1553-4. William Howard (whom afterward she created Lord Howard AN. REG. 1, of Effingham) to be Lieutenant of the city, and Pembroke General of the field. The event shewed that she followed that counsel which proved best for her preservation; for had she trusted to the city, she had been betrayed1. 28. Encouraged with this success, and confident of a strong party amongst the Londoners, on the third day of February he entereth Southwark, where he and his were finely feasted by the people. But when he hoped to have found the way open to the rest of the city, he found the drawbridge to be cut down, the bridge-gate to be shut, and the ordinance of the Tower bent against him, by the appointment and direction of the Lord Lieutenant. Two days he trifled out in Southwark to no purpose at all, more than the sacking of Winchester House and the defacing of the Bishop's library there2, unless it were to leave a document to posterity that God infatuates the counsels of those wretched men who traitorously take arms against their Princes. And, having liberally bestowed these two days upon the Queen, the better to enable her to provide for her safety, he wheels about on Sunday the sixth of the same month to Kingston Bridge. And though the bridge was broken down before his coming, and that the opposite shore was guarded by two hundred men, yet did he use such diligence that he removed away those forces, repaired the bridge, passed over both his men and cannon, and might in all probability have surprised both the court and city in the dead of the night, if the same spirit of infatuation had not rested on him. For, having marched beyond Brainford in the way towards London, without giving or taking the alarm, it happened that one of his great pieces was dismounted by the breach of its wheels. In the mending and mounting whereof he obstinately wasted so much time, notwithstanding all the persuasions which his friends could make unto him, that many of his men slipped from him, and some gave notice to the court, not only of his near approach, but also what his purpose was, and what had hindered him from putting it in execution. On this advertisement the Earl of Pembroke arms, and draws out his men to 1 See i. 172, n. 2. 2 Stow, 619. Some remains of the Bishop of Winchester's palace are still to be seen, near the western end of St Saviour's Church. 1553-4. AN. REG. 1, attend the motion of the rebels, who about ten of the clock came to Charing Cross, and without falling on the court, (which was then in very great amazement) turn up the Strand to Temple Bar, and so toward Ludgate, the Earl of Pembroke following and cutting him off in the arrear upon every turn. Coming to London, (when it was too late for his intendments,) he found the gates fast shut against him, and the Lord William Howard in as great a readiness to oppose him there as when he was before in Southwark. So that, being hemmed in on both sides without hope of relief, he yields himself to Sir Morris Berkley, is carried prisoner to the court, from thence committed to the Tower, arraigned at Westminster on the fifteenth of March, and executed on the eleventh of April, having first heard that no fewer than fifty of his accomplices were hanged in London, and Bret with twenty-two more in several places of Kent1. Seditious writings of Reformers. 29. It cannot be denied but that the restitution of the reformed religion was the matter principally aimed at in their rebellion, though nothing but the match with Spain appeared on the outside of it. Which appears plainly by a book writ by Christopher Goodman (associated with John Knox, for setting up presbytery and rebellion in the Kirk of Scotland), in which he takes upon him to shew "How far superior magistrates ought to be obeyed." For, having filled almost every chapter of it with railing speeches against the Queen, and stirring up the people to rebel against her, he falleth amongst the rest upon this expression, viz. “ Wyat did but his duty, and it was but the duty of all others that profess the gospel to have risen 205 with him for maintenance of the same. His cause was just, and they were all traitors that took not part with him. O noble Wyat! Thou art now with God, and those worthy men that died in that happy enterprise2." But this book 3 was written at Geneva, where Calvin reigned: to whom no pamphlet could be more agreeable than such as did reproach this Queen ; whom in his Comment upon Amos he entituleth by the name of Pros 1 Stow, 622-4. 2 Fuller, iv. 330-(where the quotation is not exactly the same). Compare with this section, Aër. Rediv. p. 25. Also the chapters on "Puritan Politics," in Maitland's Essays on the Reformation, pp. 85, seqq., or British Magazine, Vol. xxix. 3 See Maitland, 103, 116-126. 35 1553-4. erpine, and saith that she exceeded in her cruelties all the AN. REG. 1, devils in hell'. Much more it is to be admired that Dr John Poinet, the late Bishop of Winchester, should be of counsel in the plot, or put himself into their camp, and attend them to the place where the carriage brake. Where, when he could not work on Wyat to desist from that unprofitable labour in remounting the cannon, he counselled Vauhan2, Bret, and others, to shift for themselves, took leave of his more secret friends, told them that he would pray for their good success, and so departed and took ship for Germany, where he after died3. Injunctions Bishops. 30. The fortunate suppressing of these insurrections se- Royal cured the Queen from any fear of the like dangers for the for the present. And thereupon it was advised to make use of the opportunity for putting the Church into a posture, when the spirits of the opposite party were so crushed and broken that no resistance could be looked for. Articles therefore are sent into every diocese, and letters writ unto the several and respective Bishops on the third of March, to see them carefully and speedily put in execution. The tenor of which Articles was as followeth : (1) “THAT every Bishop and his officers, with all other having ecclesiastical jurisdiction, shall with all speed and diligence, and all manner of ways to them possible, put in execution 1 Calv. in Amos, c. 7, Opp. v. 223, col. i. designates Gardiner as "impostor ille qui postea fuit cancellarius hujus Proserpinæ, quæ hodie illic [in Anglia] superat omnes diabolos." 2 Edd. 1, 2, "Vauham;" ed. 3, "Vanham.” 3 Stow, 620. Burnet argues that Poinet cannot have been in the affair, because if so, the fact would have been published by Queen Mary's government, and Gardiner would have moved for his attainder. But such arguments do not warrant us in setting aside the positive testimony of Stow, who was resident in London at the time. (Maitland, 95-6). And Poinet's appearance in the rebellion was perfectly consistent with the principles of a work which he soon after published— "A treatise of Politic Power." On this work, see Collier, vi. 61; Hallam, Literature of Europe, ii. 188-192, ed. 1; Maitland, 97, 123, &c. Poinet died at Strasburg, 1556, aged 40. Godwin de Præsul. 256. (A story against him, which has been disbelieved as coming from Sanders, 230, is confirmed by Machyn's Diary-"The 27 day of July [1551] was the nuw bisshope of W. devorsyd from the bucher wyff with shame enogh."-p. 8.) 4 Fox, vi. 426. 5 Edd. 1, 2, AN. REG. 1, all such canons and ecclesiastical laws heretofore in the time 1553-4. of King Henry the Eighth used within this realm of England (2) That no Bishop or any his officer or other person here- (3) That no Bishop nor any his officer or other person do hereafter exact or demand in the admission of any person to any ecclesiastical promotion, order, or office, any oath touching the primacy or succession, as of late [in] few years past hath been accustomed and used. (4) That every Bishop and his officers, with all other persons [aforesaid], have a vigilant eye, and use special diligence and foresight, that no person be admitted or received to any ecclesiastical function, benefice, or office, being a sacramentary, infected or defamed with any notable kind of heresy, or other great crime; and that the said Bishop do stay and cause to be stayed, as much as lieth in him, that benefices and ecclesiastical promotions do not notably decay or take hindrance by passing or confirming unreasonable leases. (5) That every Bishop and all other persons aforesaid do diligently travail for the repressing of heresies and notable crimes, especially in the Clergy, duly correcting and punishing the same. (6) That every Bishop and all other persons aforesaid do likewise travail for the condemning and repressing of corrupt and naughty opinions, unlawful books, ballads, and other pernicious and hurtful devices, engendering hatred and discord amongst the people. And that Schoolmasters, Teachers, and Preachers, do exercise and use their offices and duties, without teaching, preaching, or setting forth any evil and corrupt doctrine, and that doing the contrary they may be by the Bishop and his said officers punished and removed. (7) That every Bishop and all other persons aforesaid, proceeding summarily and with all celerity and speed, may and shall deprive or declare deprived, and remove3 according to their learning and discretion, all such persons from their benefices and ecclesiastical promotions, who contrary to the state of their 36 3 ❝ amove," Burnet. 1 Edd. Heyl. "or.” 2 (Sic.) 206 1553-4. order, and the laudable custom of the Church, have married and AN.REG. 1, used women as their wives, or otherwise notably and slanderously disordered or abused themselves, sequestering also, during the said process, the fruits and profits of the said benefices and ecclesiastical promotions. (8) That the said Bishop and other persons aforesaid do use more lenity and clemency with such as have married whose wives be dead, than with others whose women do yet remain alive. And likewise such Priests as with the consent of their wives or women openly in the presence of the Bishop do profess to abstain, to be used more favourable. In which case, after the penance effectually done, the Bishop according to his discretion and wisdom may, upon just consideration, receive and admit them again to their former administrations, so it be not in the same place, appointing them such a portion to live upon, to be paid out of their benefice whereof they be deprived, by the discretion of the said Bishop or his officer, as he shall think may be spared of the same benefice. (9) That every Bishop and other person aforesaid do foresee that they suffer not any religious man, having solemnly professed chastity, to continue with his woman or wife, but that all such persons, after deprivation of their benefice or ecclesiastical promotion, be also divorced every one from his said woman, and due punishment otherwise taken for the offence therein. (10) Item, That every Bishop and all other persons aforesaid do take order and direction with the parishioners of every benefice where Priests do want, to repair to the next parish for Divine Service, or to appoint for a convenient time, till other better provision may be made, one Curate to serve alternis1 vicibus in divers parishes, and to allot the said Curate for his labour some part of the benefice which he so serveth. (11) That all and all manner of processions in the Church be used, frequented2, and continued after the old order of the Church, in the Latin tongue. (12) That all such Holy Days and Fasting Days be observed and kept as were observed and kept in the latter time of King Henry the Eighth. (13) That the laudable and honest Ceremonies which were wont to be used, frequented, and observed in the Church, be 1 Edd. 1, 2, and Fox, "alienis." Edd. Heyl." used frequently." 2 |