the Bringer-up, and will be of great use in preparing and exercising of the soldiers in the practice of their arms and order. For it is not intended that the whole Companies should be drawn together to be exercised. But that upon Sundays after evening prayer and upon holy days (as it hath been formerly used for the Bow) the Leader, Bringer-up, or Middle-men should exercise together with the whole file, or such a part as dwells most convenient for him. And further that once in a month or six weeks, the Captain, Lieutenant, or Ancient may (with the knowledge of the Deputy Lieutenant that dwells next him) upon a holy day exercise a squadron of his Company, or the whole, as shall seem good to the Deputy Lieutenant. "The like form for the Horse: But it is to be observed that the files of horse are never to be above six, but distinguished by the names of Leader, Bringer-up, and two Middle-men; and to be doubled to three deep upon occasion."—Instructions for Musters and Arms, 1631.-RUSHWORTH, part 2, vol. 2, appendix, pp. 137, 138. “A SPECIAL care and order must be taken that all those that find a man to serve on horseback, whether they find the horse or the man, or both, must not change the horse or man, at their pleasure: for so it would be every day to practise a new man, or a new horse, and the exercise be made vain. But they must take into consideration, that the man and horse designed to the service of the King, hath (by the intention of the law) been dedicated so to the interest of the King, as they must always be in readiness at the call of the King's officers, and may not be changed without the knowledge and consent of the Captain, or Deputy Lieutenant next adjoining, or by warrant of the Lord Lieutenant. And this with this only limitation, that another sufficient man or horse be supplied in the room of the man or horse made deficient, for a just cause well approved of."—Instructions for Musters and Arms, 1631.-RUSHWORTH, part 2. vol. 2, appendix, p. 138. Alliances. "ALLIANCES," said Sir Benjamin Rudyard, "do serve well to make up a present breach, or mutually to strengthen those states who have the same ends. But politic bodies have no natural affections; they are guided by particular interest; and beyond that are not to be trusted."-RUSHWORTH, part 3, vol. 1, p. 381. Laud. "AMONGST the Papists there is one acknowledged supreme Pope; supreme in honour, order, and in power, from whose Mr. Chairman, I cannot altogether match a judgement there is no appeal. I confess, Pope with a Pope (yet one of the ancient titles of our English Primate was, Alterius Orbis Papa), but thus far I can go, ex ore suo,—it is in print; he pleads fair for a Patriarchate; and for such a one whose judgement he (beforehand) professeth ought to be final, and then I am sure it ought to be unerring. Put these together, and you shall find that the final determination of a Patriarch will want very little of a Pope,and then we may say, mutato nomine de te Fabula narratur. He pleads Popeship under the name of a Patriarch; and I much fear lest the end and top of his patriarchal plea, may be as that of Cardinal Pole his predecessor, who would have two heads, one Caput Regale, another Caput Sacerdotale; a proud parallel, to set up the Mitre as high as the Crown. But herein I shall be free and clear: if one there must be (be it a Pope, be it a Patriarch,) this I resolve upon for my own choice, procul à Jove, procul à fulmine: I had rather serve one as far off as Tiber, than to have him come so near as the Thames. A Pope at Rome will do me less hurt than a Patriarch may do at Lambeth."— Sir Edward Dering.-RUSHWORTH, part 3, vol. 1, p. 55. Rigby against Mercy.-1640. "MR. SPEAKER, it hath been objected unto us that in judgement we should think of mercy; and be ye merciful as your Heavenly Father is merciful.' Now God Almighty grant that we may be so; and that our hearts and judgements may be truly rectified to know truly what is mercy : I say, to know what is mercy, for there is the point, Mr. Speaker. I have heard of foolish pity foolish pity! Do we not all know the effects of it? And I have met with this epithet to mercy, crudelis misericordia: and in some kind I think there may be a cruel mercy. I am sure that the Spirit of God said, Be not pityful in judgement; nay it saith, Be not pityful of the Poor in judgement; if not of the Poor, then à latiori, not of the Rich; there's the emphasis." -Mr. Rigby, 1640.-RUSHWORTH, part 3, vol. 1, p. 129. Irish Soldiers for Spain.-1641. 1641. "As for sending the Irish into Spain, truly, Sir, I have been long of opinion, that it was never fit to suffer the Irish to be promiscuously made soldiers abroad, because it may make them abler to trouble the State when they come home; their intelligence and practise with the Princes whom they shall serve may prove dangerous to that kingdom of Ireland.-Besides it will be exceedingly prejudicial to us, and to our religion, if the Spaniard should prevail against the Portugueze. It were better for us he should be broken into lesser pieces,— his power shivered. If the King of Portugal had desired the Irish soldiers, I should rather have given my vote for him than for the King of Spain, because it would keep the balance more even. Spain hath had too much of our assistance and connivance heretofore. I am sure it lost us the Palatinate. Now that it is come to our turn to advise, I hope we shall not do other men's faults over again." Sir Benjamin Rudyard.— RUSHWORTH, part 3, vol. 1, p. 382. Dering against the Remonstrance. "THIS Remonstrance," said Sir Edward Dering, "is now in progress upon its last foot in this house. I must give a vote unto it, one way or other. My conscience bids me not to dare to be affirmative. So sings the bird in my breast; and I do cheerfully believe the tune to be good. "This Remonstrance whensoever it passeth will make such an impression, and leave such a character behind, both of his Majesty, the People, the Parliament, and of this present Church and State, as no time shall ever eat it out whilst histories are written, and men have eyes to read them.-Mr. Speaker, this Remonstrance is in some kind greater and more extensive than an act of Parliament: That reacheth only to England and Wales; but in this the three kingdoms will be your immediate supervisors; and the greatest part of Christendom will quickly borrow the glass to see our deformities therein. "To what end do we decline thus to them that look not for it? Wherefore is this descension from a Parliament to a People? They look not up for this so extraordinary courtesy. The better sort think best of us: and why are we told that the people are expectant for a declaration? I did never look for it of my predecessors in. this place, nor shall do from my successors I do here profess that I do not know any "Mr. Speaker, when I first heard of a Remonstrance, I presently imagined that like faithful counsellors, we should hold up a glass unto his Majesty: I thought to represent unto the King the wicked counsels of pernicious counsellors; the restless turbulency of practical Papists; the treachery of false Judges; the bold innovations and some superstition brought in by some pragmatical Bishops and the rotten part of the clergy. I did not dream that we should remonstrate downward, tell stories to the People, and talk of the King as of a third person. The use and end of such Remonstrance I understand not: at least I hope I do not."-RUSHWORTH, part 3, vol. 1, p.425. wwwwwwww Dering, for an Endowed and Learned Clergy. one soul in all that county for which I have | haps sometimes meet together in one and the honour to serve, who looks for this at the same man; but seldom, very seldom, so your hands. seldom, that you scarce can find a very few among thousands rightly qualified in both. Nor is this so much the infelicity of our, or any times, as it is generally the incapacity of man, who cannot easily raise himself up to double excellencies. Knowledge in religion doth extend itself into so large, so vast a sphere, that many, for haste, do cut across the diameter and find weight enough in half their work: very few do or can travel the whole circle round.-The reason is evident. For whilst one man doth chiefly intend the pulpit exercise, he is thereby disabled for polemic discourses; and whilst another indulgeth to himself the faculty of his pen, he thereby renders himself the weaker for the pulpit.-Now, Sir, such a way, such a temper of Church government and of Church revenue I must wish, as may best secure unto us both; both for preaching to us at home, and for convincing such as are abroad. Let us be always sure of some Champions in our Israel, such as may be ready and able to fight the Lord's battle against the Philistines of Rome, the Socinians of the North, the Arminians and Semi-Pelagians of the West, and generally against Heretics and Atheists everywhere. God increase the number of his labourers within his vineyard, such as may plentifully and powerfully preach faith and good life among us. But never let us want some of these Watchmen also about our Israel, such as may from the everlasting Hills (so the Scriptures are called) watch for us and descry the common enemy, which way soever he shall approach. Let us maintain both pen and pulpit. Let no Ammonite persuade the Gileadite to fool out his right eye; unless we be willing to make a league with destruction, and to wink at ruin whilst it comes upon us.”—Sir Edward Dering, 10th Nov. 1641. - RUSHWORTH, part 3, vol. 1, p. 427. 66 "It is, I dare say, the unanimous wish, the concurrent sense of this whole house, to go such a way as may best settle and secure an able, learned, and fully sufficient ministry among us. This ability, this sufficiency, must be of two several sorts. It is one thing to be able to preach and to fill the pulpit well; it is another ability to confute the perverse adversaries of truth, and to stand in that breach. The first of these gives you the wholesome food of sound doctrine; the other maintains it for you, and defends it from such harpies as would devour, or else pollute it. Both of these are supremely necessary for us and for our religion. Both are of divine institution. The holy Apostle requireth both, both napakaλεῖν and ἐλέγχειν; first to preach, that he be able with sound doctrine to exhort; and then kaì rès avtiλéyovtas ¿λéyxe, and to convince the gainsayers, for saith he, there are many deceivers whose mouths must be stopt. "Now, Sir, to my purpose: These double abilities, these several sufficiencies, may per | Origin of the term Roundheads. "DEC. 27th, 1641.-There was a great and unusual concourse of people at and about Westminster, many of them crying out No Bishops! no Bishops! And the Bishop of Lincoln coming along with the Earl of Dover towards the House of Peers, observing a youth to cry out against the Bishops, the rest of the citizens being silent, stept from the Earl of Dover, and laid hands on him; whereupon the citizens withheld the youth from him, and about one hundred of them coming about his Lordship hemmed him in, so that he could not stir, and then all of them with a loud voice cried out No Bishops! and so let his Lordship the Bishop go. But there being three or four gentlemen walking near, one of them named David Hide, a Reformado in the late army against the Scots, and now appointed to go in some command into Ireland, began to bustle, and said he would cut the throats of those round-headed dogs that bowled against Bishops (which passionate expression of his, as far as I could ever learn, was the first minting of that term or compellation of Roundheads, which afterwards grew so general), and saying so, drew his sword, and desired the other gentlemen to second him: but they refusing, he was apprehended by the citizens, and brought before the House of Commons, and committed, and afterwards cashiered from all employment into Ireland."— RUSHWORTH, part 3, vol. 1, p. 463. The Border in Charles the Second's Reign. "THIS country," says ROGER NORTH, speaking of the Border in Charles the Second's reign, "was then much troubled with Bedlamers. One was tried before his Lord ship, for killing another of his own trade, whom he surprized asleep, and with his bragged that he had given him a sark full great staff knocked on the head; and then of sere benes, that is a shirt full of sore bones. He would not plead to the country, because there were Horsecopers amongst them, till the press was ready; and then he pleaded, and was at last hanged. They were a great nuisance in the country, frighting the people in their houses, and taking what they listed: so that a small matter with the countrymen would do such a fellow's business." — Life of Lord Keeper Guildford, vol. 1, p. 271. "HERE his Lordship saw the true image of a border country [between Newcastle and Hexham]. The tenants of the several manors are bound to guard the judges through their precinct and out of it they would not go, no, not an inch, to save the souls of them. They were a comical sort of people, riding upon negs, as they call their small horses, with long beards, cloaks, and long broad swords, with basket hilts, hanging in broad belts, that their legs and swords almost touched the ground: and every one in his turn, with his short cloak and other equipage, came up cheek by joul, and talked with my Lord Judge. His Lordship was very well pleased with their discourse; for they were great antiquarians in their own bounds."-ROGER NORTH, Life of Lord Keeper Guildford, vol. 1, p. 272. wwww Conspiracy against the Gentry in Cumberland. "IN Cumberland the people had joined in a sort of confederacy to undermine the estates of the gentry, by pretending a tenant right; which there is a customary estate. Tenantry in the Sixteenth Century. IN enquiring "into the particular causes of that influence which, independently on the general submission of the times to titles and station, the great nobles of the 16th century continued to possess over their vas not unlike our copyholds; and the verdict was sure for the tenant's right, whatever the case was. The gentlemen finding that all was going, resolved to put a stop to it, by serving on common juries. I could not but wonder to see pantaloons and shoulderknots crowding among the common clowns, but this account was a satisfaction."- RoGER NORTH, Life of Lord Keeper Guild-sals," DR. WHITAKER says, "much attenford, vol. 1, p. 273. tion to the policy of the Cliffords in the management of their estates enables me to pronounce that the first and principal of these causes was low rents and short leases. Their pecuniary receipts were trifling. They did not require in specie more than an eighth part even of what was then the value of their farms: the remainder they were contented to forego, partly for personal service, and partly for that servile homage which a mixed sense of obligation and dependance will always produce. "Besides, a farmhold was then an estate in a family. If the tenants were dutiful and submissive, their leases were renewed of course: if otherwise, they were turned Clergy in Craven during the Rebellion. "ONE circumstance in the ecclesiastical history of Craven," says DR. WHITAKER, "deserves to be remembered. There never was a period when the consciences of ecclesiastics were more harassed by impositions than in the civil wars of the last [the 17th] century; yet such was the flexibility of principle displayed by the incumbents of this Deanery, under all their trials, that not a name in the whole number appears in the catalogue of sufferers exhibited on the two opposite sides by Calamy and Walker. The surplice or the gown; the Liturgy or Direc-out, not, as at present, to a lucrative trade, tory; Episcopal, Presbyterian or Congregational government; a King, a Commonwealth or an Usurper; all these changes, and all the contradictory engagements which they imposed, were deemed trifling inconveniences in comparison of the loss of a benefice. A century before, from the time of the Six Articles to the final establishment of Protestantism under Queen Elizabeth, I have reason to think that the predecessors of these men were no less interested and compliant."-History of Craven, p. 7. Few Beggars.-1381. In the Compotus of Sallay for the year 1381, the item Pauperibus et Mendicantibus is “five shillings and three pence, less than a thousandth part of the income of the House."-WHITAKER's History of Craven, p. 52. Not that charity was wanting at Sallay, but that paupers and mendicants were few. or a tenement equally profitable on some neighbouring estate, but to the certain prospect of poverty and utter destitution. The tenantry of the present day neither enjoy the same advantages by retaining, nor suffer the same distress from quitting their tenements. A landlord, though the word has something of a feudal sound, is now considered merely as a dealer in land; and the occupier at rack-rent, when he has made his half-yearly payment, thinks himself as good as the owner."-History of Craven, p. 75. "THE consequence of the extreme lowness of rents was, that the landlords were poor and domineering, the tenants obliged and obsequious. It was also undoubtedly a principal inducement with the lords to retain such vast tracts of land in demesne." -WHITAKER'S History of Craven, p. 76-7. |