THE HISTORY

OF THE

MOHAMMEDAN DYNASTIES IN SPAIN;

EXTRACTED FROM THE

NAFHU-T-TÍB MIN GHOSNI-L-ANDALUSI-R-RATTÍB WA TARIKH LISÁNU-D-DÍN IBNI-L-KHATTÍB,

BY AHMED IBN MOHAMMED AL-MAKKARÍ,

A NATIVE OF TELEMSAN.

TRANSLATED FROM THE COPIES IN THE LIBRARY OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM,

AND

ILLUSTRATED WITH CRITICAL NOTES ON THE HISTORY, GEOGRAPHY, AND ANTIQUITIES OF SPAIN, BY PASCUAL DE GAYANGOS,

MEMBER OF THE ORIENTAL TRANSLATION COMMITTEE, AND LATE PROFESSOR OF ARABIC IN THE ATHENEUM OF MADRID.

As'háb (companions)—Tábi's (followers)—Al-muneydhir-Hansh-Ibn Rabáh-'Abdullah Ibn

Yezíd-Hayyán-Al-mugheyrah—Hayat Ibn Rejá—'Iyádh Ibn 'Okbah-Spoils found at the time

of the conquest-Misappropriated by the conquerors-Zoreyk-Zeyd Ibn Kássed—Abú Zorʼah—

Mohammed Ibn Aus-'Abdu-r-rahmán Ibn Shamásah-Bekr Ibn Sawádah-'Abdullah Ibnu-l-

mugheyrah-Mansúr Ibn Khozámah-Abú-l-hasan Ibn 'Othmán

PAGE

1

CHAP. II.

Tárik-The sons of Wittiza-Mugheyth Ar-rúmí-His adventure with a Gothic princess-Goes

to the East-Returns to Andalus, and settles therein-Ayúb Ibn Habib-'Abdu-l-jabbár Ibn Abí

Salmah-'Abdullah Ibn Sa'id-Habib Ibn Abí 'Obeydah-Haywah Ibn Mulábis-'Othmán Ibn

Abí 'Abdah-'Abú-s-sabáh Al-yahssobí—Abú Zor'ah Ash-shámí-Zeyád Ibn An-nábighah

CHAP. III.

Arabian tribes settling in Andalus-'ADNA'N-Bení Háshim-Bení Umeyyah-Makhzúm-Fehr

-Kenánah-Hudheyl-Teym-Dhobbah-Kays 'Aylán-Thakíf-Rabi'ah-Ayád-Kahtta'n—

Arabs of Yemen-Hostile to the Bení Modhar-Azd-Ansár-Khazrej-Aus-Gháfek-Hamdán-

Mad'haj-Tayy-Morád-'Ans-Barrah-'A'milah-Khaulán-Ma'áfer-Lakhm-Jodhám-Kin-

dah-Tojíb-Khatha'm-The sons of Himyar-Dhú-ro'ayn-Dhú-assbah-Yahssob-Hawázen-

Kodha'ah-Huseyn-Kelb-Hadhra-maut-Salmán

CHAP. IV.

'Abdu-l-'azíz left as governor of Andalus-Marries Roderic's widow-Is put to death-Succeeded

by Ayúb-Al-horr-As-samh appointed-Is killed in battle-Succeeded by 'Abdu-r-rahmán Al-

gháfeki-Appointment of 'Anbasah-Rising of Pelayo-Death of 'Anbasah-'Odhrah is appointed

by the army-Replaced by Yahya Ibn Salmah-Arrival of Hodheyfah-'Okbah appointed by the

Wali of Africa-Invades the country of the Franks-Is succeeded by 'Abdu-l-malek

CHAP. V.

General rising of the Berbers in Africa-Kolthúm is sent against them-Is defeated and replaced

by Hondhalah-The Berbers of Andalus rise against the Arabs-They defeat 'Abdu-l-malek—The

VOL. II.

b

30

20

13

Syrians under Balj come to his assistance-They revolt against him-They take him prisoner-Put

him to death-The sons of 'Abdu-l-malek march against Balj-Balj is killed in the engagement-

The Syrians appoint Tha'lebah-Their wars with the Berbers-Arrival of Abú-l-khattár-Is defeated,

and taken prisoner-Makes his escape-Thuábah's nomination confirmed by the Wáli of Africa—

Battle of Shekundah-Death of Abú-l-khattár-The grandsons of Wittiza-Yusuf Al-fehrí is

appointed by the army-Several chiefs resist his authority-He defeats them in succession-Chro-

nology of the governors of Andalus

PAGE

40

BOOK V I.

CHAP. I.

Overthrow of the dynasty of Umeyyah-Death of Merwán, their last Khalif-'Abdu-r-rahmán

Ibn Mu'awiyah takes to flight-Is pursued by the emissaries of As-seffáh-Arrives in Eastern

Africa-Evades the search of the governor-Wanders through the country-Sends his freedman

Bedr to Andalus-A party is formed in his favour-The conspirators communicate their plans to

As-samíl-Answer made by that chieftain-The tribes of Modhar and Rabi'ah refuse to join them-

'Abdu-r-rahmán's party is daily strengthened-He embarks for Andalus-Lands at Almuñecar-

Preparations of Yusuf-Desertions in his camp-'Abdu-r-rahmán marches to Cordova-Gains the

battle of Musárah-Enters the capital-Starts in pursuit of Yúsuf-Obliges him to capitulate

58

CHAP. II.

'Abdu-r-rahmán invites the Bení Umeyyah to settle in Andalus-Names of those who left the

East-Rebellion of Yusuf-His defeat and death-As-samíl poisoned by 'Abdu-r-rahman's order-

Ibn Mughíth invades Andalus-Is defeated and put to death-Rebellion of the Yemenites-Heroic

act of 'Abdu-l-malek-Conspiracy against 'Abdu-r-rahmán discovered-Execution of his nephew

Al-mugherah-'Abdu-r-rahmán prepares to invade Syria-Rebellion of the Fátemí-of Hayyát

Ibn Mulábis-of Al-huseyn Ibn Yahya, governor of Saragossa-of Hasan Ibn 'Abdi-l-'azíz-

'Abdu-r-rahmán takes Berbers into his pay-Success of the Christians-Charlemagne asks for

peace-Building of the Rissáfah-of the great mosque-Character of 'Abdu-r-rahmán-His liberality

-His wit and eloquence-Ilis ingratitude towards Bedr, Abú 'Othmán, Khaled, and Temám-

Hájibs of 'Abdu-r-rahmán-Councillors-Kátibs-Kádís-Death of 'Abdu-r-rahmán

74

CHAP. III.

Accession of Hisham-His interview with an astrologer-His justice-Liberality—Wise adminis-

tration-Rebellion of Suleymán-Taking of Narbonne-Wars with the infidels-Expedition to

Galicia-To Alava-Rebuilding of the bridge of Cordova-Several Theologians leave Spain for the

East-They meet Málik Ibn Ans-Death of Hishám-Al-hakem ascends the throne-His uncles

rebel against him-Taking of Barcelona by the Franks-Wars with the Galicians-Revolt at

Cordova-Exemplary chastisement of the rebels-Death of Suleymán-Wars with the Christians

--Defeat of the Franks-of the Galicians-Dreadful famine-Death of Al-hakem-His government

- Respect for the learned

CHAP. IV.

Accession of 'Abdu-r-rahmán II.-Invasion of Galicia-of Alava-Defeat of Alfonso-'Abdu-r-

rahmán marches against the Galicians-Invasion of Cerdagne-Death of Garcia of Navarre-

Taking and destruction of Leon-Greek ambassadors arrive in Cordova-Account of Yahya Al-

ghazzal-Piratical expeditions of the Northmen-Arrivals from the East-Account of Zaryab the

singer-His reception-He becomes a favourite of 'Abdu-r-rahmán-Improves the lute-Death of

Yahya Ibn Yahya Al-leythí-of 'Abdu-l-malek Ibn Habíb-Their labours in introducing the sect

of Málik-Death of 'Abdu-r-rahmán-Revenues of Andalus under his reign-His passion for

women-His adventure with Tarúb-Accession of Mohammed I.-His wars with the Christians—

with the rebels of Toledo-Earthquake in Cordova-Death of Mohammed-His son Al-mundhir

ascends the throne-Is killed in battle with 'Omar Ibn Hafssún-Succeeded by his brother 'Abdullah

-Death of 'Abdullah

PAGE

113

CHAP. V.

Accession of 'Abdu-r-rahmán-Invasion of Galicia-of Navarre-of Alava-Theuda, Queen of

Navarre-Battle of Al-handik—Defeat of the Moslems-Ample revenge taken by 'Abdu-r-rahmán

-Christian nations court his friendship-Greek ambassadors arrive in Cordova-Other embassies

-Reception of the Greek embassy-Conspiracy against 'Abdu-r-rahmán's life detected-Execution

of his son 'Abdullah-Conquests in Africa-Death of 'Abdu-r-rahmán-Revenues of Andalus under

his reign-Buildings erected by him-Assumes the title of Khalif-Character of 'Abdu-r-rahmán—

Anecdote of his justice-Account of Mundhir Al-bolúttí-of Kásim Ibn Asbagh-His Hájib and

Wizírs-Present made to An-násir

133

CHAP. VI.

Accession of Al-hakem II.-Ceremonies attending his proclamation-Appointment of a Hájib-

Al-hakem's wars with the Christians-Piratical incursions of the Northmen-Ordoño IV. visits

Cordova-Preparations made by the Khalif for his reception-Ordoño introduced to the royal

presence-His address to Al-hakem―The Khalif's answer-Arrival of ambassadors from Catalonia

-and from Navarre-The Countess of Castile arrives at court-Transactions in Africa-Settlers in

Andalus under his reign-Al-hakem's love of science-His passion for books-Library founded by

him-Notice of literary men living at his court-Character of Al-hakem-His death

156

CHAP. VII.

Accession of Hishám II.-Conspiracy in favour of his uncle Al-mugheyrah detected-Execution

of Al-mugheyrah-Origin of Al-mansúr-Administration of Ja'far Al-mus'hafí—Intrigues of Al-

mansúr-His alliance with Ghálib-who is appointed Hájib-Al-mus'hafí falls into disgrace-Is

imprisoned and put to death-Al-mansúr's disagreement with Ghálib-Death of that chief-

Al-mansúr seizes the treasures of Hisham-Takes Berbers into his pay-Builds himself a castle-

Usurps the royal power-Campaigns of Al-mansúr against the Christians of Andalus-Destruction

of Leon-Transactions in Africa-Taking of Barcelona-Zeyrí Ibn Menád sends an embassy to

Cordova-Visits that capital-Returns to Africa-Quarrels with Al-mansúr-Is forcibly dis-

possessed of his government-Dies in exile-Campaigns in Andalus-Invasion of Galicia—March

of the Mohammedan army-Taking and destruction of Santiago-Death of Al-mansúr

175