His acquaintance with the literature and persons of the seventeenth century in New England was extremely thorough, and, while he had few of the graces of style, he was always clear in his presentation of a theme and discriminating in his choice of material. Besides frequent contributions to the New England Historical and Genealogical Register, of which he was editor in 1876-1902, Mr. Dean was the author of A Memoir of the Rev. Nathaniel Ward (1868) and A Memoir of Rev. Michael Wigglesworth (1871).

Depue, David Ayres, jurist, born in Mount Bethlehem, Pa., Oct. 27, 1826; died in Newark, N. J., April 3, 1902. He was graduated at Princeton University in 1846. In 1849 he was admitted to the bar and began practise in Belvidere, N. J., where he remained till 1866, when he was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court, where he remained by successive appointments till 1900. On May 1, 1900, he was commissioned Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, and he held that office till Nov. 16, 1901, when he resigned after thirty-five years of service.

Dickerman, Lysander, Egyptologist, born in Bridgewater, Mass., in 1830; died in Boston, Mass., Dec. 13, 1902. He was graduated at Brown University in 1851, and at Andover Theological Seminary in 1856; was ordained in the Congregational Church in 1858; held pastorates in Massachusetts and New Hampshire till 1869, and then spent two years in the University of Berlin. In 1873 he was called to a church in Quincy, Ill., and later held charges in Gilroy and Chico, Cal. Since 1878 he had supplied pulpits in Boston, New York, and elsewhere. He spent much time in travel, especially as an antiquary, and became well versed in Egyptology. His publications include The Egyptian Deities (1885); The Hittites of the Bible (1889); The Fayam (1892); and Mariette-Bey's Monument of Upper Egypt (1900). Drummond, Josiah Hayden, jurist, born in Maine in 1827; died in Portland, Me., Oct. 25, 1902. He was admitted to the bar and practised in Waterville till 1860, when he removed to Portland. He served in both houses of the State Legislature; was Attorney-General of the State in 1860-'64; a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1864, 1876, and 1884; and a director of the Maine Central Railroad from 1865 till his death. His publications included Maine Masonic Text-book for the Use of Lodges; History of Masonic Jurisprudence; and the article on Masonry in the Universal Cyclopædia and Atlas. Earl, Robert, jurist, born in Herkimer, N. Y., Sept. 10, 1824; died there, Dec. 2, 1902. He was graduated at Union College; was principal of Herkimer Academy two years, during which time he studied law; and was admitted to the bar in 1848 in his native town, where he practised till 1870. He edited the Herkimer Democrat several years, and was supervisor of Herkimer County in 1849 and 1860; judge and surrogate of the same county in 1856-60; judge of the old Court of Appeals in 1869-'70, and then its chief justice.

He was a member of the Commission of Appeals till July, 1875, and was elected judge of the new Court of Appeals in the following year, which post he held till he retired in 1895. He was a founder and later president of the Herkimer County Historical Society, and with his wife founded the Herkimer Free Library and gave it property valued at $30,000.

Eggleston, Edward, author, born in Vevay, Ind., Dec. 10, 1837; died at Joshua's Rock, Lake George, N. Y., Sept. 3, 1902. His father, who was a Virginian and a lawyer, died when Edward was nine years old. The son was prevented by delicate health from entering college, but by private study he acquired a liberal education. He spent four months in Minnesota, in 1856, for the benefit of his health, and then returned to Indiana and became a Methodist preacher, riding circuit. Six months later he went again to Minnesota, became general agent for the Bible Society, and was pastor of churches successively in St. Peters, St. Paul, Stillwater, and Winona. When his still delicate health forbade pastoral work he supported his family in various ways, which he himself characterized as "always honest, but sometimes very undignified." He removed to Evanston, Ill., in 1866, and for six years was associate editor of The Little Corporal, a popular juvenile periodical, of which Emily Huntington Miller was the chief editor. Mr. Eggleston had previously contributed to this publication a series entitled Round-Table Stories. Later he edited the Sunday-School Teacher in Chicago, which under his management increased its circulation from 5,000 to 35,000, and at the same time he became popular as an organizer of Sundayschool teachers' institutes and a speaker at their conventions. He had also become a regular contributor to the New York Independent, using the pen-name Penholder. In 1870 he became literary editor of that paper, and for a short time he was superintending editor. In 1871 he became chief editor of the newly established Hearth and Home, published in New York. In this periodical first appeared his story The Hoosier Schoolmaster, which was immediately popular, appeared in book form in 1871, has been translated into several European languages, and still has a steady sale in the United States. This was followed by The End of the World (1872); The Mystery of Metropolisville (1873); The Circuit-Rider (1874); The Schoolmaster's Stories (1874); Roxy (1878); The Hoosier Schoolboy (1883); Queer Stories (1884); The Graysons (1888); The Faith Doctor (1891); and Duffels (1893). He had published Mr. Blake's Walking-Stick in 1869. He looked upon his works of fiction as little more than so much work to earn money for historical investigation, since his ambition was the writing of history, for which he made preparation in costly research and minute study. He published a History of the United States and its People, for the use of schools (1888); a Household History of the United States and its People (1888); a First Book in American History (1889); and two volumes of an elaborate history of our country, entitled The Beginners of a Nation (1896) and The Transit of Civilization (1900). He edited Christ in Art (1874) and Christ in Literature (1875). Dr. Eggleston, who had received honorary degrees from several colleges, was a brilliant talker and a man of fine sympathies. When he returned from Ireland, whither he had been sent by a metropolitan newspaper to investigate the famine, he remarked, "I felt ashamed to have money in my pocket when I saw the condition of those poor people." For portrait, see frontispiece.

He was graduated at Harvard University in 1864. In 1864-'65 he was principal of Exeter High School; and then became classical master of the Springfield High School. In 1872 he became Professor of Greek at Williams College, where he remained until his death. He edited Selections from the Greek Historians.

Ferris, Andrew Curtis, inventor, born in Mamaroneck, N. Y., about 1818; died in the Catskill mountains, New York, Aug. 1, 1902. In 1849 he went to the California gold-diggings in command of 200 armed men. He was the first to refine petroleum so that it could be burned as an illuminant without smoke.

Floyd-Jones, De Lancey, military officer, born in Queens County, New York, Jan. 20, 1826; died in New York city, Jan. 19, 1902. He was graduated at West Point and commissioned a 2d lieutenant in the 7th Infantry July 1, 1846; brevetted 1st lieutenant, Jan. 1, 1848; promoted captain, July 31, 1854; major of the 11th Infantry, May 14, 1861; brevetted lieutenant-colonel, Aug. 1, 1863; colonel, June 25, 1867; and was retired at his own request, March 20, 1879. He served with distinction through the Mexican War, taking part in the siege of Vera Cruz, in the capture of the city of Mexico, and in the battles of Cerro Gordo and Molino del Rey. After the war he was on frontier duty and in expeditions against hostile Indians till the civil war broke out, when, as major of the 11th Infantry, he served in the battles of Yorktown, Gaines's Mill, and Malvern Hill. He was also engaged in the battles of Manassas, Antietam, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg. At the close of the war he was again assigned to service against the Indians. After his retirement he devoted much of his time

to literature. He was the author of Letters from the Far West.

Ford, Paul Leicester, author, born in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1865; died in New York city, May 8, 1902. At about the age of eight he met with an accident that injured his spine and dwarfed his physical growth. But he had a naturally brilliant mind, which was developed by a love of study and lifelong command of books and leisure. He was educated by private tutors in the house of his father, Gordon L. Ford, which contained one of the finest private libraries in the metropolis. He was a skilled bibliographer, and made the catalogue of the fine library that James Lorimer Graham bequeathed to the Century Association. Mr. Ford edited Thomas Jefferson's writings (10 volumes), John Dickinson's writings (3 volumes), and other works relating to American history, and wrote The True George Washington and The Many-Sided Franklin. In fiction he produced The Honorable Peter Stirling, The Great K. & A. Train-Robbery, The Story of an Untold Love, Tattle-Tales of Cupid, Wanted -a Match-Maker, Wanted-a Chaperone, and Janice Meredith. The last-named, a story of the time of the Revolution, had a remarkable success, the sale reaching the hundreds of thousands. Mr. Ford married, in 1900, Miss Mary Grace Kidder, of Brooklyn, and built a beautiful home in New York. He had inherited wealth from his father and had received large returns from the sale of his books. One of his brothers, who had been disinherited because of his devotion to athletics, brooded over what he considered the injustice done him, until he became undoubtedly a monomaniac if not completely insane. In this condition he visited Paul in his library and demanded a large sum of money; when this was refused, or when it appeared that Paul would refuse, he shot Paul through the breast, and

then shot himself, dying instantly. Paul died in half an hour. For portrait, see frontispiece. Foster, Rebecca S. (popularly known as the "Tombs Angel "), benefactor, born about 1842; died in New York city, Feb. 21, 1902. In 1865 she married Gen. John A. Foster, who died in 1890, and after his death she undertook the humane work in the Tombs (the city prison in New York) that earned for her the title of the "Tombs Angel." She worked wholly on independent lines, representing no church, society, or organization, and rendered the prisoners under her care incalculable benefits, especially the women. She was greatly esteemed by the judges, lawyers, reporters, and all others who had business in the Criminal Courts building. Mrs. Foster was one of the victims of the Park Avenue Hotel disaster.

Fowler, Joseph Smith, lawyer, born in Steubenville, Ohio, Aug. 31, 1820; died in Washington, D. C., April 1, 1902. He was graduated at Franklin College, Ohio, in 1843, and was for four years Professor of Mathematics there. He then removed to Kentucky, where he was admitted to the bar, and later to Tennessee, where he practised until the civil war broke out, when he removed to Springfield, Ill., in consequence of Jefferson Davis's proclamation ordering all supporters of the Union to leave the Southern States. In 1862 he returned to Tennessee; was made Comptroller of the State; took an active part in reconstructing the State government in the interest of the Union; was elected United States Senator in 1865, but was not admitted to his seat till July, 1866; and was one of the 7 Republicans who voted against the impeachment of President Johnson. He practised in Washington, D. C., from 1871 till his death.

Frémont, Jessie Benton, author, born in Virginia in 1824; died in Los Angeles, Cal., Dec. 27, 1902. She was the daughter of United States Senator Thomas H. Benton, of Missouri. She removed to Washington at the age of fourteen and was educated at Georgetown Seminary. In Washington she became acquainted with John Charles Frémont, a lieutenant in the corps of topographical engineers. She was then about fifteen years old, and her parents objected to her receiving the addresses of the young lieutenant, and when the latter was assigned to a Government survey of Des Moines river, the young lovers believed that Senator Benton had obtained the order for the purpose of separating them. The survey was executed rapidly, and on Frémont's return the couple eloped and were married, Oct. 19, 1841. After a reconciliation with her parents, Mrs. Frémont returned to her father's home, where she remained while her husband was on one of his famous expeditions to explore the Rocky mountains. They removed to California a few years later, and returned to Washington in 1850, when Mr. Frémont was elected to represent California in the Senate. From the close of his senatorial term till his unsuccessful presidential campaign against James Buchanan, in 1856, they resided in St. Louis. After Gen. Frémont's death (1890) Mrs. Frémont wrote much for the newspapers and magazines. She was the author of The Story of the Guard; A Year of American Travel; Far West Sketches; Souvenirs of My Time: Sketch of Senator Benton; and The Will and The Way Stories.

French, Thomas Henry, publisher of plays and theater manager, born in New York city, Dec. 7, 1848; died there Dec. 1, 1902. He was educated in the United States and in France, and in 1870 he became a partner in the play-pub

lishing business of his father, the firm being known as Samuel French & Son. In 1871 the elder French opened a branch house in London, leaving his son at the head of the New York office. The first play of great importance that the firm published in this country was A Celebrated Case, which was rented to the manager of the Union Square Theater at a royalty of 50 per cent. This venture proving very profitable, Mr. French set about securing American rights to other successful foreign plays, and in the course of a few years the firm published in the United States scores of the best European dramas that have been seen in this country. Mr. French's managerial experience began in 1873, when he produced White Lies, a dramatization of Wilkie Collins's novel of that name, at the old Olympic Theater, New York. In 1877 he undertook the management of Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Williamson, in Struck Oil, which was highly successful. In 1878 he took the entire Union Square Theater Company on tour, playing the Sardou drama Mother and Son, which had made a great hit in New York. In 1883 he took the Wallack's Theater Company to San Francisco with The Silver King. In 1889 Mr. French produced Little Lord Fauntleroy, which made a tremendous hit, and, in company with Frank Sanger, he soon had four companies playing this piece in different parts of the country. In 1892 Mr. French formed the Lillian Russell Opera Company, and it was regarded as the finest lightopera organization that ever had been seen in the United States. At different times he managed the Broadway Theater, the Madison Square Garden, and the Grand Opera-House, and he built and managed the new American Theater in West Forty-second Street, New York. The last dramatic production under his direction was the Hotel Topsy Turvy, at the Herald Square Thea

ter in 1898.

Fries, Wulf Christian Julius, violoncellist, born in Germany, 1825; died in Roxbury, Mass., April 29, 1902. He began his musical career as a member of the orchestra in the theater of Bergen. He came to the United States with Ole Bull, and played the violoncello in the Ole Bull Concert Company in its tours throughout the country. He appeared also in concerts with Rubinstein, the pianist; and after he had settled permanently in the United States he founded the Mendelssohn Quintet Club, of Boston.

Frost, William Henry, author, born in North Providence, R. I., March 18, 1863; died in New York city, March 21, 1902. He was graduated at Brown University in 1886, and became connected with the New York Tribune as a general reporter in 1887, and as dramatic news reporter in 1889. He was the author of The Wagner Story-Book (1894); The Court of King Arthur (1896); The Knights of the Round Table (1897); and Fairies and Folk of Ireland (1900).

Frothingham, Ellen, translator, born in Boston, Mass., March 25, 1835; died there, March 11, 1902. She was a daughter of the Rev. Nathaniel Frothingham. She inherited the literary tastes of her father, and early turned her attention to German literature, her first published work being a translation of Lessing's Nathan der Weise (1868), usually considered the finest English version of Lessing's great drama. This was followed by translations of Goethe's Hermann und Dorothea (1870); Lessing's Laokoon (1874); Grillparzer's Sappho (1876); and from Marie-Herbert, Poems of Therese (1899).

Gallaudet, Thomas, clergyman, born in Hartford, Conn., June 3, 1822; died in New York

city, Aug. 17, 1902. He was a son of the Rev. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, who introduced into the United States the systematic education of deafmutes, and brother of Edward Miner Gallaudet, through whose instrumentality the National DeafMute College in Washington, D.C., was established, of which he became president. He was graduated at Trinity College in 1842; taught in the New York Institution for the Deaf and Dumb in 1843-'58; and in the meantime was ordained in the Protestant Episcopal Church. In 1852 he founded St. Ann's Church for Deaf-Mutes, services being held in a room in the old building of the New York University, and later in the hall of the New York Historical Society till 1858, when a church and a rectory were secured on Eighteenth Street, near Fifth Avenue; and in 1894 this church was consolidated with St. Matthew's Church. In 1892 he resigned his active pastorate to enter into broader missionary work, and became pastor emeritus. Besides his other duties he accepted the pastorate of the Sisterhood of the Good Shepherd in 1869, and the chaplaincy of the Midnight Mission in 1871. He founded the Church Mission for DeafMutes in 1872, and was its manager till his death. This society was the pioneer of church work among deaf-mutes throughout the country and has established the Gallaudet Home for Aged and Infirm Deaf-Mutes.

Gardiner, Charles Randolph, theatrical manager and agent, died in Milford, Del., Jan. 1, 1902. He opened the first theatrical booking agency in New York city, and managed it successfully for many years, introducing to the public numerous players who are now well known. He was the originator of various forms of theatrical amusement, the most profitable of which was musical farce-comedy, his own play, The Tragedians of Kalamazoo, being the first entertainment of this kind seen on the stage. He was the first to introduce music and specialties in Uncle Tom's Cabin, and he also organized the first regular company of traveling variety performers. Probably the most notable of Mr. Gardiner's theatrical achievements was the building of the first theater in Chicago after the great fire of 1871. He went to that city very soon after the calamity, and found many thousands of people with no place of amusement. He announced that he would have a new theater ready in one month, and in thirty-three days an attractive playhouse, 70 x 100 feet in dimensions, completely finished and handsomely furnished, was built and opened to the public, Lawrence Barrett giving the first performance. A few years ago Mr. Gardiner retired from theatrical life, and he was at the head of a large mercantile business in Milford up to the time of his death.

Garrard, Theophilus Toulmin, military officer, born in Manchester, Ky., June 7, 1812; died there March 14, 1902. He was a member of the Kentucky Legislature in 1843-44, served in the Mexican War as captain of the 16th United

States Infantry, and on the discovery of gold went to California in 1849. He was elected a member of the State Senate in 1857 and in 1861, and at the outbreak of the civil war entered the National service as colonel of the 3d Kentucky Infantry. He was promoted brigadier-general in March, 1864, and was mustered out of the service April 4 following. After the war he engaged in farming and the manufacture of salt.

Gibbs, James Ethan Allen, inventor, born in Raphine, Va.; died there, Nov. 25, 1902. He lived in the South till the civil war broke out, when he settled in New York city, where, with Charles H. Willcox, he formed the firm of Willcox & Gibbs, manufacturers of the sewing-machine bearing its name. He invented the controlling principle of the single and double thread in sewing-machines, and other devices. He returned to his native town in 1892, where he did much to develop the industrial life there and in the Shenandoah valley. Godkin, Edwin Lawrence, journalist, born in Moyne, Ireland, Oct. 2, 1831; died in Brixham, England, May 20, 1902. He was graduated at Queen's College, Belfast, in 1851, and was a war correspondent for the London News in Russia and Turkey during the Crimean War in 1854-56. After the war he came to the United States; settled in New York city; studied law, and in 1859 was admitted to the bar. He was on the editorial staff of the New York Times in 1862-'65, and during that period again served the London News as correspondent in the civil war. In 1865 he established and became editor of the Nation, which was made the weekly issue of the Evening Post in 1881, and he then became one of the editors and proprietors of the joint publication, and remained as such till 1898, when he retired. In 1895 Mayor Strong appointed him a member of the Civil-Service Commission, on which he served till Mayor Van Wyck's election. He was the author of a History of Hungary; Reflections and Comments; Problems of Democracy; and Unforeseen Tendencies of Democracy.

Goshorn, Alfred Traber, manufacturer, born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1834; died there, Feb. 19, 1902. He was graduated at Marietta College in 1854, and two years later was admitted to the bar, and began practise in Cincinnati. On becoming proprietor of an extensive white-lead plant in Cincinnati he retired from his profession to engage in manufacturing. In 1870 he became president of the Cincinnati Industrial Exhibition, which proved so successful that it has since been repeated annually. His administrative abilities in this field led to his appointment as directorgeneral of the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia in 1876. Mr. Goshorn was one of the organizers in 1881 of the Cincinnati Museum Association, and till his death was its director.

Goucher, Mary C., philanthropist, died in Alto Dale, Md., Dec. 19, 1902. She was the daughter of Dr. John Fisher. In early life she became interested in educational and church work, and was conspicuous as an advocate of the education of women. She married the Rev. John F. Goucher, inherited a fortune of more than $1,000,000, and applied much of her time and money in assisting her husband in establishing the Woman's College of Baltimore, which through her aid has become one of the most important educational institutions under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church. She, with her husband, established nearly 100 Methodist mission schools in India.

Grant, Julia Dent, born on her father's farm in Whitehaven, 10 miles southeast of St. Louis, Feb. 16, 1826; died in Washington, D. C., Dec. 14,

1902. Her father was Judge Dent, a practitioner at the St. Louis bar. Julia was the fifth child and the oldest daughter. She received her education in St. Louis. Her brother was a classmate of Ulysses S. Grant, who saved his (Dent's) life while fighting in the Mexican War. Grant married her Aug. 22, 1848, at the Dent residence. The young officer was then assigned to Sackett's Harbor, N. Y., and six months later was transferred to Detroit. Mrs. Grant accompanied him to both places. In 1854 Capt. Grant resigned from the army, when his father-in-law gave him a 65-acre farm. The couple were unable to get a living out of it, however, and Grant found employment in a real-estate office in St. Louis. In the spring of 1860 he went to work in his father's leather store in Galena, Ill. At the close of the civil war Grant was made commanding general of the army, and, with Mrs. Grant, settled in Washington. After this came his election to the presidency, and Mrs. Grant became the mistress of the White House, where she presided with dignity and tact. The eight years' régime of the Grants at the White House was characterized by social functions of great elegance. Subsequently they made a trip around the world. Some of the greatest honors ever shown to an American woman were showered on Mrs. Grant, and she and her husband received many rare and costly gifts. After the death of her husband Mrs. Grant's life was remarkably quiet, much of it being spent in Washington. The most noticeable incident in the latter part of her life was her decision in regard to $150,000 borrowed by her husband from William H. Vanderbilt. This was in 1884, three days before the failure of the firm of Grant & Ward in May. Gen. Grant believed the loan could be returned by him in a day or two, but his affairs changed radically in a very short time, and when Mr. Vanderbilt demanded payment he was unable to make it. Mr. Vanderbilt began a suit, and Gen. Grant permitted judgment to be entered against him. He and Mrs. Grant, however, sent to Mr. Vanderbilt the deeds of their property, which they believed was sufficient to cover the debt of honor. Mr. Vanderbilt thereupon wrote to Mrs. Grant, presenting to her, as her separate estate, the debt and judg ment he held against Gen. Grant's real estate and the household furniture and ornaments. In reply Mrs. Grant declined the proposition, excepting the trust that applied to articles to go to the Government. Gen. Grant acquiesced in the plan after it was modified considerably, but Mrs. Grant, after first agreeing with him, withdrew her consent. During Gen. Grant's last illness she was his constant attendant. After her husband's death Congress voted her a life pension of $5,000 per annum. In accordance with an agreement concerning the permanent resting-place of Gen. Grant's remains, those of his widow were laid beside his own in a sarcophagus of the mausoleum in Riverside Park, New York city.

Gray, Ada (Mrs. Charles F. Tingay), actress, born in Oneonta, N. Y., in 1834; died in Fordham, N. Y., Aug. 27, 1902. She made her first appearance when she was only ten years old, and at fifteen she played Juliet in Rochester, N. Y.