self into a skiff with a single eight-pounder, | and sailed for the rock on which the place is situated. He landed and immediately summoned the commander to surrender, telling him that the French had brought all their artillery with the determination of reducing the fortress. "But, captain," said the commander, thrown off his guard, "you have not fired a single shot against the citadel; at least do me the honour to salute it, otherwise I cannot surrender to you." Auvergne immediately returned to his skiff and brought his eightpounder to play, which was answered by a shower of bullets. He then returned, and the keys of the citadel were delivered to him. In the course of the Spanish campaign he made eight or nine thousand prisoners, and rendered himself master, among other places, of the extensive foundries of Eguy and ObeyRetie. Peace was concluded between France and Spain on the 22nd of July, 1794. In the following year Auvergne embarked at Bayonne with the intention of returning to France, but the vessel was captured by the English, and he remained a prisoner in England until 1796. On his return to France, he found his place in his regiment filled up, a report having been circulated that he was dead. The value of his commission was paid him in assignats, and he retired to the village of Passy on a pension. This pension he transferred to a poor family; and soon afterwards quitted his retirement, under circumstances truly characteristic of his noble and generous nature. M. Lebrigant, a man of letters of much merit, advanced in years, was dependent on an only son eighteen years of age: this youth was summoned to join the army under the conscription. Auvergne no sooner heard of the painful situation of M. Lebrigant, who was his friend, than he hastened to the Directory, and asked permission to supply the young man's place, whom he thus restored to his father. His destination was the army of the Rhine, with which he continued until the treaty of Campo Formio, which was signed in 1797. He retired from service for a short time, and then joined his old comrades during the operations in Switzerland. Ill health compelled him once more to seek retirement, but before the close of the century he again offered his services. As he declined any other rank than that of captain, Napoleon conferred upon him in the month of May, 1799, the title of First Grenadier of France. This distinction was communicated to him through Carnot, then Minister of War, and was accompanied by a sabre of honour. Auvergne at this time served in the forty-sixth demi-brigade, which formed part of the army of the Danube, under the command of General Moreau. After the passage of the Danube the French gained several victories over the enemy, and made themselves masters of Swabia and part of Bavaria. The Austrian general, Kray, was closely pursued, and on the 27th of June, 1800, the division of the French army, under the command of Lecourbe, came up with him at the village of Oberhausen, near Neuburg. A furious conflict took place. In the midst of the fight, Auvergne attempted to seize one of the enemy's standards, but received a thrust from a lance which pierced him to the heart. His last words were "I die contented-I desired so to end my life." He was buried with his colonel and twentyseven officers on the spot on which he perished. By the unanimous desire of his comrades, his heart was deposited in an urn and carried by a fourrier at the head of his company at each roll-call the sergeant commenced with the name of Auvergne, to which the fourrier replied, "Dead on the field of honour." By a decree of the Consuls, his sword of honour was suspended in the church of the Invalids, then called the temple of Mars, and the urn in which his heart was enclosed was, after some time, deposited in the Pantheon. On the restoration of the Bourbons, this urn was claimed and held by a family of the same name as the deceased, but by a decree of the Cour Royale, passed early in the year 1837, it has been ordered to be delivered up to a family named Kersausie. Three monuments have been erected to his memory; one on the height behind Oberhausen, raised by his grenadiers in a single day, another in the city of Carhaix in 1801, and the third in the same neighbourhood in the year 1841. Many anecdotes are extant respecting Auvergne. They show a singular consistency of character, and justify the numerous eulogiums that have been passed upon him for modesty, bravery, disinterestedness, and magnanimity. The affection of his soldiers shielded him effectually against the revolutionary fury which, in the midst of his exertions for France, would have sacrificed him as a noble. He is said to have borne a striking resemblance both in features and character to his grand uncle, the Marshal de Turenne. The comparison is rather in favour of Auvergne than otherwise: he was never beaten in battle; never faltered in his fidelity to the republic; and never deserted his colours. So much cannot be said of the marshal. It is true Auvergne never was at the head of an army, but as commander of eight thousand grenadiers, his post was far from unimportant. The short periods of leisure which were enjoyed by Auvergne were devoted to philological and antiquarian researches. He was familiar with all the languages of Europe. In 1792, he published at Bayonne, in 8vo., "Nouvelles Recherches sur la langue, l'origine, et les antiquités des Bretons, pour servir à l'histoire de ce peuple. Par M. L. T. D. C., Capitaine au 80° régiment d'Infanterie." He Biographie Universelle." He was educated under the superintendence of his uncle, who was probably an ecclesiastic. In 1728 his uncle died, and D'Auvigny went to Paris. In the capital he became known as a man of pleasure and cultivated intellect. Patronised by the Abbé Guyot des Fontaines and M. d'Hozier, he assisted both of these writers in their publications, and at the same time wrote several original works-romance, hisalthough now not much esteemed, seemed to flow from his pen with an easy grace, and D'Auvigny might have risen to literary distinction had he chosen to cultivate his powers, and not sacrifice too much of his time to pleasure. It appears that D'Auvigny was married, but to whom or at what time is uncertain. His circumstances were easy, if not affluent, and his society was much courted. At length, however, he grew tired of the gaieties of Paris, and, not being sufficiently devoted to literature, resolved to enter the army. The French and English were at the time engaged in hostilities; D'Auvigny became attached to a company of light horse, and lost his life at the battle of Dettingen, on the 27th of June. 1743. It is said that he was ambitious of writing an autobiography, and that his ostensible object in becoming a soldier was to add an additional charm to the future narrative of his life. is said to have become dissatisfied with his work, and to have suppressed many of the copies. To this work is added "Précis historique sur la ville de Kéraës" (Carhaix), the foundation of which he attributes to the Roman general Aetius, about A. D. 436. This précis had appeared in the " Dictionnaire de la Bretagne" of Jean Ogée, but is here corrected and enlarged by reflections on the means of extending the commerce and prosperity of the city. According to the Bio-tory, and biography. These productions, graphie Universelle and Quérard, a second edition of the "Nouvelles Recherches" appeared in 1795, in 8vo. In 1797, they were republished under the title "Origines Gauloises, celles des plus anciens peuples de l'Europe, puisées dans leur vraie source; ou, Recherches sur la langue, l'origine et les Antiquités des Celto-Bretons de l'Armorique, pour servir à l'histoire ancienne et moderne de ce peuple et à celle des Français," Paris, 8vo. At the end of this work is a "Glossaire Polyglotte; ou, tableau comparatif de la descendance des langues." This glossary only extends through letter A, being, as the author states in his preface, a sketch of a larger work (probably that mentioned hereafter), the materials for which were however prepared. Another edition of the "Origines Gauloises" was published at Hamburg, in 1801, 8vo., "augmentée d'une notice historique," by Mangourit. The object of this work is to prove that the Gauls have been known under the name of Celts, Scythians, and CeltoScythians; that their language is preserved in Brittany, and that the Bas-Bretons are their descendants; that traces of their language are found in those of various nations of Europe and Asia, amongst which the Celts or Gauls made settlements; and that it is to the Celts or Gauls that the Greeks and Romans are indebted for their worship, and the greater number of their customs. The manner in which Auvergne has treated his subject is spoken of in terms of high approbation by those who have examined his book critically. He left behind him in manuscript, a "Dictionnaire Breton-GalloisFrançois," and a Glossaire Polyglotte" of forty-five languages, in which he compares the Breton with the other antient and modern languages. His life has been written by Roux, Lecoz, and recently (in 1841) by Buhot de Kersers. (Rabbe, Biographie des Contemporains; Arnault, Biographie des Contemporains; Memoir, by Villenave, in the Portraits et Histoire des Hommes utiles, publiés par la société Montyon et Franklin, 331-350; Quérard, La France littéraire ; Remarques sur les Origines Gauloises, par J. B. Roux, in Millin's Magasin encyclopédique, iv. année, i. 524, &c.). J. W. J. AUVIGNY, JEAN DU CASTRE D', was born of a good family in the Hainault, about the year 1700 or later, but scarcely as late as 1712, the year mentioned in the His writings, alphabetically arranged by Quérard, are-1. "Amusements historiques," 2 vols. Paris, 1735, 12mo. 2." Anecdotes et Recréations historiques," Paris, 1736, 12mo. 3." Anecdotes galantes et tragiques de la Cour de Néron," Paris, 1735. In the Privilege this work is said to be composed by Dellery; but it is attributed by some to Constant d'Orville, and by others to the Abbé Desfontaines; the Abbé himself, however, in his "Observations sur les Ecrits modernes," gives it to D'Auvigny. 4. “ Aventures d'Aristée et de Télasie, histoire galante et héroique," 2 vols. Paris, 1731, 12mo. Some copies of the same date bear the title "Les Voyages et Aventures d'Aristée et de Thelasie, par Madame D***" 5. "Aventures du Jeune Comte de Lancastel," Paris, 1728, 12mo. Although this is ascribed to D'Auvigny by the Abbé Lenglet, it was most probably written by De Vergy. 6. "Histoire de France et Histoire Romaine, par demandes et par réponses, nouvelle édition" (the third), 2 vols. Paris, 1749, 12mo. The first edition was only in one volume, containing the History of France. The "Bibliothèque Historique de France" mentions D'Auvigny as the author of the edition of 1729, and the Abbé Guyart as author of the additions in the subsequent editions, although the title declares that they were by the Abbé Desfontaines, who had a principal share in the work. It is probable, 66 however, that the Abbé Guyart and Desfontaines were the same person mentioned in the narrative above as the Abbé Guyot des Fontaines. 7. "Histoire de la Ville de Paris," 5 vols. Paris, 1735, 12mo. The first four volumes by D'Auvigny and Desfontaines, the fifth by L. J. de la Barre, who revised the whole work. 8. "L'Histoire et les Amours de Sappho de Mytilène, avec une Lettre qui contient des Réflexions sur les Accusations formées contre ses mœurs, par Madame D***,” Paris, 1724, 12mo.; also at the Hague, 1743, 12mo. 9. "Melchukina, ou Anecdotes secrètes et historiques," Amsterdam (Paris), 1736, 12mo. 10. Mémoires de Madame de Barnevelt," 2 vols. Paris, 1735, 12mo.: revised by the Abbé Desfontaines. 11. " Mémoires du Comte de Comminville," Paris, 1735, 12mo. 12. "La Tragédie en prose, ou la Tragédie extravagante, comédie en un acte et en prose," Paris, 1730, 12mo. 13. "Vies des Hommes illustres de la France, avec la continuation par Perrau et Turpin, depuis le commencement de la Monarchie," 27 vols. Paris, 1739-57, 12mo. Of this work D'Auvigny wrote altogether ten volumes: the first eight appeared during his lifetime; the ninth and tenth were a posthumous publication. (Moréri, Grand Dictionnaire Historique; Biographie Universelle; Quérard, La France Littéraire.) G. B. AUVITY, JEAN ABRAHAM, was for many years surgeon of the Hôpital des Enfans Trouvés at Paris. He was also a member of the College and of the Royal Academy of Surgery, and had a high reputation for skill in treating the diseases of children. He died at an advanced age in 1821. The present reputation of Auvity is founded on two prize essays published in the "Histoire de la Société Royale de Médecine de Paris," vol. ix. Paris, 1790, for the years 1787, 1788. The first is entitled "Mémoire sur la Maladie aphtheuse des Nouveaux-nés, connue sous le nom de Muguet, Millet, Blanchet, &c." It assisted greatly, together with the essay of Dr. Sauponts, which obtained the first prize offered by the Society for essays on the subject, in drawing attention to this disease, a kind of epidemic malignant thrush, which is apt to prevail among children of a few months old when crowded together in hospitals. The second essay is called "Mémoire sur la question, Rechercher quelles sont les Causes de l'Endurcissement du tissu cellulaire auquel plusieurs Enfans nouveauxnés sont sujets:" it obtained the first prize offered by the Society, and contains numerous observations in illustration of the opinions of Auvity's colleague Andry, by whom the disease was first clearly described. [ANDRY, C. L. F.] Besides these, Auvity wrote a short "Mémoire sur l'Hospice de la Maternité," which was read before the Society of Medicine, and published in their "Recueil Pé | riodique," tom. iii. 1797, p. 165; it contains an account of an establishment, then recently adjoined to the Hôpital des Enfans-trouvés, for poor lying-in women, who might afterwards serve as nurses both to their own children and some of the foundlings, among whom there had previously been a terrible mortality for want of proper nurses. (Dictionnaire Historique de la Médecine; Auvity, Works.) J. P. AUVRAY, FELIX, a French historical painter of Paris, where he died in 1833, aged only thirty-three. He was one of the most distinguished scholars of Baron Gros. Gabet mentions the following pictures by him:-St. Louis prisoner; Gautier de Châtillon defending St. Louis against the Saracens ; the Spartan Deserter; and St. Paul at Athens. The Art-union of Douai decreed Auvray a medal of honour, but it arrived at his house during the ceremony of his funeral. Another painter of this name, PHILIPP PETER JOSEPH AUVRAY, was born at Dresden in 1778. He studied first with Casanova, and, after his death, with Schenau, of whose pictures he made copies. He made copies also of some of the best pictures in the Dresden gallery, and painted portraits in oil and in miniature. He died in 1815. (Gabet, Dictionnaire des Artistes, &c.; Nagler, Neues Allgemeines Künstler Lexicon.) R. N. W. | AUVRAY, JEAN, was born about the year 1590. The place of his birth is not stated; his profession also is uncertain. In some laudatory verses prefixed to his "Banquet des Muses" he is styled "Poeticæ nec non chirurgica disciplinæ hujus temporis facile princeps," which would lead to the conclusion that he was a surgeon; but he is also called advocate of the parliament of Normandy (Rouen) in Beauchamp's "Recherches sur les Théâtres de France" and Parfait's "Histoire du Théâtre François." Whatever his profession may have been, poetry appears to have chiefly occupied his attention. The events of his life are not recorded, and he is said to have died before the 19th of November, 1633. His works are-1. "Discours Funèbre sur la Mort d'Henri de Bourbon, Duc de Montpensier," with "Stances Consolatoires à Madame la Duchesse de Montpensier sur le Trépas de son Mari," &c. Rouen, 1608, 8vo. 2. "L'Innocence découverte, tragi-comédie," Rouen, 1609, 12mo.: printed again in 1628. The edition of 1609 was printed without any title, and Parfait has asserted, erroneously, that it is a different work from the "Innocence découverte." 3. "Trésor Sacré de la Muse Sainte," Amiens, 1611, 8vo., and Rouen, 1613, 8vo. This work, which is dedicated “to the virtuous princesses, the Damoiselles de Longueville and d'Etouteville," comprises sonnets, stanzas, "L'Amant Pénitent," "Chants royaux sur la conception de la Sainte Vierge," and many minor pieces upon sacred subjects. The author asserts that from his youth he J. W. J. had always loved sacred poetry, and exclaims in 1665 and 1666, 12mo. Martin de Barcos loudly against those who pervert the art by published a work at Paris in 1644, 8vo., applying it to profane purposes. All this, under the assumed name of Auvray, entitled however excellent in itself, contrasts strangely "Censure d'un Livre que le P. J. Sirmond with the language and sentiments of the a publié, et qu'il a intitulé Prædestinatus."" "Banquet des Muses." Either Auvray held (Le Long, Bibliothèque Historique de la consistency in little estimation, or he must France, i. 905, &c.; Barbier, Examen Crihave changed his opinions very much for the tique des Dictionnaires; Liron, Singularités worse between the publication of his Trésor | Historiques et Littéraires, i. 473—477.) Sacré and the composition of the satires contained in his "Banquet." 4. " Poëmes d'Auvray, præmiez au Puy de la Conception," Rouen, 1622, 8vo. 5. " Triomphe de la Croix," Rouen, 1622, 8vo. 6. "Le Banquet des Muses, ou les divers Satyres du Sieur Auvray: ensemble est ajoutée l'Innocence découverte, tragi-comédie, par le même auteur," Rouen, 1628, 8vo.; published again in 1633, under the title "Banquet des Muses, ou Recueil de Satyres, Panégyriques, Yambes, Mascarades, Epitaphes, Epithalames, Gayetez, Amourettes, et autres poëmes profanes." Auvray admits, in his dedicatory epistle, that this collection contains scurrilous and comic poems; upon which Goujet remarks, that he ought to have added indecent and obscene. Gaillard, in his "Monomachie," characterizes a great portion of the poetry of Auvray by the line" Auvray, ce gros camard, plaide pour les suivantes." Other editions of the "Banquet" appeared in 1631 and 1636. 7. "La Madonte, tragi-comédie," Paris, 1631, 8vo. 8. "La Dorinde, tragi-comédie," Paris, 1631, 8vo. 9. "Euvres Poëtiques du Sieur Auvray," Paris, 1631, 8vo. 10. "Euvres Saintes," Rouen, 1634, 8vo. This collection was edited by David Ferrand, the friend of the author, and was printed by him in compliance with the dying request of Auvray. Many pieces are inserted in this collection which had appeared previously. Auvray's poems possess much merit; but the not infrequent excellencies, both of style and matter, are more than counterbalanced by the coarseness and indelicacy of expression which prevail throughout. (Beauchamps, Recherches sur les Théâtres de France, ii. 82; Parfait, Histoire du Théâtre François, iv. 414, 494, 520; Goujet, Bibliothèque Françoise, xv. 318-327; Brunet, Manuel du Libraire, edit. 1842.) J. W. J. AUVRAY, JEAN, Prior of Saint Odon de Bossets, was born at Montfort l'Amaury, near Paris, towards the end of the sixteenth or beginning of the seventeenth century, and died on the 19th of July, 1661. His principal works are-1. "La Vie de Jeanne Absolu, dite de Saint Sauveur, religieuse de Fontevrauld," Paris, 1640, 4to. This work was reprinted several times: the last edition appeared in 1670. 2. "L'Enfance de Jésus et sa Famille, honorée en la Vie de Sainte Marguerite du St. Sacrement," Paris, 1654, 8vo. 3. "Pratiques de Piété de l'Eglise Catholique, conformes l'esprit et aux desseins de l'Eglise," &c. Paris, 1651, 12mo.; also AUVRAY, LOUIS MARIE, was born at Paris on the 12th of September, 1762, and was bred to the law; but on the breaking out of the French revolution he entered the paid national guard. Thence he passed into the 104th regiment, and after serving with much credit with the army of the North and in Italy, was promoted to the colonelcy of the 40th regiment of infantry. He was afterwards appointed Préfet of the department of Sarthe, in which office he devoted much attention to the statistics of his department, and published a work entitled "Statistique du Département de la Sarthe," 8vo., Paris, 1802; a volume of 254 pages, which is considered one of the best works of the kind. He was deprived of his prefecture in 1814 by the emperor; but on the accession of Louis XVIII. he was raised to the rank of majorgeneral, and decorated with the order of St. Louis. He died at his house near Tours, on the 12th of November, 1833. (Biog. Univ. Suppl.) T. E. M. AU'WERA, JOHAN GEORG WOLFGANG VON, a sculptor of the eighteenth century, mentioned by Jack, who terms him an Italian of noble birth. He was educated in Rome, but settled in Würzburg in Bavaria, where he was court-sculptor; and he died there in 1756. He executed several monumental works for the cathedrals of Mainz, Bamberg, and Würzburg. The same writer mentions a FRANZ AUWERA, likewise a sculptor, who was probably a son of the above, for he was born near Würzburg, about the middle of the eighteenth century. He learned sculpture first from a Bamberg artist, and afterwards from Roman Anton Boos, then court-sculptor at Munich; and he died there, in the Herzog Joseph's Spital, in the early part of this century. (Jäck, Leben und Werke der Künstler Bambergs.) R. N. W. AUXCOUSTEAUX. [ARTHUR AUX COUSTEAUX.] AUXENTIUS, Bishop of Milan during the middle of the fourth century, was born in Cappadocia, about A.D. 310. Nothing is known of his early life, except that he was an active and useful supporter of Gregory, the Arian Bishop of Alexandria, during the second exile of Saint Athanasius; and that Gregory rewarded him for his services with priest's orders about the year 342 or 343. Throughout the Arian controversy, Auxentius distinguished himself as an oppo nent of the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity During the reign of Valentinian, several attempts were made to procure the deposition of Auxentius. In 369 the indefatigable Saint Hilary of Poitiers repaired to Milan, where the Emperor then resided, and endeavoured to convince him that Auxentius was in reality an Arian, and that the spiritual administration of so extensive and important a province should no longer be left in the hands of a heretic. Valentinian ordered Auxentius to make a public statement of his belief. Auxentius complied, and his confession of faith appeared so satisfactory to the tolerant or indifferent Emperor, that, without further inquiry, he commanded Hilary, as a calumniator and stirrer up of strife, to retire forthwith to his own diocese. 2. des eaux saines," Paris, 1765, 12mo. AUXIRON, JEAN ́ BAPTISTE. We know nothing more of him than is stated in the "Biographie Universelle," namely, that he was born at Baume-les-Dames, in 1680, was a physician, and died at Besançon in 1760, leaving the following writings: "Démonstration d'un secret utile à la marine," Paris, 1750, 8vo; and "Nouvelle manière de diriger la bombe," Paris, 1754, 8vo. A. De M. 3. AUXIRON, JEAN BAPTISTE D', Professor of French law in the University of Besançon, in which city he was born in the year 1736. He died in the same city, in the year 1800. He wrote-1. "Observations sur les jurisdictions anciennes et modernes de la ville de Besançon," Besançon, 1777, 8vo. 2. "Projets pour les fontaines publiques de la villa de Besançon,” Besançon, 1777, 8vo. "Réflexions sur le sujet proposé par l'Académie de Besançon (en 1781, sur les vertus patriotiques)," Besançon, 1783, 8vo. 4. "Mémoires historiques et critiques sur les écluses de Besançon, et sur la navigation du Doubs," Geneva (Besançon),1785, 8vo. He is said to have left behind him in manuscript an important work on the means of extinguishing mendicity in France. (Biographie Universelle; Quérard, La France Littéraire.) J. W. J. In 372 Auxentius was condemned as a heretic in a synod especially convoked for the purpose at Rome, by Damasus, Bishop of that city. The decision of the Synod of Rome was confirmed by several subsequent assemblies of the Spanish and Gallican churches. Auxentius, however, continued to enjoy the favour of the Emperor, and died Bishop of Milan in the year 374. (Baronius, AUZANET, BARTHELEMI, a French Annales Ecclesiastici, sub annis 355, 359, 369; lawyer, was born at Paris, in 1591. The Moreri, Dictionnaire Historique; Newman, editor of his works informs us that he enThe Arians of the Fourth Century, chap. iv. joyed a wide-spread reputation as an able § 3 and 4.) G. B. practical lawyer, and was extensively emAUXIRON, CLAUDE FRANÇOIS ployed. His success is attributed to his proJOSEPH D', son of Jean Baptiste, the found knowledge, his integrity, and his sound physician, was born at Besançon, in the common sense, while it is stated that he was year 1728. He served in the army twice; not deficient in the more rhetorical qualificafirst, in the regiment of Austrasie, and after- tions of an accomplished lawyer. His editor wards as captain of artillery. His favourite further appeals to the reminiscences of many pursuit was mathematics, and finding that his Parisian families who had experienced his duties as an officer interfered with his mathe-able professional assistance and friendly sermatical studies, he resigned his commission, and retired to Paris, where he died in the year 1778. His works, which were pubLished anonymously, are-1. "Projet patriotique sur les Eaux de Paris; ou, Mémoires sur les moyens de fournir à la ville de Paris vices; and this view of his character is confirmed by other writers. When De Lamoignon, the first president of the parliament of Paris, conceived the great project of establishing a uniform system of law through all the provinces of France in the more ge |