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15 And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.

16 Unto the woman he said, I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception; in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee.

318.

shall bruise thy. 7 thy. It is the 3d pers. masc. sing. fut. Kal of to bruise, or crush.

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319. shalt bruise his. ] his. Rule 39. n is the second pers. masc. sing. fut. Kal of . Our translators have rendered here in two instances the verbal affix as if a possessive, and suffixed to the following noun; in this they follow the Vulgate. Tremellius has huic calcaneum, and tibi caput. It has been doubted whether a verbal affix be in any case a possessive pronoun, except when with an infinitive or participle.

320.

עקב

heel. It is a root, and signifies to press, to supplant. As a particle, because, inasmuch as.

321. multiplying. n emphat. 7 infin. Kal; or part. Ben. Kal. Vide num. 19. 7 is the 1st pers. sing. fut. Kal. Hence 7 many. y thy labour. I thy. sy labour, travail. From ry to

322. labour.

323. and thy gestation. thy. I and. or gestation, from

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324. thou shalt bring forth. It is the 2d pers. sing. fem. fut. Kal of . It drops vide rule 89. T signifies to bear, or to beget, and the masculine 17 in Gen. vi. 4, should have been rendered, begat to themselves children. Roffens.

325. D sons. It is the plur. of a from 1 to build up. Postea 21. thy. son, and 1 and. '" my son.

326. pon thy desire. thy. n in regimine for . Vide rule 26. mpon from pp to desire earnestly. Rules 153. 189.

תשקוה

327. he shall govern. It is the 3d pers. sing. masc. fut. Kal of hup to rule.

328.

over thee. 2 is a prefix; vide rule 148. is a possessive suffix of either the masculine or fem. gender; vide rule 36.

לקול 289 אשתך 278 ותאכל 211 מן 212 העץ 58 אשר 40 צויתיך 329 לאמר 19 לא 159 תאכל 211 ממנו 212 ארורה 310 האדמה 115 בעבורך 330 בעצבון 322 תאכלנה 211 כל 97 18 ימי 18 חייך: 313 וקוץ 331 ודרדר 332 תצמיח 333 לך 135 19 ואכלת 211 את 4 עשב 55 השדה: 156 בזעת 334 אפיך 335 תאכל 21 לחם 336 עד 337 שובך 338 אל 47 האדמה 115 כי 25 ממנה 212 לקחת 339 כי 25 עפר 168 אתה 298 ואל 47 20 עפר 168 תשוב: 340 ויקרא 243 האדם 117 שם 190 אשתו 251 חוה 341 כי 25 הוא 192 היתה 342 אם 249 כל 97

.1st pers. sing צוותי for צויתי .Icommanded thee. | thee צויתיך 329 .102 Rule .צוה pret. Kal of

is termed a particle, because בעבור .on your account.thy בעבורך .330

of. From andy to pass away. But y seems rather a participial noun here, and also in Gen. xii. 13. 16. xviii. 26. 1 Sam. xxiii. 10, and Psal. cvi. 32.

331.

וקוץ

and thorns. I and. pp a noun from pp to wound.

332. 77771 and thistles. I and. 1717 from 7 to go about. Its seed is scattered abroad by the winds.

333.

pyn shall it produce. It is the 3d pers. fem. sing. fut. Hiphil of ney to bud.

יזע in construct. From זעה for זעת .in ב .in the sweat of בזעת .334

to exude.

335. TN thy face. thy. D for D'EN in construct. of . Vide num.

170.

336. Dh bread. From on to eat. Also food, fruit, flesh, bread-corn. 337. Tuntil. As a noun, futurity.

338. your return. your. is a noun, or the part. Ben. Kal of a to return.

339. thou wast taken. It is the 2d pers. sing. pret. Kal of пps

to take. Rule 93.

340. shalt thou return. 2d pers. m. sing. fut. Kal of to return. Rule 77. 98. 21n is the second person, and is a part of the malediction

17 And unto Adam he said, Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree of which I commanded thee saying, Thou shalt not eat of it; cursed is the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life:

18 Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee, and thou shalt eat the herb of the field.

19 In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread till thou return unto the ground, for out of it wast thou taken; for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.

20 And Adam called his wife's name Eve; because she was the mother of all living.

pronounced on Adam; but it embraced Eve; for otherwise death not being pronounced against her, she must have lived forever. It embraced also his posterity, or why should they die? If they were not to die, being a part of the original Adam, it would not be true that the whole of his dust should return to dust. But his posterity were embraced in the transactions with Adam. "Let us make man" &c. "And let them have dominion." "Be fruitful and multiply and replenish the earth and subdue it." "Behold I have given you every herb" &c.

341. Eve, life. From 'n to live. The reason here assigned, "because she was the mother of all living," seems to express rather the view of the writer, than of Adam. Whilst Adam and the woman were standing arraigned before the Creator for sin, it is probable that Adam was in expectation of immediate death, the language of the prohibition having been, " in the day thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die." The very first gleam of hope which he had, must have been gathered from the intimation, that the woman should have a seed, the necessary inference immediately presenting itself to his mind, that he should survive for a time, and have posterity. On this account in remembrance of the first consolation, he denominated her, who had been before called (Woman) n that is Life.

342. ' has been. 3d pers. sing. fem. pret. Kal of to be. into л, vide rule 102, and page 29, n.

343.living. A noun masc. life, living. 'n fem. the same, from

to live חיה

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21 חי: 343 ויעש * 38 יהוה 154 אלהים לאדם 117 ולאשתו 251 22 כתנות 345 עור 346 וילבשם: 347 ויאמר 19 יהוה 154 אלהים 3 הן 133 האדם 117 היה 20 כאחד 34 ממנו 212 לדעת 348 טוב 26 ורע 183 ועתה 349 פן 350 ישלח 351. ידו 352 ולקח 339 גם 277 מעץ 58 החיים 313 ואכל 305 23 וחי 353 לעלם: 354 וישלחהו 355 יהוה 154 אלהים 3

344. thy woman.thy. nus in construct. for us. Vide num. 236.

345. in coats of. Sing. is on a coat, from in to adhere. Rules

21. 26.

ערוה a cave, and מערה to strife. Hence ערה skin. From עור .346

nakedness.

347. D and clothed them. I and, convers. □ them. Rule 40. 4. 3d pers. masc. sing. fut. Kal of wh to clothe.

348. ny to know.to. ny for y to know. n is added, and rejected from infin. Kal. Rule 89. If ' had even a 1 prefixed, it would not be converted to a future; vide in rule V. of the note to num. 19. It is therefore certainly in the past tense. If ny was intended to mean no more than an infinitive, the needed not to have been prefixed to the word. But ny may be as well taken for the noun in regimine before ; in either way the true translation must be, to the knowledge of good. And the whole passage will read thus; Behold the man was as one of us, to the knowledge of good there is (or, he has added) also evil. Man now knows by sad experience evil, who being once holy like God, was then acquainted only with

* The verb ny is one of the most frequent words in the Hebrew language, and is variously rendered, e. g. to ordain, Num. xxviii. 6. to appoint, Psal. civ. 19. to prepare, Ezek. xlv. 22. to provide, 2 Chron. xxxii. 29. He prepared or provided for their covering by directing sacrifices. Or he might have ordained or appointed the skins of the animals which were to be offered in sacrifice, to be made into coats; we say the skins of sacrifices, because we know of no other use that was made of their flesh.

21 Unto Adam also, and to his wife, did the Lord God make coats of skins, and clothed them.

22 And the Lord God said, Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil; and now, lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the tree of life, and eat and live for ever,

23 Therefore the Lord God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from whence he was taken.

good. The sentence is obviously elliptical, and designedly so, for after every supposition, we neither know the design of the tree of life, nor what would have followed the eating its fruit.

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349. ny and now. I and, ny or ny a particle, now. ny a noun, time, season.

350. lest. A particle from 7 to turn, the turning, a corner. faces.

Hence

351.

shall dart forth. It is the 3d pers. masc. sing. fut. Kal of

.to send forth שלח

352. 17 his hand. 1 his. Rule 39. the hand, from 7 to reach. Plur. D'T

353. and live. 1 conversive.

is the 3d pers. pret. Kal for în

to live. final is dropt. Vide rule 102.

354. Dy for ever. prefix, aby to hide. As a noun, a young man, futurity. ay idem.*

*phy and by signify radically duration past, or to come, the commencement or termination of which lies concealed. They are often taken to express the eternity of God and his attributes; but are used to express time finite, indefinite, and infinite, and which of the three must be determined by the sense. They are usually rendered in the 70, by wy, and like it are used in the plural to signify ages in some passages, and in others the world. Vide Psal. lxxiii. 12. Eccles, iii. 11, and Heb. i. 2. xi. 3. This last text clearly proves the error of those, who would confine the word as always to signify in the New Testament, ages, states, or dispensations of things; for "the

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