for the record

Barkenbus, Jack N., letter of March 18, 1974, to Subcommittee on
Oceanography with paper entitled "International Implications of
Manganese Nodule Mining".

503

Brandel, Roland E., letter of March 15, 1974, to Hon. Thomas N.
Downing-

500

Dubs, M. A.:

Letter of April 6, 1974, to Representative Thomas N. Downing
with suggested detailed changes to H.R. 12233_
Letter of April 8, 1974, to Hon. Thomas N. Downing with a paper:
Comment on an Alternative Approach to Reciprocity and
Security of Investment Utilizing the Consortia Approach to
Multinational Cooperative Activity and Based Upon National
Access to Marine Product__.

431

512

Finlay, Luke W., letter of April 9, 1973, to Hon. Thomas N. Downing..
Flipse, J. E.:

323

Letter of March 12, 1974, to Hon. Thomas N. Downing-
Goldie, L. F. E.:

410

Letter of April 23, 1973, to Hon. Thomas H. Downing with a
proposed additional provision to the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral
Resources Act_.

330

Hargis, William J., Jr., letter of March 19, 1973, to Hon. Thomas N.
Downing-

149

Houseman, C. T., letter of March 29, 1973, to Hon. Thomas N.
Downing

318

Moody, O. William, Jr., letter of March 26, 1973, to Hon. Thomas N.
Downing.

320

Overton, J. Allen, Jr., letter of April 12, 1972, to Robert M. White...
Ryan, William F., letter of April 11, 1973, to Hon. Thomas
N. Downing-

311

327

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