Thompson, D'Arcy Wentworth, Irish scholar, born in 1829; died in Galway, Ireland, Jan. 26, 1902. For more than forty years he was Professor of Greek in Queen's College, Galway. He was the author of A Latin Grammar for Elementary Classes (1857); Ancient Leaves (1862); History and Philosophy of Story-Telling (1863); On History and Progress (1863); Day Dreams of a Philosopher (1864); Nursery Nonsense, or Rhymes without Reason (1864); Fun and Earnest, or Rhymes with Reason (1865); The Wit and Wisdom of the Athenian Drama (1867); and Wayside Thoughts (1868).

Tiele, Cornelis Petrus, a Dutch theologian, born in Leyden, Holland, Dec. 16, 1830; died there, Jan. 14, 1902. He was educated for the ministry at the Remonstrant Seminary in Amsterdam, and after being pastor of the Remonstrant Church at Moordrecht from 1853 to 1856 became pastor of a similar church in Rotterdam. Here he soon attracted attention as a preacher and scholar, and when the Remonstrant Seminary was transferred to Leyden in 1873 he was appointed a professor. In 1877 he accepted the chair of History of Religion, in the University of Leyden, while retaining his post at the seminary. Prof. Tiele published History of the Religions of Zarathustra (1864); Comparative History of the Religions of Egypt and Mesopotamia (1869-'72), which was quickly translated into French, German, and English; Outlines of the History of Religion (1876); Elements of the Science of Religion (1897-'99; and History of Religions (1901).

Tissot, James, French painter, born in Nantes, Oct. 15, 1836; died at the Abbey of Buillon, Aug. 8, 1902. He was a pupil of Ingres in the École des Beaux-Arts, studied under Lamothe, and, in London, under Seymour Haden, became a finished draftsman, but rather feeble colorist of French classic traditions. In his earlier work his favorite subjects were types of female beauty, treated in a frivolous manner, that were striking and attractive. He exhibited A Promenade in the Snow in 1859, and The Return of Faust and Marguerite in 1861, which is in the Luxembourg. In 1863 he sent to the Salon The Prodigal; in 1864, Two Sisters; in 1865, Spring; in 1866, A Girl at Church; in 1867, Confidence; in 1868, the watercolor Melancholy; in 1869, A Widow; in 1870, A Girl in a Boat. He produced etchings of English scenes and a series on Parisian Women, and illustrated a novel by De Goncourt and other books. Under the impulse of a sudden bereavement he went to Palestine and devoted six years to studying the scenery and places, atmosphere, skies, architecture, plants, animals, utensils, costumes, the daily life, customs, and manners, and the Semitic types to be found there. His purpose was to illustrate in pictures all the recorded incidents in the life of Jesus Christ. This he accomplished, retiring to the ruins of the old abbey in the Doubs in 1896 after he returned to France with innumerable sketches and studies, in 350 water-colors and an immense number of small

er sketches and drawings. As the paintings were intended for reproduction, the freedom of artistic treatment was somewhat restrained, yet they constitute collectively a marvelous and original work of art in which the Biblical scenes are depicted with force and feeling, with an entire absence of the conventions and traditional sentiment of religious art, in their true environment. His exact and faithful impressions of Oriental life are realistic without loss of dignity and minute in ethnological and historical details without a lowering of artistic quality, while the action of the sacred story is powerfully rendered and the actors throughout the series consistently interpret his conception of their character and individuality. The paintings were reproduced by Lemercier in Paris under the title of La Vie de notre Seigneur, Jésus-Christ. Tissot was still working at Buillon when he died, painting the scenes and incidents of the Old Testament. His water-colors and pen-and-ink drawings of the life of Christ, 540 works in all, are in the gallery of the Brooklyn Institute of Art, having been purchased for $60,000, the price set by the artist, who refused to allow the paintings to be sold separately.

Tisza, Koloman, Hungarian statesman, born in Grosswardein, Dec. 16, 1830; died in Budapest, March 23, 1902. He belonged to the noble Protestant family of Borosjeno in the county of Biharar, studied law, and obtained a post in the Ministry of Education in 1848, which he resigned as soon as the revolutionary storm burst, but did not identify himself with the revolution. He went abroad to study, returned to his father's place in Geszt, his part of the inheritance, and first took part in public affairs as the champion of Protestant autonomy in opposition to Count Leo Thun's patent of Sept. 1, 1859, for the regulation of the Protestant communions. This interference of the Austrian Government in a branch of Hungarian affairs that the Hungarians had always settled among themselves gave a fresh impetus to the constitutional idea and brought Koloman Tisza to the front as its advocate. When the prefect called to examine the correspondence that Tisza was holding with the proscribed agitators and asked him to show a specimen of the incendiary documents he handed out the imperial patent as the only one he possessed. When in October, 1860, absolute government in the Austrian Empire was relinquished in a decree recognizing constitutional and representative rights in the various historical states existing, the Magyar Liberals were inclined to accept for Hungary the liberties offered, as they exceeded the constitutional rights that practical politicians then hoped to obtain for Hungary. Tisza induced them to reject the whole scheme of provincial self-government and to stand firmly for the historical rights of Hungary as an independent state. Henceforth he was the acknowledged leader of the movement for the restoration of the Hungarian Constitution. When Parliament was reconvoked in 1861 he was elected to the House of Deputies from the town of Debreczin and succeeded Count Ladislaus Teleky in the leadership of the Left Center, the constitutional party which opposed Francis Deak's conciliatory proposal to petition the Austrian Emperor for the restoration of the ancient liberties, holding it unsuitable to address the monarch until he should become the crowned constitutional

King of Hungary. When Deak's petition was summarily rejected by the Vienna Government its author drew up a fresh address which presented the Hungarian demands so fully and unequivocally that Tisza accepted it as an adequate expression of the Magyar aspirations. This memorial voicing the unanimous opinion of the nation was an

over.

swered only by the dissolution of the Hungarian Parliament with the threat of military force in case of resistance. During the despotic régime that followed Tisza expounded the constitutional view in articles contributed to a political journal started by his friend Moritz Jokai, in which he unfolded a Liberal program for Hungary, including free trade with other nations and the removal of trammels from internal industry and commerce. When Parliament was again convoked toward the close of 1865 Koloman was elected again as member for Debreczin, and with M. K. Ghyczy he led the group that in 1861 would speak to Austria only through a parliamentary resolution. This minority party supported Deak as well as his own more numerous followers, and Tisza took a prominent part in the negotiations for an Ausgleich that were interrupted by the war of 1866 and were quickly completed when it was When constitutional government was at last established with Count Julius Andrassy at the head of the ministry Deak's followers became the Government majority and Tisza's the regular Opposition, which supported the Cabinet, however, in its vigorous repression of socialistic and agrarian agitation. Tisza's political influence was not dependent on the strength of his party, which waxed in 1869 and waned again in 1872. He declined several times to take an office in the Cabinet. When the Government fell into discredit in 1874 by reason of administrative mismanagement Tisza was invited to form a Cabinet, but declined until the country was ready to adopt the program of the Opposition, which Ghyczy and his immediate following had left. When the Government made concessions to the non-Magyar nationalities Tisza approved, but when the Nationalist demands still grew he was the first to call a halt and to recall public opinion to sentiments of Hungarian patriotism and national union. In 1875 the Government majority was split up, and a large section was inclined to accept the plans of financial and internal policy put forward by Tisza. The ministry therefore resigned, and the Wenckheim Cabinet was formed, with Tisza in the Ministry of the Interior as the controlling mind of the combined Deak and Tisza parties. Eight months later Baron Bela Wenckheim retired, and Tisza, on Oct. 17, 1875, became Prime Minister and remained at the head of the Government till March 12, 1890, at first as Minister of the Interior and in later years as Minister of Finance. He placed the disordered finances on a sound basis, reestablished the public credit, renewed the Ausgleich twice to the advantage of Hungary, and developed a railroad system so complete that only small additions have since been required. The strength and growth of Hungary has been largely due to his undisputed control of internal and financial affairs for many years, while foreign affairs were left to Count Julius Andrassy. After his resignation of the premiership he was still regarded for some time as the general directing the party policy and as chairman of the most important committees of the Chamber and the delegation he continued to shape legislation. He was elected to Parliament four times from Grosswardein, and was grieved at his defeat in 1901 by a member of the Kossuth party, after which he was returned from a Transylvanian town. From the time of his entrance into political life he conducted the temporal affairs of the Calvinist Church and was the champion of Protestant rights and as such the object of the persistent enmity of the Clericals.

Tucker, Henry William, English clergyman, born in Devonshire, England, in 1830; died in

Florence, Italy, Jan. 3, 1902. He was educated at Oxford, and after his ordination to the Anglican ministry in 1855 was successively curate at Chantry, Somerset, 1855-56; West Buckland, Devonshire, 1856-60; and Devoran, Cornwall, 1860-65. He became an assistant secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts in 1865, and subsequently chief secretary. This post he held until his retirement in July, 1901. He was prebendary of St. Paul's Cathedral from 1881. He published Clerical Recreations (1864); Under His Banner, a popular missionary work (1872); and The English Church in Other Lands (1886).

Tyler, Thomas, English scholar, born about 1825; died in London Feb. 27, 1902. He received his education at the University of London. He was a contributor to periodicals, and published the following works: Jehovah, the Redeemer God; The Scriptural Interpretation of the Divine Name Jehovah; Some New Evidence as to the Date of Ecclesiastes (1872); Ecclesiastes: A Contribution to its Interpretation (1874); and The Philosophy of Hamlet (1874).

Vaughan, William, English Roman Catholic prelate, born in London, Feb. 4, 1814; died in Newton Abbot, Devonshire, Oct. 25, 1902. He was educated for the Roman priesthood at Stonyhurst College, Lancashire; Saint Acheul, France; and Oscott College, and was ordained priest in 1838. In 1845 he was appointed president of Saint Paul's College, Prior Park, Bath, which office he filled till his consecration as Bishop of Plymouth, in September, 1855. Bishop Vaughan had two brothers in the priesthood, one of whom died in 1883 as Archbishop of Sydney.

Vibert, Georges, French painter, born in 1830; died in Paris, July 28, 1902. He produced many spirited aquarelles and small canvases rich in color that were prized in France and the United States. The Couvent sous l'Armes; Désespoir de Polichinelle; Coquelin en Mascarille; and L'Antichambre de Monseigneur are some of the best known. He earned the cross of the Legion of Honor by bravery in the defense of Malmaison during the war of 1870 and was the author of a successful comedietta.

Virchow, Rudolf, German scientist, born in Schifelbein, a small town near Stettin, Pomerania, Oct. 13, 1821; died in Berlin, Sept. 5, 1902. His parents were middle-class people, probably of Jewish descent. He attended the public school in his native town, and then entered the gymnasium of Cöslin. In 1839 he became a pupil at the Friedrich-Wilhelm Institute, a training-school for army medical officers, and among his fellow-students here was Helmholtz. He took his medical degree in 1843. In 1846 he succeeded Froriep at the Charité Hospital. About this time he founded, in collaboration with Reinhardt, the famous Archiv. In 1848, owing to the uncompromising way in which he criticized the authorities as the result of his investigation of an epidemic, he was forced to resign his place at the Charité. He was immediately called to the chair of Pathology at Würzburg, and accepted. As a result of his work here the famous Cellular Pathology was published in 1858. In 1856 the faculty of the University of Berlin petitioned for his recall, and in spite of bitter opposition he was finally recalled and remained in his old university for the rest of his life. Besides occupying the chair of Pathology in the university, he was ethnologist and anthropologist, archeologist, Egyptologist, and scientific politician to the city of Berlin. He was a member of the Municipal Council of the city for forty years, and of the Prussian Chamber from 1862 to 1878, where

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Virchow, Rudolf. German scientist, be Schifeibein, a small town near Stettin, I ania, Oct. 13, 1821; died in Berlin, Sept. 5, His parents were middle-class people, prot Jewish descent. He attended the public his native town and then entered the gym of Cöslin. In 1839 he became a papi Friedrich-Wilhel" Institute, a trainingsu army medical cers, and among his dents here was Hemipoltz. He took las degree in 1843. In 1846 he succceded 1.0. the Charité Hospital. About this time ne ed, in collaboration with Reinhardt, the 1 Archiv, In 1848, owing to the uncomprof way in which he criticized the authorities result of his investigation of an epidemic, » forced to resign his place at the Charité. immediately called to the chair of Path Würzburg, and accepted. As a result of E here the famous Cellular Pathology was pr in 1858. In 1856 the faculty of rne Univer Berlin petitioned for his real, and in s. Stter opposition he was fira” recalled nel in his old university for the rest of s occupying the chan of Pathology ty, he was ethnologist and anthro ist. Egyptologist, and scientis icity of Berlin. He was a ment ened of the c forty t usian Chambet fr., 1812 16 1

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